Semi conductors
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Some electrical components do not obey Ohm's Law, where voltage is directly proportional to current. These components are called semiconductors or non-ohmic devices. Semiconductors include filament bulbs, diodes, thermistors, and light dependent resistors (LDRs). Filament bulbs have resistance that increases with current, diodes only allow current to flow in one direction, thermistors have resistance inversely proportional to temperature, and LDRs have resistance inversely proportional to light intensity. These semiconductors can control when and how much current flows in a circuit.
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- Explaining the working of single loop AC generators and terms related to AC circuits.
- Briefly explaining AC through resistance, inductance and capacitance.
Lecture23 ohmslaw
1. The document discusses electric current, batteries, resistance, and their relationships as defined by Ohm's Law and how power is calculated.
2. It explains that a battery produces electromotive force (emf) and maintains a voltage between its terminals, and that current is measured in Amperes.
3. Resistance depends on properties of the material like length, cross-sectional area, and resistivity, and that power is calculated based on voltage, current, and resistance as defined by Ohm's Law.
Basics Of Electricity
The document provides an overview of basics of electricity including:
1) A brief history of electrical power systems and key inventors like Thomas Edison, Frank Julian Sprague, Nikola Tesla, and William Stanley.
2) Descriptions of electrons, protons, voltage, current, resistance, and basic electric circuits.
3) Explanations of conductors, insulators, electromagnetic fields, and other fundamental concepts.
Electricity(physics)
Electricity can be summarized as follows:
1. Electricity is a type of energy caused by the flow of electrons from negative to positive points. Charge is measured in coulombs and current is the rate of flow of electric charge measured in amperes.
2. Kirchhoff's laws describe the fundamental rules of circuit analysis regarding voltage and current. Ohm's law defines the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in circuits.
3. There are different types of circuits including series, parallel and combinations. Components behave differently depending on the circuit type regarding voltage and current.
Electricity
Electricity and its uses were presented. Electricity flows as an electric current from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of a circuit. Current is measured in Amperes and is proportional to the amount of charge flowing across a conductor per unit time. There are two types of electric charge: positive and negative. Opposite charges attract while like charges repel. Electric circuits use symbols to represent components and diagrams to show how components are connected. Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it. Resistance opposes the flow of current and can be measured in Ohms.
ec ppt
Okay, here are the steps to solve this problem:
1) The circuit consists of two resistors (R1 and R2) in series. So we can find the total resistance (Rt) by adding the individual resistances:
Rt = R1 + R2
= 2 Ω + 3 Ω
= 5 Ω
2) Use Ohm's Law to calculate the current drawn (I) from the battery:
V = I × R
5 V = I × 5 Ω
I = 5 V/5 Ω
= 1 A
Therefore, the current drawn from the 5 volt battery is 1 Ampere (1 A).
Process Instrumentation & Control
Introduction to electrical circuit theory and process instrumentation and control as it applies to the day to day operation in a Chemical plants.
power in oil rig.pdf
The research is about (power in oil rig ) after a short description in a basic of electricity and OHM's law , we explained about power in general . at last we searched about the type of power in oil rig we descript (Electric & Mechanical Drilling Rig , Mechanical Drilling Rigs Advantages and Disadvantages , Electric Drilling Rig , Electric Drilling Rig Advantage , DC (SCR) Drilling Rig , AC (VFD) Drilling Rig , AC versus DC Drilling Rig , AC Drilling Rig Advantages , Size according to depth , Typical power range )
Data Logging
This document describes an experiment conducted by students to verify Ohm's Law through data logging. The students measured the voltage and current in a circuit with a 11.2 ohm resistor using a PASPORT Interface. They recorded 10 voltage and current readings and calculated the slope, finding it to be close to the measured resistance. The experiment allowed them to experimentally confirm the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance described by Ohm's Law.
Current Electricity- Dr. Diksha Gondkar, MPT (Neuro)
Content:-
1. EMF
2. Resistance: Combination of resistance in series and parallel
Ohms Law
3. D.C., A.C.
4. Devices for regulating current: Identification, functioning & Uses- Rheostat, Potentiometer, Ammeters,
5. Thermal effects of electric current
Current electricity
Current electricity involves the flow of electric charge through a conductor. A potential difference, known as voltage, is needed to drive the flow of charge from a point of high electric potential to low electric potential.
Potential difference is the work done per unit charge to move electric charge from one point to another. It is measured in volts. Electromotive force is the potential difference across the terminals of a device like a cell or generator when no current is flowing. A cell provides an electromotive force that sets up a potential difference across circuit components, driving current through them.
Resistance opposes the flow of electric current in a circuit. Resistance depends on the material, length, cross-sectional area, and temperature
Current electricity
Ideal for school presentations, and contains a lot of interesting information. This presentation is contains good animations to make it interesting. Please forgive me for the small spelling mistakes that I have made.
Electricity
This document provides information about electricity and magnetism concepts related to physics achievement standard 2.6. It defines key terms like current, voltage, resistance, and power. It explains physical relationships like Ohm's law. It also describes common circuit components like batteries, resistors, switches, and how components are arranged in series and parallel circuits. Magnetic concepts like the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field are also covered.
Electricity ppt for class 10
1. The document discusses electricity and various electrical concepts like charge, current, voltage, resistance, and circuits. It defines these terms and explains properties and relationships between concepts.
2. Key points covered include that electricity is the flow of electrons in a circuit, current is the rate of flow of charge, and Ohm's Law defines the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance.
3. The document also compares series and parallel circuits, explaining that series circuits have higher total resistance while parallel circuits have lower total resistance.
Current & Ohms Law 03 2000
This document provides an overview of basic electricity concepts including current, Ohm's law, and circuit components. It defines current as the rate of electron flow measured in amperes. Ohm's law states that current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance. The document explains how Ohm's law can be used to calculate any of the variables in a circuit if two are known. Circuit diagrams and the water analogy are used to illustrate these concepts.
BEE.pdf
This document provides an overview of an electrical circuits power point presentation for a B.Tech II semester engineering course. The presentation was prepared by several course instructors and covers topics such as potential difference, basic circuit components, Ohm's law, series and parallel circuits, Kirchhoff's laws, and mesh analysis. It defines key concepts like voltage, current, resistance, and power. Examples are provided to illustrate calculations for series, parallel and compound circuits. Transformation techniques like star-delta are also explained. The goal is to introduce foundational electrical circuit analysis concepts.
Basic Principles of Electricity
This document provides an overview of basic electricity principles including:
- Electricity is a form of energy generated by friction, induction, or chemical change that has magnetic, chemical, and radiant effects.
- There are two types of electricity: static electricity caused by friction and current electricity produced by moving electrons.
- Key concepts include voltage, current, resistance, circuits, and Ohm's Law. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel.
- Proper wire sizing and circuit protection devices like fuses or circuit breakers are important for standard home wiring specifications.
Chapter 33
The document discusses series and parallel circuits. It provides three laws for each:
1) For series circuits, total resistance equals the sum of individual resistances, current is constant, and voltage drops across each resistance.
2) For parallel circuits, total resistance is less than the smallest branch, voltage is the same across each branch, and total current equals the sum of branch currents.
3) Methods for calculating total resistance in parallel circuits include treating each branch separately and using the formula for two resistors in parallel.
Basic Elec 1.pptx
This document defines basic electrical concepts and components. It aims to explain electricity, current, voltage, resistance, Ohm's law, and the differences between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). Key points covered include the basic particles that make up electric charge, the three classifications of materials as conductors, insulators or semiconductors, circuit diagrams, and formulas for power, current, voltage and resistance.
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Fairylights...Principles and Definition of Ohms Law
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Current Electricity- Dr. Diksha Gondkar, MPT (Neuro)
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More from Daniel McClelland
Every Equation
The document discusses key physics concepts related to motion, forces, energy, and electricity. It defines terms like speed, velocity, acceleration, force, work, power, kinetic energy, potential energy, current, voltage, and resistance. Formulas are provided for calculating these values along with example problems and explanations of physics principles.
Science Double Award syllabus
This document provides information on the GCSE Science: Double Award qualification offered by CCEA, including the aims, assessment objectives, scheme of assessment, subject content, and grade descriptions. It describes two routes to the qualification - Double Award A (non-modular) and Double Award B (modular). The non-modular route involves exams at the end of the course, while the modular route involves exams and module tests throughout the two years. Both routes require internal assessment of practical and investigative skills.
Electromagnetism
The document discusses how electromagnetic induction works to generate electricity using magnets and coils of wire. It explains that changing magnetic fields can induce currents in conductors and that this principle is used in electrical generators. It also describes how transformers work to change voltage levels, using step-up transformers to increase voltage for long-distance transmission and step-down transformers to decrease voltage for safe household use.
GPE and Kinetic Energy
- Gravitational potential energy (GPE) is the energy an object gains when lifted against gravity, and is equal to the weight of the object multiplied by the height lifted.
- Kinetic energy (KE) is the energy an object possesses due to its motion, and is equal to half the mass of the object multiplied by the square of its speed.
- The total energy of a system is conserved as GPE is converted to KE, such that the GPE lost by an object as it falls is equal to the KE gained. Simple equations can be used to calculate GPE, KE, and speed from mass, height/distance, and weight.
Power
Power is defined in physics as the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. The equation for power is power equals work done divided by time taken, with units of watts. Calculating power involves determining the work done by an object and dividing it by the time taken to perform that work. Examples are provided of calculating the power of a fork lift truck and a mouse running up a curtain.
Earth and Space
The document summarizes key concepts about the solar system, including:
- The solar system is made up of the sun and eight planets that orbit around it, along with moons, asteroids, and comets.
- The earth spins on its axis, causing day and night, and its tilt and orbit around the sun cause the seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres.
- Nuclear fusion in the sun's core converts hydrogen to helium, releasing enormous amounts of energy that allow it to shine.
Waves Basics
This document provides an overview of wave motion, including the following key points:
- There are two types of wave motion: longitudinal waves, where particle motion is parallel to the direction of energy transfer, and transverse waves, where particle motion is perpendicular. Sound waves are longitudinal while light waves are transverse.
- Key wave properties are defined, including wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and speed. The wave equation relating these properties is presented.
- Reflection and refraction of waves is demonstrated using wavefront diagrams, showing how waves change direction at boundaries between mediums. Refraction occurs when waves move from deep to shallow water, changing the wavelength.
Sound
The document discusses how sound waves are created and travel through a medium, and how different sounds are produced based on frequency and amplitude. It provides examples of using sound waves to detect objects in industry and medicine, such as using ultrasound to build images. Calculations are shown for using the speed of sound and time of echoes to determine depths of a seabed and shoal of fish. Potential sources of error are discussed for an experiment measuring the speed of sound in air.
Light
This document summarizes key concepts about light, including:
1. Light travels in straight lines and can be reflected or refracted. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
2. Refraction occurs when light travels from one medium to another of different density, causing the light to bend and change speed. This is demonstrated through experiments with glass blocks.
3. Prisms disperse white light into a visible spectrum due to the different wavelengths of light being refracted different amounts.
4. Mirrors form virtual upright images that are laterally inverted from the object, as shown through ray diagrams. Shadows are formed when light is blocked by an opaque object.
Forces Newton’s Laws
The document discusses Newton's laws of motion and forces. It explains that balanced forces cause no acceleration, while unbalanced forces cause acceleration proportional to force. Newton's first law states that an object remains at rest or in constant motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force. Newton's second law allows calculating acceleration from mass and unbalanced force using F=ma. Centripetal force provides the unbalanced force needed for circular motion.
Forces Basics
The document discusses forces, providing examples of different types of forces including:
- Thrust which causes an object to start moving
- Air resistance which decreases the speed of a parachute opening
- Lift which causes an airplane to change direction during take-off
- Reaction force which causes an F1 car to change shape
It also defines common forces like friction, tension, upthrust, thrust, air resistance, and reaction force, and discusses using force diagrams and a Newton balance to measure forces.
Pressure
The document discusses pressure and provides examples of calculating pressure using the formula pressure = force/area. It explains that pressure is measured in pascals or newtons per square meter. The document also discusses how hydraulic systems use Pascal's principle to multiply force over different piston areas to transmit pressure equally throughout the liquid.
Hooke's law and Moments
The document discusses Hooke's law and moments in physics. It explains that Hooke's law states that the extension of an object is proportional to the applied load as long as the elastic limit is not exceeded. It also defines the terms elasticity, plasticity, extension, and elastic limit. Additionally, it covers the turning effect of forces, or moments, and defines key terms related to moments like pivot, moment equation, and principle of moments.
Centre of Gravity and Stability
The document discusses the center of gravity (CoG) and stability of objects. It defines CoG as the point where the entire weight of an object can be considered to act. For regular shapes, the CoG is at the geometric center. For irregular objects, methods are described to find the CoG using a plumb line and balance point. An object is stable when its CoG is directly above or within its base, and unstable if the CoG falls outside the base, allowing it to more easily rotate. Features like a low CoG and wide base promote stability.
Energy
The document discusses various topics related to energy and physics, including different forms of energy, energy transfer and conservation, energy resources, and generating electricity. It provides examples of energy efficiency calculations and discusses advantages and disadvantages of different energy sources. Key terms like kinetic energy, heat, electricity, and renewable vs non-renewable resources are explained.
Heat transfer
The document discusses the three main types of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. It provides details on how each type occurs. Conduction involves the transfer of heat through direct contact of particles in solids. Convection involves the transfer of heat by the movement of fluids like gases and liquids. Radiation involves the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves emitted by hot objects.
Motion
The document discusses motion, including:
1. Defining displacement and distance travelled.
2. Calculating speed using the equation speed = distance/time.
3. Distinguishing between speed and velocity, with velocity having both magnitude and direction.
Electricity at Home
This document discusses electricity in the home, including:
- How to construct simple circuits with switches controlling electrical devices and drawing circuit diagrams.
- How domestic electricity usage is measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) and how electrical bills are calculated based on the meter reading and cost per kWh.
- Electrical safety features like three-pin plugs with fuses that break circuits if too much current overheats the fuse wire, and selecting the correct fuse rating based on an appliance's power and voltage.
- The difference between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electricity supplied to homes.
Voltage
This document discusses voltage, potential difference, and electromotive force in electric circuits. It defines that in a series circuit, the total voltage is equal to the sum of the voltages across each component. In a parallel circuit, the voltage is the same across each component branch, whereas in a series circuit the current is the same through each component but the voltage splits across them. It provides examples of measuring voltages in series and parallel circuits and explains that the energy transferred per coulomb is equal across the whole circuit due to conservation of energy.
Resistor combinations
This document discusses the combination of resistors in series and parallel circuits and how to calculate the total resistance. It provides the equations for calculating total resistance for resistors in series (Rtotal = R1 + R2) and parallel (1/Rtotal = 1/R1 + 1/R2). Several example calculations are shown applying these equations to circuits with 2-3 resistors in both series and parallel combinations.
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Semi conductors
- 1. RESISTANCE and SEMI CONDUCTORS Breaking the Law! (Ohm’s Law)
- 3. What is the resistance of the wire? At the molecular level what is physically happening?
- 7. (1) Filament Bulb Voltage Current In the bulb as the voltage goes up , so will the heat energy (vibrations of the atoms) and therefore the electrons find it difficult to flow. Resistance (shown by the gradient of the graph) is seen to increase as current increases Current is not proportional to voltage!
- 9. (2) Diode Current Voltage Ohm’s Law is clearly not obeyed as voltage is not directly proportional to current. The diode allows current to flow in one direction only – known as forward bias but only at a definite voltage (usually about 0.6V).
- 10. Pump Load Valve
- 15. They are used in electrical circuits to switch on components automatically.