Vitiligo is a long-term skin condition characterized by patches of lost skin pigmentation that appear white with sharp borders. It results from the destruction of skin pigment cells. The exact cause is unknown but is believed to have a genetic basis triggered by an environmental factor resulting in an autoimmune response. Treatments include topical steroids and phototherapy to stimulate repigmentation, though some areas are more difficult to treat than others. While there is no cure, management options aim to restore pigmentation or camouflage affected areas.

1. VITILIGO
By :Haneen Ayad

2. Vitiligo is Long-term skin condition
This results in the destruction
of skin pigment cells
characterized by patches of the
skin losing their pigment.[1] The
patches of skin affected become
white and usually have sharp
margins

4. The hair from the skin may also
become white

5. Typically both sides of the
body are affected.

6. Often the patches begin on areas of skin
that are exposed to the sun. It is more
noticeable in people with dark skin. Vitiligo
may result in psychological stress and
those affected may be stigmatized
The exact cause of vitiligo is unknown. It
is believed to be due to genetic
susceptibility that is triggered by an
environmental factor such that
an autoimmune disease occurs

7. RISK FACTORS
family history of the condition or
other autoimmune diseases, such
as hyperthyroidism, alopecia
areata, and pernicious anemia

8. CLASSIFICATION
Vitiligo is classified into two
main types: segmental and
non-segmental

9. DIAGNOSIS
_clinically
_wood lamp
_ skin biopsy
_electron microscopy

10. TREATMENT
There is no cure for vitiligo but several
treatment options are available
The best evidence is for applied steroids and
the combination of ultraviolet light in
combination with creams
Lesions located on the hands, feet, and joints
are the most difficult to repigment; those on
the face are easiest to return to the natural
skin color as the skin is thinner in nature

11. immune suppressing medications
including glucocorticoids
and calcineurin inhibitors(such
as tacrolimus or pimecrolimus) are
considered to be first-line vitiligo treatments
Phototherapy is considered a second-
line treatment that Exposing the skin to light
from UVB lamps

12. In mild cases, vitiligo patches can be hidden
with makeup or other cosmetic
camouflage solutions. If the affected person
is pale-skinned, the patches can be made
less visible by avoiding tanning of unaffected
skin

13. In cases of extensive vitiligo the option to de-
pigment the unaffected skin with topical
drugs like monobenzone, mequinol,
or hydroquinone may be considered to
render the skin an even colour. The removal
of all the skin pigment with monobenzone is
permanent and vigorous. Sun-safety must be
adhered to for life to avoid
severe sunburn and melanomas.
Depigmentation takes about a year to
complete

14. SIGNS OF HEALING
By change the color of patchs to red with
itching
with time the skin becomes inflamed and
begins to peel. This skin finally disappears
and a new skin free of white spots appears.

16. RECOMINDATION
Vitamin B9 B12 supplement
(sunflower seeds ,Cheese, beef, Chicken
milk )
Copper supplement (Tomatoes and
chocolate)