The document discusses key figures and developments during the Age of Reason (17th-18th centuries) including: - Hippocrates who rejected disease as supernatural punishment and established the Hippocratic Oath. - Euclid who founded mathematics and wrote the influential textbook "Elements". - Copernicus and Galileo who proposed and supported the heliocentric model of the solar system, challenging biblical views. - Sir Isaac Newton who discovered gravity and laws of motion and developed calculus. - Advances in many fields including astronomy, chemistry, anatomy through figures like Halley, Herschel, Paracelsus, Vesalius, Harvey, Jenner, Boyle, and Lavoisier.

1. The Age of Reason
• The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in
Europe are called the Age of Reason
– Many believed that reason could replace faith in
the Bible
– Emphasis on man’s ability often turned people
away from the Creator

2. Contributions from the Past

3. Hippocrates
• Father of Medicine
• Rejected notion that disease was a
supernatural punishment by the gods

4. Hippocrates

5. Hippocratic Oath (original)
I will prescribe regiments for the good of my
patients according to my ability and my
judgment and never do harm to anyone
I will not give a lethal drug to anyone if I am
asked, nor will I advise such a plan; and similarly
I will not give a woman a pessary (device) to
cause an abortion.

6. In every house where I come I will enter only for
the good of my patients.
If I keep this oath faithfully, may I enjoy my life
and practice my art…but if I swerve from it or
violate it, may the reverse be my lot.

7. Euclid
• Father of Geometry
• Founded a school of Mathematics
• His textbook, Elements, formed the basis for
all geometry textbooks

8. Euclid

9. Eratosthenes
• Determined the distance around the earth
• Devised the lines of latitude and longitude
found on maps today.

10. Albert the Great
• A Dominican friar
• Played an important role in introducing
Muslim documents to medieval universities

11. Albert the Great

12. Roger Bacon
• Made significant contributions in the areas of
physics, geography and optics

13. Roger Bacon

14. • Medieval science came to a sudden halt with
the appearance of the Black Death
• During the Renaissance, tradition was
replaced with observations
– Scientists experimented, recorded findings, and
reached conclusions

15. Copernicus
• He believed that the earth revolved around
the sun, not the sun around the earth.

16. Copernicus

17. Galileo Galilei
• Used the telescope to support Copernicus’s
ideas

18. Galileo Galilei

19. • People were scared of Copernicus and
Galileo’s findings.
– If they were right, the Bible must be wrong
because is says that the sun appears to move
through the heavens
– Also if the earth, man’s home, is not at the center
of the universe, then perhaps man is not
important in this world.

20. Sir Isaac Newton
• Discovered the laws of gravity and motion
• Developed an advanced form of calculus
• Invented the reflecting telescope

21. Sir Isaac Newton

22. Edmond Halley
• Recorded the position and motion of
hundreds of stars.
• Developed theory about the orbit of comets

23. Edmond Halley

25. Sir William Herschel
• Discovered the planet Uranus
• Built a massive forty-foot long telescope

26. Sir William Herschel

27. Paracelsus
• Stated the body was mostly chemicals and
should be treated with chemicals

28. Paracelsus

29. Andreas Vesalius
• Developed his work on anatomy by dissecting
human bodies

30. Andreas Vesalius

32. William Harvey
• Discovered that blood is pumped by the heart
and travels through the body in blood vessels

33. William Harvey

34. Edward Jenner
• Discovered a way to prevent people from
getting smallpox through a vaccine

35. Edward Jenner

37. Robert Boyle
• Contributed to Chemistry with his work with
gases
• He was a Christian who lectured in defense of
Christianity

38. Robert Boyle

39. Antoine Lavoisier
• Father of Modern Chemistry
• Named Oxygen and Hydrogen
• Formulated the law of conservation of matter
– matter cannot be created or destroyed,
rather, it can only change form
• Assembled the first known list of elements

40. Antoine Lavoisier

41. Three mathematical improvements
1. Use of Arabic numbers
2. The decimal point
3. Mathematical notation
Five thousand, three hundred seventy five plus
ten thousand, six hundred fifty three