This document discusses different types of matter and changes in matter. It defines key terms like elements, compounds, mixtures, solutions, suspensions, and colloids. It explains that a pure substance has a uniform composition while a mixture's composition can vary. Physical properties can be observed without changing a substance's composition, while chemical properties involve changes in composition. Common separation methods like filtration and distillation are also outlined. The document stresses that physical changes do not alter a substance's composition, while chemical changes produce new substances.

1. Chapter 2
MatisonMGraland

2. 2.1 vocabulary
A pure substance is matter that has exactly the same composition
An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
An atom is the smallest particle in an element
A compound is a substance that is made from t wo or more simpler substances and can be broken down
into those simpler substances.
In a heterogeneous mixture, the parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another.
In a homogeneous mixture, the substances are so evenly distributed that it is difficult to distinguish
one substance in the mixture from another.
A solution is when substances dissolve to create a homogeneous mixture.
A suspension is a heterogenous mixture that separates into layers over time.
A colloid contains some particles that are intermediate in size bet ween the small particles in a solution
and the larger particles in a suspension.

3. 2.1 Key Content
Every sample of a given substance has the same properties because a substance has a fixed, uniform
composition.
An element has a fixed composition because it contains only one type of atom.
A compound always contains t wo or more elements joined in a fixed proportion.
The properties of a mixture can vary because the composition of a mixture is not fixed.
Based on the size of its largest particles, a mixture can be classified as a solution, a suspension, or a
colloid.

4. How to Classify Matter
Matter
No Is it uniform Yes
throughout?
Heterogeneous mixture Homogeneous
No Can it be separated by Yes
physical means?
Homogeneous mixture
Pure Substance
(solution)
No Can it be decomposed Yes
into other substances
by chemical means?
Element Compound

5. 2.2 Vocabulary
A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without
changing the composition of the substances in the material.
Viscosity is the tendency of a liquid to keep it from flowing- its resistance to flowing
Conductivity is a materials ability to allow heat/electricity to flow.
Malleability is the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering.
Melting point is the temperature which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.
Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance boils.
Filtration is a process that separates materials based on the size of their particles.
Distillation is a process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points.
A physical change occurs when some of the properties of a material change, but the substances in the
material change.

6. 2.2 Key Content
Viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, melting point, boiling point, and density are examples of
physical properties.
Physical properties are used to identify a material, to choose a material for a specific purpose, or to
separate the substances in a mixture.
Filtration, and distillation are t wo common separation methods.

7. Solutes and Solvents
Solute (dissolved) Solvent (dissolver) Example
Air (oxygen in
Gas Gas
nitrogen)
Soda water (carbon
Gas Liquid
dioxide into water)
Ocean Water (Salt in
Solid Liquid
water)
Gold Jewelry (copper
Solid Solid
in gold)
Metals dissolved in metals are called alloys.

8. Filtration
A process that
separates materials
based on the size of
their particles +/or
solubility.

9. Distillation
A process that
separates the
substances in a
solution based on
boiling points.

10. Evaporation
A process used to
isolate a substance
that has dissolved in a
liquid.
Property: solubility

11. 2.3 Vocabulary
A chemical property is any ability to produce a change in the composition of matter.
Flammability is a material’s ability to burn in the presence of oxygen.
Reactivity is the property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other
substances.
A chemical change occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances.
Precipitate is any solid that forms and separates from a liquid mixture.

12. 2.3 key content
Chemical properties can be observed only when the substances in a sample of
matter are changing into different substances.
Three common types of evidence for a chemical change are a change in color,
the production of a gas, and the formation of a recipate.
When matter undergoes a chemical change, the composition of the matter
changes. When matter undergoes a physical change, the compositon of the
matter stays the same.

13. Separating water using
Elecrolysis
When you do electrolysis, the hydrogyn and oxogyn
seperate. The compound goes from H20 to H2 + 02.
Since that is not possible, you must double the
water so the equation looks like this: 2(H2O) and
that turns into 2H2 + O2

14. Test Review!!!!!!!

15. What is the difference
bet ween a solution, suspension,
and colloid?

16. What is a physical
property?
What is a physical change?

17. What is a chemical
property?
What is a chemical change?

18. What are the four ways to
recognize a chemical
change?

19. Study Labs as well.

20. If you have any Questions, post
them in the comment section
below!!!
Happy Studying!!!