This document summarizes a research paper on selecting passive components for a Cockroft-Walton voltage multiplier circuit to generate high voltages for educational laboratories. It describes criteria for selecting the number of stages, capacitors, and diodes in the circuit based on the required output voltage and allowable ripple. Simulation results show the effect of these selections on ripple voltage at different stages. The selection approach aims to minimize ripple at the final stage by reducing it at earlier stages, requiring non-equal capacitor values. This circuit can generate up to 100kV for laboratory experiments in a low-cost manner.
1 ijaems oct-2015-3-design and development of novel matrix converter performanceINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Matrix converter is a direct AC-AC converter topology that directly converts energy from an AC source to an AC load without the need of a bulky and limited lifetime energy storage element. Due to the significant advantages offered by matrix converter, such as adjustable power factor, capability of regeneration and high quality sinusoidal input/output waveforms. Matrix converter has been one of the AC–AC topologies that hasreceived extensive research attention for being an alternative to replace traditional AC-DC-AC converters in the variable voltage and variable frequency AC drive applications. In the present paper an indirect space vector modulated matrix converter is proposed. The basic idea of an indirect modulation scheme is to separately apply SVM to the rectification and inversion stages, before combining their switching states to produce the final gating signals. The paper encompasses development of a laboratory prototype of 230V, 250VA three phase to three phase DSP controlled matrix converter fed induction motor drive. The observations and real time testings have been carried out to evaluate and improve the stability of system under various typical abnormal input voltage conditions
Dynamic model of A DC-DC quasi-Z-source converter (q-ZSC)IJECEIAES
Two quasi-Z-source DC-DC converters (q-ZSCs) with buck-boost converter gain were recently proposed. The converters have advantages of continuous gain curve, higher gain magnitude and buck-boost operation at efficient duty ratio range when compared with existing q-ZSCs. Accurate dynamic models of these converters are needed for global and detailed overview by understanding their operation limits and effects of components sizes. A dynamic model of one of these converters is proposed here by first deriving the gain equation, state equations and state space model. A generalized small signal model was also derived before localizing it to this topology. The transfer functions (TF) were all derived, the poles and zeros analyzed with the boundaries for stable operations presented and discussed. Some of the findings include existence of right-hand plane (RHP) zero in the duty ratio to output capacitor voltage TF. This is common to the Z-source and quasi-Z-source topologies and implies control limitations. Parasitic resistances of the capacitors and inductors affect the nature and positions of the poles and zeros. It was also found and verified that rather than symmetric components, use of carefully selected smaller asymmetric components L1 and C1 produces less parasitic voltage drop, higher output voltage and current under the same conditions, thus better efficiency and performance at reduced cost, size and weight.
Designing Class a Colpitts Oscillator and Analyzing the Effect of DC Power Su...ijtsrd
Oscillator circuit is one that converts DC power into AC power at a frequency without any input signal. Oscillators are commonly used in communication systems to generate carrier frequency ranging from audio frequency 20 Hz to radio frequency 100G Hz . There are two main classes of oscillators, harmonic oscillator with sinusoidal output e.g. sine wave and relaxation oscillator with non sinusoidal output e.g. square wave, triangle wave, etc. . In this paper, class A Colpitts oscillator with LC feedback circuit is designed as a radio frequency oscillator to generate the output signals at 5M Hz. After designing, this circuit is simulated with Multisim software to analyze the effect of power supply on its frequency stability. Three supply voltages, 14 V, 12 V and 10 V are set as sample parameters to analyze the variation of frequency and voltage of the output signal. Changing DC power supply one by one as the above selected parameters in Multisim, the change of value of frequencies are noted and output signal results are also shown with the help of virtual oscillator. Thit Waso Khine "Designing Class a Colpitts Oscillator and Analyzing the Effect of DC Power Supply on its Frequency Stability" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28022.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/28022/designing-class-a-colpitts-oscillator-and-analyzing-the-effect-of-dc-power-supply-on-its-frequency-stability/thit-waso-khine
A Proposed Method for Evaluating the Optimum Load Impedance in Negative Resis...Firas Mohammed Ali Al-Raie
This paper presents an analytical method for estimating the optimum load impedance in negative resistance RF oscillators. A practical oscillator circuit has been designed and implemented as a confirmation to this approach.
A charge recycling three phase dual rail pre charge logic based flip-flopVLSICS Design
Providing resistance against side channel attacks especially differential power analysis (DPA) attacks,
which aim at disclosing the secret key of cryptographic algorithm is one of the biggest challenges of
designers of cryptographic devices. In this paper design of novel data flip-flop compatible with three-phase
dual-rail logic (TDPL), called Charge recycling TDPL flip-flop is investigated. The new flip-flop uses
inverters that uses the charge recycling technique where charge stored on high output node during
evaluation phase is used to partially charge the low output node in subsequent pre-charge phases. As a
result less charge comes from the power supply thus lowering the power consumption. Simulation results in
Cadence Virtuoso 45 nm CMOS process show improvement in power consumption in inverter up to 60%
while CRTDPL flip-flop consumes around 50% less power compared to TDPL flip-flop.
1 ijaems oct-2015-3-design and development of novel matrix converter performanceINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Matrix converter is a direct AC-AC converter topology that directly converts energy from an AC source to an AC load without the need of a bulky and limited lifetime energy storage element. Due to the significant advantages offered by matrix converter, such as adjustable power factor, capability of regeneration and high quality sinusoidal input/output waveforms. Matrix converter has been one of the AC–AC topologies that hasreceived extensive research attention for being an alternative to replace traditional AC-DC-AC converters in the variable voltage and variable frequency AC drive applications. In the present paper an indirect space vector modulated matrix converter is proposed. The basic idea of an indirect modulation scheme is to separately apply SVM to the rectification and inversion stages, before combining their switching states to produce the final gating signals. The paper encompasses development of a laboratory prototype of 230V, 250VA three phase to three phase DSP controlled matrix converter fed induction motor drive. The observations and real time testings have been carried out to evaluate and improve the stability of system under various typical abnormal input voltage conditions
Dynamic model of A DC-DC quasi-Z-source converter (q-ZSC)IJECEIAES
Two quasi-Z-source DC-DC converters (q-ZSCs) with buck-boost converter gain were recently proposed. The converters have advantages of continuous gain curve, higher gain magnitude and buck-boost operation at efficient duty ratio range when compared with existing q-ZSCs. Accurate dynamic models of these converters are needed for global and detailed overview by understanding their operation limits and effects of components sizes. A dynamic model of one of these converters is proposed here by first deriving the gain equation, state equations and state space model. A generalized small signal model was also derived before localizing it to this topology. The transfer functions (TF) were all derived, the poles and zeros analyzed with the boundaries for stable operations presented and discussed. Some of the findings include existence of right-hand plane (RHP) zero in the duty ratio to output capacitor voltage TF. This is common to the Z-source and quasi-Z-source topologies and implies control limitations. Parasitic resistances of the capacitors and inductors affect the nature and positions of the poles and zeros. It was also found and verified that rather than symmetric components, use of carefully selected smaller asymmetric components L1 and C1 produces less parasitic voltage drop, higher output voltage and current under the same conditions, thus better efficiency and performance at reduced cost, size and weight.
Designing Class a Colpitts Oscillator and Analyzing the Effect of DC Power Su...ijtsrd
Oscillator circuit is one that converts DC power into AC power at a frequency without any input signal. Oscillators are commonly used in communication systems to generate carrier frequency ranging from audio frequency 20 Hz to radio frequency 100G Hz . There are two main classes of oscillators, harmonic oscillator with sinusoidal output e.g. sine wave and relaxation oscillator with non sinusoidal output e.g. square wave, triangle wave, etc. . In this paper, class A Colpitts oscillator with LC feedback circuit is designed as a radio frequency oscillator to generate the output signals at 5M Hz. After designing, this circuit is simulated with Multisim software to analyze the effect of power supply on its frequency stability. Three supply voltages, 14 V, 12 V and 10 V are set as sample parameters to analyze the variation of frequency and voltage of the output signal. Changing DC power supply one by one as the above selected parameters in Multisim, the change of value of frequencies are noted and output signal results are also shown with the help of virtual oscillator. Thit Waso Khine "Designing Class a Colpitts Oscillator and Analyzing the Effect of DC Power Supply on its Frequency Stability" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28022.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/28022/designing-class-a-colpitts-oscillator-and-analyzing-the-effect-of-dc-power-supply-on-its-frequency-stability/thit-waso-khine
A Proposed Method for Evaluating the Optimum Load Impedance in Negative Resis...Firas Mohammed Ali Al-Raie
This paper presents an analytical method for estimating the optimum load impedance in negative resistance RF oscillators. A practical oscillator circuit has been designed and implemented as a confirmation to this approach.
A charge recycling three phase dual rail pre charge logic based flip-flopVLSICS Design
Providing resistance against side channel attacks especially differential power analysis (DPA) attacks,
which aim at disclosing the secret key of cryptographic algorithm is one of the biggest challenges of
designers of cryptographic devices. In this paper design of novel data flip-flop compatible with three-phase
dual-rail logic (TDPL), called Charge recycling TDPL flip-flop is investigated. The new flip-flop uses
inverters that uses the charge recycling technique where charge stored on high output node during
evaluation phase is used to partially charge the low output node in subsequent pre-charge phases. As a
result less charge comes from the power supply thus lowering the power consumption. Simulation results in
Cadence Virtuoso 45 nm CMOS process show improvement in power consumption in inverter up to 60%
while CRTDPL flip-flop consumes around 50% less power compared to TDPL flip-flop.
A mho type phase comparator relay guideline using phase comparison technique ...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a mho distance relay simulation based on the phase comparison technique using a typical electrical power systems analysis software for two cases: when the operation state is close to the static voltage limit and during a dynamic perturbation in the system. The paper evaluates the impedance variations caused by complex voltage values, the mho polarization, and the comparator operating region into the complex plane. In addition, the paper found the information for the dynamic perturbations from the outputs considering a mid-term stability program. The simulation of the mho-phase comparator in the static voltage proximity limit detects unit distance elements with impedance measured close to reach the threshold in the steady-state. Dynamic mho simulations in the complex plane are successfully tested by plotting time phase difference curves on the comparator input signals. Relay programmers can use these curves to analyze other phase comparators applications and the corresponding models in the complex plane.
This paper presents an analytical comparison between two-level inverter and three-level neutral point diode clamped inverters for electric vehicle traction purposes. The main objective of the research is to declare the main differences in the performance of the two inverter schemes in terms of the switching and conduction losses over an entire domain of the modulation index and the phase angle distribution, steady-state operation, transient operation at a wide range of speed variation, and the total harmonic distortion THD% of the line voltage output waveform. It also declares the analysis of the three-level neutral point diode clamped inverter (NPCI) obstacle and the unbalance of the DC-link capacitor voltages. The introduced scheme presents an Induction Motor (IM) drive for electric vehicle (EV) applications. Considering the dynamic operation of the EV, the speed of the three-phase induction motor is controlled using a scalar V/Hz control for the full range of the IM power factor (PF). A comprehensive MATLAB/Simulink model for the proposed scheme is established.
POWER COMPARISON OF CMOS AND ADIABATIC FULL ADDER CIRCUITSVLSICS Design
Full adders are important components in applications such as digital signal processors (DSP) architectures and microprocessors. Apart from the basic addition adders also used in performing useful operations such as subtraction, multiplication, division, address calculation, etc. In most of these systemsthe adder lies in the critical path that determines the overall performance of the system. In this paper conventional complementary metal oxide emiconductor (CMOS) and adiabatic adder circuits are analyzed in terms of power and transistor count using 0.18UM technology.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Fuzzy based control of Transformer less Coupled inductor based DC-DC converterIJERA Editor
Most of the industrial applications use any one of the basic DC-DC converter configurations namely buck,
boost, buck–boost, and Cuk converters. These converters are non-isolating converters. Buck-boost converters
use inductors for storing energy from the source and release the same to load or output. This results in high
stress across magnetic components. This drawback restricts usage of buck-boost converters to low power
applications. Flyback converters popularly have known as buck-boost converters uses transformers for
achieving wide range of step down and step up voltages. Coupled inductor based converters or tapped inductor
based converters are used for achieving wide input – wide output conversion ratios. Coherent transition between
step-down and step-up modes is achieved by a proper control scheme. This paper proposes fuzzy logic based
closed loop control scheme for control of converter switches. Theoretical derivations of control parameters with
their membership values, mamdani based rules for development of fuzzy rules and simulation results of a
coupled inductor based DC-DC converter using MATLAB / SIMULINK are concluded.
This paper presents the design of folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). This
design has been implemented in 0.18um CMOS Technology using Cadence. Spectre simulation shows
that the OTA has flat gain of 47dB from 1Hz to 100 KHz frequency, indicating stability of OTA, noise
ranges as 22.49769nV/ at 10Hz to 66.89128fV/ at 1MHz and average power as 0.770mW. In
this paper, we will be studying the design concepts, analysis of operational transconductance amplifier
which is used for recording the bio signals. This paper plays a key role in real time applications for
equipment designing of ECG, EEG, EMG, ENG devices. It is also used in recording and also for
treatment of Paralysis, Epilepsy, Neuro diseases etc.,
Design & Simulation Of 3-Phase, 15-Level Inverter with Reverse Voltage TopologyIJERA Editor
Multilevel inverters have been widely accepted for high-power high-voltage applications. Their performance is highly superior to that of conventional Seven-level inverters due to reduced harmonic distortion, lower electromagnetic interference, and higher dc link voltages. In this paper, a new topology with a reversing-voltage component is proposed to improve the multilevel performance. This topology requires fewer components compared to existing inverters (particularly in higher levels) and requires fewer carrier signals and gate drives. Therefore, thecomplexity is greatly reduced particularly for higher output voltage levels. The Proposed 15-level inverter is modelled and simulated in Matlab 2012a using Simulink and Sim Power Systems set tool boxes
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design of a Low Power Combinational Circuit by using Adiabatic LogicIJERA Editor
A novel low power and Positive Feedback Adiabatic Logic (PFAL) combinational low power circuit is presented in this paper. The power consumption and general characteristics of the PFAL combinationallow power circuit arethen compared against two combinational low power circuit Efficient Charge Recovery Logic (ECRL), Conventional CMOS. The proposed PFAL combinational low power circuit design was proven to be superior to the other two designs in power dissipation and area. The combination of low power and low transistor count makes the new PFAL cell a viable option for low power design.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A mho type phase comparator relay guideline using phase comparison technique ...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a mho distance relay simulation based on the phase comparison technique using a typical electrical power systems analysis software for two cases: when the operation state is close to the static voltage limit and during a dynamic perturbation in the system. The paper evaluates the impedance variations caused by complex voltage values, the mho polarization, and the comparator operating region into the complex plane. In addition, the paper found the information for the dynamic perturbations from the outputs considering a mid-term stability program. The simulation of the mho-phase comparator in the static voltage proximity limit detects unit distance elements with impedance measured close to reach the threshold in the steady-state. Dynamic mho simulations in the complex plane are successfully tested by plotting time phase difference curves on the comparator input signals. Relay programmers can use these curves to analyze other phase comparators applications and the corresponding models in the complex plane.
This paper presents an analytical comparison between two-level inverter and three-level neutral point diode clamped inverters for electric vehicle traction purposes. The main objective of the research is to declare the main differences in the performance of the two inverter schemes in terms of the switching and conduction losses over an entire domain of the modulation index and the phase angle distribution, steady-state operation, transient operation at a wide range of speed variation, and the total harmonic distortion THD% of the line voltage output waveform. It also declares the analysis of the three-level neutral point diode clamped inverter (NPCI) obstacle and the unbalance of the DC-link capacitor voltages. The introduced scheme presents an Induction Motor (IM) drive for electric vehicle (EV) applications. Considering the dynamic operation of the EV, the speed of the three-phase induction motor is controlled using a scalar V/Hz control for the full range of the IM power factor (PF). A comprehensive MATLAB/Simulink model for the proposed scheme is established.
POWER COMPARISON OF CMOS AND ADIABATIC FULL ADDER CIRCUITSVLSICS Design
Full adders are important components in applications such as digital signal processors (DSP) architectures and microprocessors. Apart from the basic addition adders also used in performing useful operations such as subtraction, multiplication, division, address calculation, etc. In most of these systemsthe adder lies in the critical path that determines the overall performance of the system. In this paper conventional complementary metal oxide emiconductor (CMOS) and adiabatic adder circuits are analyzed in terms of power and transistor count using 0.18UM technology.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Fuzzy based control of Transformer less Coupled inductor based DC-DC converterIJERA Editor
Most of the industrial applications use any one of the basic DC-DC converter configurations namely buck,
boost, buck–boost, and Cuk converters. These converters are non-isolating converters. Buck-boost converters
use inductors for storing energy from the source and release the same to load or output. This results in high
stress across magnetic components. This drawback restricts usage of buck-boost converters to low power
applications. Flyback converters popularly have known as buck-boost converters uses transformers for
achieving wide range of step down and step up voltages. Coupled inductor based converters or tapped inductor
based converters are used for achieving wide input – wide output conversion ratios. Coherent transition between
step-down and step-up modes is achieved by a proper control scheme. This paper proposes fuzzy logic based
closed loop control scheme for control of converter switches. Theoretical derivations of control parameters with
their membership values, mamdani based rules for development of fuzzy rules and simulation results of a
coupled inductor based DC-DC converter using MATLAB / SIMULINK are concluded.
This paper presents the design of folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). This
design has been implemented in 0.18um CMOS Technology using Cadence. Spectre simulation shows
that the OTA has flat gain of 47dB from 1Hz to 100 KHz frequency, indicating stability of OTA, noise
ranges as 22.49769nV/ at 10Hz to 66.89128fV/ at 1MHz and average power as 0.770mW. In
this paper, we will be studying the design concepts, analysis of operational transconductance amplifier
which is used for recording the bio signals. This paper plays a key role in real time applications for
equipment designing of ECG, EEG, EMG, ENG devices. It is also used in recording and also for
treatment of Paralysis, Epilepsy, Neuro diseases etc.,
Design & Simulation Of 3-Phase, 15-Level Inverter with Reverse Voltage TopologyIJERA Editor
Multilevel inverters have been widely accepted for high-power high-voltage applications. Their performance is highly superior to that of conventional Seven-level inverters due to reduced harmonic distortion, lower electromagnetic interference, and higher dc link voltages. In this paper, a new topology with a reversing-voltage component is proposed to improve the multilevel performance. This topology requires fewer components compared to existing inverters (particularly in higher levels) and requires fewer carrier signals and gate drives. Therefore, thecomplexity is greatly reduced particularly for higher output voltage levels. The Proposed 15-level inverter is modelled and simulated in Matlab 2012a using Simulink and Sim Power Systems set tool boxes
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design of a Low Power Combinational Circuit by using Adiabatic LogicIJERA Editor
A novel low power and Positive Feedback Adiabatic Logic (PFAL) combinational low power circuit is presented in this paper. The power consumption and general characteristics of the PFAL combinationallow power circuit arethen compared against two combinational low power circuit Efficient Charge Recovery Logic (ECRL), Conventional CMOS. The proposed PFAL combinational low power circuit design was proven to be superior to the other two designs in power dissipation and area. The combination of low power and low transistor count makes the new PFAL cell a viable option for low power design.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Lightning Characteristics and Impulse Voltage.Milton Sarker
Lightning characteristics and standard impulse
waveform are related to each other. But the lack
of realization about the relation between them
would make the solution to produce better
protection against lightning surge becomes
harder. Natural lightning surge waveform has
been compared to standard impulse waveform as
evidence that there have similarity between
them. The standard impulse waveform could be
used to test the strength of electrical equipment
against the lightning. Therefore designing and
simulating the impulse generator are the purpose
of this project beside to get better understanding
about lightning characteristics. This project aims
to develop an impulse generator circuit. The
main objectives of this work are two folds: the
first is the characterization of impulse voltages
and the second is the designing of an impulse
voltage generator. Our working purpose is to
give a concept about Impulse voltages and
impulse generator to the students and
researchers.
An Approach to Voltage Quality Enhancement by Introduction of CWVM for Distri...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presented with problems related with voltage flicker in power
system networks. Several international standard issued to control the voltage
flicker are briefly described and some important methods to analyse
electrical circuits with sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal waveforms are
introduced and evaluated. One of these methods-Cockcroft Walton Voltage
Multiplier (CWVM) has been used to increase the voltage of a filter, which is
also described in this paper as a practical application. The filter can
compensate for harmonic currents, power factor, and unbalance voltage.The
simulation results using Multisimare presented, showing that good dynamic
and steady-state response can be achieved with this approach.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Study and implementation of comparator in cmos 50 nm technologyeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper describes the comparator circuits used in FLASH Analog to digital converter (ADC). The performance of FLASH ADC is greatly influenced by the choice of comparator. In this paper, first a single ended “Threshold Inverter Quantizer” (TIQ) is presented. The TIQ comparator is based on a CMOS inverter cell, in which voltage transfer characteristics (VTC) are changed by systematic transistor sizing. However, TIQ comparator is very sensitive to power supply noise. Another comparator circuit presented in this paper is “Two stage open loop comparator”. It is implemented in 50 nm CMOS Technology. Pre-simulation of comparator is done in LT-Spice and post layout simulation is done in Microwind 3.1. Keywords: CMOS, Comparator, TIQ (Threshold Inverter Quantizer), LT-Spice.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers