The document describes key figures and developments of the Scientific Revolution. It introduced new ideas like Copernicus' heliocentric model, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, Galileo's support of Kepler through observations of Jupiter's moons, and Newton's laws of gravity and motion. Figures like Galileo, Descartes, Harvey, Hooke, and Vesalius advanced science through new empirical methods like experimentation and observation, replacing older mystical and tradition-based views of the natural world.

1. The Scientific Revolution
Section 1: New Scientific Ideas

2. Why a “Revolution”
• In with the New
• Early Modern
– Observation leads to
hypothesis
– Reason
– Asking why and
questioning your
surroundings
• Out w/the Old
• Medieval
– Magic
– Mysticism
– Ancient writings

3. Bad Science
• Bad Science
• Ptolemy's Structure:
• Planets are fixed in
space
• WE FOUND GOD…
at the edge of the
universe

4. Nicolaus Copernicus
• Heliocentric: sun is at
the center of the
universe.
• Earth’s Axis
– Rotation & Revolution
• Friends publish studies
just before he dies

5. Copernicus’ Universe

6. Johannes Kepler
(Protestant)
• German astronomer
and mathematician
• Proved (w/math)
1. Earth does revolve
around the Sun
2. Orbit is an ellipse
3. Planets move faster
approaching sun…

7. Galileo Galilei
(Catholic)
Italian mathematician
• Observations of
moons of Jupiter
support Kepler’s
views
• Universal law of
physics: inertia

8. Galileo’s Trial
• The Catholic
Church couldn’t
have someone
question their
knowledge/power
• Galileo’s theories
were dangerous

10. Sir Isaac Newton
• Devised the law of
gravity & Newton’s
Laws of Motion
• Gravity
– Why we don’t fly off the
earth
– Why planets move
• Calculus

11. Sir Francis Bacon
• English Philosopher
• Ideas based on
tradition or unproven
facts should be
discarded
• Helps develop the
Scientific Method

12. The Scientific Method
• Watch, Guess, Test,
Repeat
• Same answer ALL of
the time = LAW
• TRUTH is deduced
through reason and
experimentation

13. Maria Winkelmann
• Trained as an
astronomer by her
father.
• When her husband
dies, she tries to
find work on her
own.
• Denied because she
was a woman

14. Rene Descartes
• Truth MUST come
from Reason
• Doubts everything
• (illusions)
• “I think, therefore I
am”

16. Count the Black Dots

17. Are the lines crooked or straight?

18. How many legs does the elephant
have?

19. Read the Sign Aloud

20. Face or Eskimo?

21. Musician or Woman’s Face?

22. How many faces do you see?

25. Robert Hooke
• Uses microscope to
discover “cells”

27. Andreas Vesalius
• The study of Anatomy
– Problem: Based on
Galen’s findings
– Solution: Dissect
human corpses
• On the Structure of the
Human Body
– 1

29. William Harvey
• Not so fast Vesalius
• Circulation of the
Blood
– Heart = Pump
– Blood out = Arteries
– Blood in = Veins
– Circulatory System

30. Circulatory System

31. Summary
• The Scientific Revolution was a radical
change in Europe. It brought new ideas and
theories and challenged current thought.
The Scientific Revolution has shaped
modern science.