Schematics, Formulas, Charts: Open Source Technology by Cavetronics
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This is a brief collection of previous Open Source Technology from Brian D Prater of Cavetronics R&D Energy Labs.
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Smart energy harvesing by solar tracking system
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IREECE Hybrid Hex Rotor Poster
This document summarizes a study characterizing a hybrid electric-glow engine power system for multi-rotor helicopters. The system uses a glow engine to drive two propellers and generators to produce electricity and offset the power needs of the remaining four electric rotors. Testing characterized the generators' power output and the glow engine's thrust, power, and fuel consumption with different propellers. Analysis showed only two propeller types were viable. Using one type, the glow engine could run for 22 minutes generating 8.66 Joules; using the other, it could run for 40 minutes generating 4.49 Joules. While this hybrid system cannot provide full lift, it can negate added weight and generate power to extend total
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This document presents a project on a solar tracking system developed by a group of students. It discusses how solar tracking can increase solar panel output by ensuring the panels always face the sun. It includes block diagrams of the system design using a microcontroller and sensors to control stepper motors and adjust the panel orientation. The document also discusses the concept design, Pro-E CAD model, design evaluation, and applications of the solar tracking system.
Output energy maximization of a single axis photovoltaic solar tracking syste...
Output energy maximization of a single axis photovoltaic solar tracking syste...International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems
Major depletion of fossil fuel and the increase of greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide, chloroflurocarbons (CFCs), hydroflurocarbon (HFCs), perflurocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) worldwide are the catalyst for the interest of many counties towards renewable energy. The rising cost of electricity due to higher demand and less resource also led to the renewable energy venture. One of the most famous renewable energy is solar energy. Unfortunately, renewable energies are dependent on environment conditions, too. One of the major problems that affect the output energy of the solar panel is the cloud shadowing problem. Photovoltaic solar and wind hybrid system is capable to reduce the effects of the cloud shadowing by harvesting two different energy resources. However, the availability of wind energy harvesting has shown its instability performance. In this work, the photovoltaic solar array of the laboratory-scale single axis solar tracking system to maximize the output energy of the solar panel is examined experimentally. The solar array is connected in series and parallel configurations, and is experimented under different partical-shadowed conditions. The experimentation is done to develop a solar array that has a minimum effect towards this type of occurances. Experimental results proved that the parallel configured solar panel has showed less influence by the cloud shadowing as compared to the single one.Energy efficient machinery_tammi
Kari Tammi of VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland researches energy efficient machinery and vehicles. Their work includes:
1) Modelling ship energy systems to optimize energy usage and efficiency during design and operation for cruise ships, container ships, and ferries.
2) Evaluating hybrid vehicle concepts using simulation tools.
3) Developing driver aids for buses to minimize energy consumption while maintaining schedules.
4) Researching electrical motors, generators, and energy storage to improve efficiency.
VIBRATIONAL ENERGY HARVESTING POWER FROM ROAD SPEED BRAKER
This document proposes a system to harvest energy from road speed breakers using piezoelectric transducers. It investigates extracting optimal power from speed breakers over a wide speed range to power small portable devices. The system uses piezoelectric plates under speed breakers that convert kinetic energy from passing vehicles into electricity through vibration. This electricity can be stored and used to power applications otherwise not possible due to inaccessibility, providing maintenance-free and cost-effective energy.
Magenetic levitation
Magnetic levitation uses magnetic fields to suspend objects without physical contact. Superconductors that conduct electricity with zero resistance can be used to levitate trains through magnetic fields. When superconductors are cooled below their critical temperature using liquid nitrogen, they are diamagnetic and repel magnetic fields. Maglev trains use superconducting magnets cooled by liquid helium or nitrogen to levitate above guideways through electromagnetic propulsion and braking systems, allowing for contactless travel at speeds over 500 km/h.
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Smart energy harvesing by solar tracking system
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This document summarizes a study characterizing a hybrid electric-glow engine power system for multi-rotor helicopters. The system uses a glow engine to drive two propellers and generators to produce electricity and offset the power needs of the remaining four electric rotors. Testing characterized the generators' power output and the glow engine's thrust, power, and fuel consumption with different propellers. Analysis showed only two propeller types were viable. Using one type, the glow engine could run for 22 minutes generating 8.66 Joules; using the other, it could run for 40 minutes generating 4.49 Joules. While this hybrid system cannot provide full lift, it can negate added weight and generate power to extend total
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Major depletion of fossil fuel and the increase of greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide, chloroflurocarbons (CFCs), hydroflurocarbon (HFCs), perflurocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) worldwide are the catalyst for the interest of many counties towards renewable energy. The rising cost of electricity due to higher demand and less resource also led to the renewable energy venture. One of the most famous renewable energy is solar energy. Unfortunately, renewable energies are dependent on environment conditions, too. One of the major problems that affect the output energy of the solar panel is the cloud shadowing problem. Photovoltaic solar and wind hybrid system is capable to reduce the effects of the cloud shadowing by harvesting two different energy resources. However, the availability of wind energy harvesting has shown its instability performance. In this work, the photovoltaic solar array of the laboratory-scale single axis solar tracking system to maximize the output energy of the solar panel is examined experimentally. The solar array is connected in series and parallel configurations, and is experimented under different partical-shadowed conditions. The experimentation is done to develop a solar array that has a minimum effect towards this type of occurances. Experimental results proved that the parallel configured solar panel has showed less influence by the cloud shadowing as compared to the single one.Energy efficient machinery_tammi
Kari Tammi of VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland researches energy efficient machinery and vehicles. Their work includes:
1) Modelling ship energy systems to optimize energy usage and efficiency during design and operation for cruise ships, container ships, and ferries.
2) Evaluating hybrid vehicle concepts using simulation tools.
3) Developing driver aids for buses to minimize energy consumption while maintaining schedules.
4) Researching electrical motors, generators, and energy storage to improve efficiency.
VIBRATIONAL ENERGY HARVESTING POWER FROM ROAD SPEED BRAKER
This document proposes a system to harvest energy from road speed breakers using piezoelectric transducers. It investigates extracting optimal power from speed breakers over a wide speed range to power small portable devices. The system uses piezoelectric plates under speed breakers that convert kinetic energy from passing vehicles into electricity through vibration. This electricity can be stored and used to power applications otherwise not possible due to inaccessibility, providing maintenance-free and cost-effective energy.
Magenetic levitation
Magnetic levitation uses magnetic fields to suspend objects without physical contact. Superconductors that conduct electricity with zero resistance can be used to levitate trains through magnetic fields. When superconductors are cooled below their critical temperature using liquid nitrogen, they are diamagnetic and repel magnetic fields. Maglev trains use superconducting magnets cooled by liquid helium or nitrogen to levitate above guideways through electromagnetic propulsion and braking systems, allowing for contactless travel at speeds over 500 km/h.
Seminar on Magnetic levitation and its applicaton
Magnetic levitation is the use of magnetic fields to levitate a (usually) metallic object. Manipulating magnetic fields and controlling their forces can levitate an object.
In this process an object is suspended above another with no other support but magnetic fields.
The electromagnetic force is used to counteract the effects of gravitation. But it has also been proved that it is not possible to levitate using static, macroscopic, `classical' electromagnetic fields.
The forces acting on an object in any combination of gravitational, electrostatic, and magnetostatic fields will make the object's position unstable.
The reason a permanent magnet suspended above another magnet is unstable is because the levitated magnet will easily overturn and the force will become attractive. If the levitated magnet is rotated, the gyroscopic forces can prevent the magnet from overturning.
Several possibilities exist to make levitation viable.
It is possible to levitate superconductors and other diamagnetic materials, which magnetise in the opposite sense to a magnetic field in which they are placed.
A superconductor is perfectly diamagnetic which means it expels a magnetic field (Meissner-Ochsenfeld effect). Other diamagnetic materials are commonplace and can also be levitated in a magnetic field if it is strong enough.Diamagnetism is a very weak form of magnetism that is only exhibited in the presence of an external magnetic field.
The induced magnetic moment is very small and in a direction opposite to that of the applied field. When placed between the poles of a strong electromagnet, diamagnetic materials are attracted towards regions where the magnetic field is weak.
Diamagnetism can be used to levitate light pieces of pyrolytic graphite or bismuth above a moderately strong permanent magnet. As water is predominantly diamagnetic, this property has been used to levitate water droplets and even live animals, such as a grasshopper and a frog.
Superconductors are perfect diamagnets and when placed in an external magnetic field expel the field lines from their interiors (better than a diamagnet). The magnet is held at a fixed distance from the superconductor or vice versa. This is the principle in place behind EDS (electrodynamic suspension) maglev trains. The EDS system relies on superconducting magnets.
A maglev is a train, which is suspended in air above the track, and propelled forward using magnetism. Because of the lack of physical contact between the track and vehicle, the only friction is that between the carriages and air. So maglev trains can travel at very high speeds (650 km/h) with reasonable energy consumption and noise levels
Solar Tracking System
This project deals with the CAD design and construction of an automatic Solar Tracking system for Sun Tracking and Sun Following based upon the sun vector and the sun's position at any given time and the position of the sun for any GPS location on the earth. It drives hybrid solar Stirling technology for thermal and electricity generation and finds application in smart microgrid development for power and energy distribution an dispatch in off-grid and grid-tied applications. Automatic sun tracker positioner and control system for a motorized parabolic dish solar reflector and mechatronic solar tracking control system project describes the development and CAD design in a dual-axis sun tracker application for a stand-alone off-grid 3 kW solar electrical self-tracking concentrating solar power system. This autonomous power stand-alone solar tracking application and parabolic collector harness sunlight in a dish Stirling system or concentrated photovoltaic system by implementing a dynamic mechatronic platform and digital electronic control system for an autonomous concentrating solar power for CSP and CPV. The same sun tracker can also be used in solar PV photovoltaic where the solar panels follow the sun throughout the day.
Maglev
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Undergrad_Poster
This document summarizes a study analyzing the potential for a run-of-river hydropower plant with the following key findings:
The optimal design was determined to have a flow of 2.57 m3/s, use a Francis turbine with 92.2 m net head, generate 2.1 MW/yr of power and 5173 MWh/yr of energy. Calculations using RETScreen software found the project would reach the profit breakeven point within 7 years. This estimated annual energy production could supply electricity to around 1400 homes. The study analyzed flow duration curves, developed energy-power curves, and conducted cost-benefit and cash flow analyses to determine the optimal plant capacity.
Iv sem report project final report[735] 1
This document describes a project report submitted by four students for their Bachelor of Technology degree in Electrical Engineering. The report details the design and development of a dual axis solar tracker system. A dual axis solar tracker is able to track the sun's movement across both axes (east-west and north-south) to maximize solar panel exposure and increase energy generation by 35-45% compared to a fixed panel. The system is controlled using an Arduino UNO microcontroller and sensors to position the solar panel towards the strongest sunlight.
Simulation of MPPT Algorithm Based Hybrid Wind-Solar-Fuel Cell Energy System
This paper presents a new system configuration of the front-end rectifier stage for a hybrid
wind/photovoltaic energy system. This configuration allows the two sources to supply the load
separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources. The inherent nature of
this Cuk-SEPIC fused converter, additional input filters are not necessary to filter out high frequency
harmonics. Harmonic content is detrimental for the generator lifespan, heating issues, and efficiency.
The fused multiinput rectifier stage also allows Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) to be used to
extract maximum power from the wind and sun when it is available. An adaptive MPPT algorithm will
be used for the wind system and a standard perturb and observe method will be used for the PV system.
Operational analysis of the proposed system will be discussed in this paper. Simulation results are given
to highlight the merits of the proposed circuit.
Adaptive backstepping control of induction motor powered by photovoltaic gene...
This paper is aimed at addressing the design of an effective adaptive nonlinear control of a photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system powering a submersible induction motor and a centrifugal water pump. Four objectives are achieved using an adaptive Backstepping controller. First, it is applied to ensure maximum power point tracking, and uses the latter as a reference in regulation of the rotor speed to convert the maximum electrical power into maximum mechanical power. Second, the adaptive controller is synthesized to control motor rotor flux and restrict the magnetic circuit to its linear interval. Third, it is used to online estimate the rotor time-constant and the load torque disturbance estimation. Finally, this controller is employed to limit the stator currents to protect induction motor windings. Mathematical modelling of the main elements of the system is presented. A sliding mode rotor flux estimator is employed in the output feedback control of the whole system. DC-AC converter is controlled by pulse width modulation. The feasibility, the robustness and the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive nonlinear controller are evaluated through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Flywheels
A flywheel is a rotating device that can store energy by virtue of its motion. Flywheels face engineering challenges like withstanding high rotational speeds and energy loss. Technologies have improved flywheels by using composite materials and magnetic bearings. Flywheels have various applications including in transportation like electric rails and hybrid vehicles, and for load leveling by companies like Beacon Power Corporation and UPS.
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The document discusses the design of an optimal battery charging system for a solar-powered robotic vehicle. It proposes using tracked solar panels to maximize energy collection regardless of the robot's movement. A smart microcontroller would manage a dual battery system, allowing one battery to charge independently while the other powers the robot. This approach aims to complete charging and provide continuous energy supply. The proposed system was tested on an autonomous exploration robot platform specialized in terrain recognition.
Smart host microcontroller for optimal battery charging in a solar powered ro...
This document discusses the design of an optimal battery charging system for a solar-powered robotic vehicle. It proposes using tracked solar panels and a smart host microcontroller to implement an intelligent energy management system. This system was tested on an autonomous exploration robot called VANTER. The system allows the solar panels to track the sun for increased power generation. It also uses two batteries that can be charged independently, with one powering the robot while the other charges. This provides continuous power without downtime during charging.
Friction Less Wind Turbine Using Magnetic Levitation
The project focuses on the utilization of wind energy as a renewable source which produces a clean and safe source of electricity.
A Wind Turbine is a device that converts the wind’s kinetic energy into mechanical power. Generators help to convert mechanical power into electrical energy.
The project dwells on implementation of a vertical axis wind turbine for the power generation by using magnetic levitation.
Magnetic levitation (Maglev) is a method by which an object is suspended without any support with the help of the strong magnetic field.
The repulsive force of magnets used for the reduction of the effect of gravitational force significantly.
Magnetic force is used for reducing of gravitational force and to lift up the objects in the air.
By this technique implementation of this vertical axis wind turbine is used for having negligible friction.
report on automatic tracking solar power system
This document is a report on an automatic tracking solar power system submitted for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electrical Engineering. It discusses the design and implementation of a solar tracking system using a microcontroller to control servo motors that position solar panels to maintain their perpendicular orientation to the sun's rays throughout the day. This is done to maximize energy generation as the sun moves across the sky. Light dependent resistors are used as sensors to detect sunlight and trigger repositioning of the panels. Experimental results showed the tracking system increased energy output by 25-30% compared to fixed solar panels.
Magnetic levitation
Magnetic levitation, Present and Future Usage.
Product Marketing, Bearing with infinite rpm, weightlessness, flying cars, low cost space launch and even the flying city.
Magnetic levitation
The document discusses the history and principles of maglev trains. It explains that maglev trains use electromagnetic forces and feedback loops to levitate above the track without touching it. This allows maglev trains to move at very high speeds with little friction. The document provides examples of existing maglev systems like the Transrapid in Germany and the MLX01 in Japan. It also discusses potential applications of maglev technology in India, including a proposed high-speed line between Mumbai and Delhi.
Solar Power Satellite System
This document discusses solar power satellites (SPS) as a solution for providing 24-hour power supply from space using wireless power transmission via microwaves. It describes issues with the stability of early phased array and SPS systems for accurate targeting. It proposes a simulation method called PAC (position and angle correction) to correct the position of SPS using measurements from receiver antennas on panel structures. The document outlines various advantages of SPS such as being unaffected by day-night cycles or weather and occupying no land area. However, it also notes challenges such as the complexity, large size, and high cost of a prototype SPS system.
Maglev2
This document summarizes a student project on maglev trains. It discusses how maglev trains use magnetic levitation instead of wheels, allowing them to move faster than traditional trains. Maglev trains are propelled and guided using electromagnetic systems and have lower energy consumption, maintenance costs, and emissions than traditional trains. The document also describes different types of magnetic levitation technologies used in maglev trains, including electromagnetic suspension and electrodynamic suspension. It provides an example of the Shanghai maglev train project.
Magnetic levitation(kr)
ALL CONCEPTS OF MAGNETIC LEVITATIONS.
TYPES OF MAGNETIC LEVITATIONS.
APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETIC LEVITATION WITH EXAMPLES,PICTURES.
WELL DEFINED CONCEPT.
MAGLEV TRAINS
WORKING OF MAGLEV TRAINS.
COMPARISION BETWEEN MAGLEV TRAIN AND CONVENTIONAL TRAINS.
FUTURE SCOPE.
CONCLUSIONS
ADVANTAGES AMD DISADVANTAGES.
REFRENCES
BEST TRANTITIONS ADDED.
Design of Dual Axis Solar Tracker System Based on Fuzzy Inference Systems
Electric power is a basic need in today’s life. Due to the extensive usage of power, there is a need to look
for an alternate clean energy source. Recently many researchers have focused on the solar energy as a
reliable alternative power source. Photovoltaic panels are used to collect sun radiation and convert it into
electrical energy. Most of the photovoltaic panels are deployed in a fixed position, they are inefficient as
they are fixed only at a specific angle. The efficiency of photovoltaic systems can be considerably increased
with an ability to change the panels angel according to the sun position. The main goal of such systems is
to make the sun radiation perpendicular to the photovoltaic panels as much as possible all the day times.
This paper presents a dual axis design for a fuzzy inference approach-based solar tracking system. The
system is modeled using Mamdani fuzzy logic model and the different combinations of ANFIS modeling.
Models are compared in terms of the correlation between the actual testing data output and their
corresponding forecasted output. The Mean Absolute Percent Error and Mean Percentage Error are used
to measure the models error size. In order to measure the effectiveness of the proposed models, we
compare the output power produced by a fixed photovoltaic panels with the output which would be
produced if the dual-axis panels are used. Results show that dual-axis solar tracker system will produce
22% more power than a fixed panels system.
KEYWORDS
Fuzzy, Membership function, Universe of discourse, PV, ANFIS, DC motor, FLC.
1. INTRODUCTION
Fuzzy logic can be viewed as an extension of classical logical
application of superconductors maglev
This document discusses magnetic levitation train systems like Transrapid and Chuo Shinkansen. It explains how they work using magnets to levitate above the track and propel trains at high speeds without friction. Projects to build maglev systems are mentioned, such as a planned route between Shanghai and Beijing in China. While maglev trains offer safety, speed, and efficiency advantages, their development and adoption faces challenges related to technology readiness and high costs.
Making model of dual axis solar tracking with Maximum Power Point Tracking
Now a days solar harvesting is more popular. As the popularity become higher the material quality and solar tracking methods are more improved. There are several factors affecting the solar system. Major influence on solar cell, intensity of source radiation and storage techniques The materials used in solar cell manufacturing limit the efficiency of solar cell. This makes it particularly difficult to make considerable improvements in the performance of the cell, and hence restricts the efficiency of the overall collection process. Therefore, the most attainable maximum power point tracking method of improving the performance of solar power collection is to increase the mean intensity of radiation received from the source used. The purposed of tracking system controls elevation and orientation angles of solar panels such that the panels always maintain perpendicular to the sunlight. The measured variables of our automatic system were compared with those of a fixed angle PV system. As a result of the experiment, the voltage generated by the proposed tracking system has an overall of about 28.11% more than the fixed angle PV system. There are three major approaches for maximizing power extraction in medium and large scale systems. They are sun tracking, maximum power point (MPP) tracking or both.
Open Source Technology By Cavetronics
The document discusses several experimental devices and concepts related to overunity systems and harmonic expansion, including a formula for predicting how a harmonic loopback system can utilize more of its environment and energy from harmonic expansion. It also includes diagrams and descriptions of devices such as a dual-monopole magnet probe donated to NASA, hover plates affected by magnetic probes, nano-gridded generators, a shock charger for vehicles, an X4 demo and coil charge pump, and more. The document covers experimental work done in California in 2008 related to extending charge and creating charge loop systems.
Save Money ARISEIA.pptx
The document summarizes an energy efficiency and rooftop solar education and bulk purchasing campaign run by the homeowners association of Camelback Canyon Estates in Phoenix, Arizona. The campaign aimed to help residents save money by saving energy and transitioning to solar power. Key elements included vendor partnerships, home energy assessments, bulk purchasing discounts, and rebates for the HOA based on participation levels. Results included several home upgrades and solar installations that were estimated to save participating homeowners over $8,000 annually on energy bills. The document concludes with recommendations for improving future community-wide programs.
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Seminar on Magnetic levitation and its applicaton
Magnetic levitation is the use of magnetic fields to levitate a (usually) metallic object. Manipulating magnetic fields and controlling their forces can levitate an object.
In this process an object is suspended above another with no other support but magnetic fields.
The electromagnetic force is used to counteract the effects of gravitation. But it has also been proved that it is not possible to levitate using static, macroscopic, `classical' electromagnetic fields.
The forces acting on an object in any combination of gravitational, electrostatic, and magnetostatic fields will make the object's position unstable.
The reason a permanent magnet suspended above another magnet is unstable is because the levitated magnet will easily overturn and the force will become attractive. If the levitated magnet is rotated, the gyroscopic forces can prevent the magnet from overturning.
Several possibilities exist to make levitation viable.
It is possible to levitate superconductors and other diamagnetic materials, which magnetise in the opposite sense to a magnetic field in which they are placed.
A superconductor is perfectly diamagnetic which means it expels a magnetic field (Meissner-Ochsenfeld effect). Other diamagnetic materials are commonplace and can also be levitated in a magnetic field if it is strong enough.Diamagnetism is a very weak form of magnetism that is only exhibited in the presence of an external magnetic field.
The induced magnetic moment is very small and in a direction opposite to that of the applied field. When placed between the poles of a strong electromagnet, diamagnetic materials are attracted towards regions where the magnetic field is weak.
Diamagnetism can be used to levitate light pieces of pyrolytic graphite or bismuth above a moderately strong permanent magnet. As water is predominantly diamagnetic, this property has been used to levitate water droplets and even live animals, such as a grasshopper and a frog.
Superconductors are perfect diamagnets and when placed in an external magnetic field expel the field lines from their interiors (better than a diamagnet). The magnet is held at a fixed distance from the superconductor or vice versa. This is the principle in place behind EDS (electrodynamic suspension) maglev trains. The EDS system relies on superconducting magnets.
A maglev is a train, which is suspended in air above the track, and propelled forward using magnetism. Because of the lack of physical contact between the track and vehicle, the only friction is that between the carriages and air. So maglev trains can travel at very high speeds (650 km/h) with reasonable energy consumption and noise levels
Solar Tracking System
This project deals with the CAD design and construction of an automatic Solar Tracking system for Sun Tracking and Sun Following based upon the sun vector and the sun's position at any given time and the position of the sun for any GPS location on the earth. It drives hybrid solar Stirling technology for thermal and electricity generation and finds application in smart microgrid development for power and energy distribution an dispatch in off-grid and grid-tied applications. Automatic sun tracker positioner and control system for a motorized parabolic dish solar reflector and mechatronic solar tracking control system project describes the development and CAD design in a dual-axis sun tracker application for a stand-alone off-grid 3 kW solar electrical self-tracking concentrating solar power system. This autonomous power stand-alone solar tracking application and parabolic collector harness sunlight in a dish Stirling system or concentrated photovoltaic system by implementing a dynamic mechatronic platform and digital electronic control system for an autonomous concentrating solar power for CSP and CPV. The same sun tracker can also be used in solar PV photovoltaic where the solar panels follow the sun throughout the day.
Maglev
Magnetic Levitation is a method by which we can levitated an object with no support, other than magnetic field.
since it is a old theory but there still research is going on in this topic.now it is used in maglev train,maglev bearing and product display purpose.
Undergrad_Poster
This document summarizes a study analyzing the potential for a run-of-river hydropower plant with the following key findings:
The optimal design was determined to have a flow of 2.57 m3/s, use a Francis turbine with 92.2 m net head, generate 2.1 MW/yr of power and 5173 MWh/yr of energy. Calculations using RETScreen software found the project would reach the profit breakeven point within 7 years. This estimated annual energy production could supply electricity to around 1400 homes. The study analyzed flow duration curves, developed energy-power curves, and conducted cost-benefit and cash flow analyses to determine the optimal plant capacity.
Iv sem report project final report[735] 1
This document describes a project report submitted by four students for their Bachelor of Technology degree in Electrical Engineering. The report details the design and development of a dual axis solar tracker system. A dual axis solar tracker is able to track the sun's movement across both axes (east-west and north-south) to maximize solar panel exposure and increase energy generation by 35-45% compared to a fixed panel. The system is controlled using an Arduino UNO microcontroller and sensors to position the solar panel towards the strongest sunlight.
Simulation of MPPT Algorithm Based Hybrid Wind-Solar-Fuel Cell Energy System
This paper presents a new system configuration of the front-end rectifier stage for a hybrid
wind/photovoltaic energy system. This configuration allows the two sources to supply the load
separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources. The inherent nature of
this Cuk-SEPIC fused converter, additional input filters are not necessary to filter out high frequency
harmonics. Harmonic content is detrimental for the generator lifespan, heating issues, and efficiency.
The fused multiinput rectifier stage also allows Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) to be used to
extract maximum power from the wind and sun when it is available. An adaptive MPPT algorithm will
be used for the wind system and a standard perturb and observe method will be used for the PV system.
Operational analysis of the proposed system will be discussed in this paper. Simulation results are given
to highlight the merits of the proposed circuit.
Adaptive backstepping control of induction motor powered by photovoltaic gene...
This paper is aimed at addressing the design of an effective adaptive nonlinear control of a photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system powering a submersible induction motor and a centrifugal water pump. Four objectives are achieved using an adaptive Backstepping controller. First, it is applied to ensure maximum power point tracking, and uses the latter as a reference in regulation of the rotor speed to convert the maximum electrical power into maximum mechanical power. Second, the adaptive controller is synthesized to control motor rotor flux and restrict the magnetic circuit to its linear interval. Third, it is used to online estimate the rotor time-constant and the load torque disturbance estimation. Finally, this controller is employed to limit the stator currents to protect induction motor windings. Mathematical modelling of the main elements of the system is presented. A sliding mode rotor flux estimator is employed in the output feedback control of the whole system. DC-AC converter is controlled by pulse width modulation. The feasibility, the robustness and the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive nonlinear controller are evaluated through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Flywheels
A flywheel is a rotating device that can store energy by virtue of its motion. Flywheels face engineering challenges like withstanding high rotational speeds and energy loss. Technologies have improved flywheels by using composite materials and magnetic bearings. Flywheels have various applications including in transportation like electric rails and hybrid vehicles, and for load leveling by companies like Beacon Power Corporation and UPS.
Smart host microcontroller for optimal battery charging in a solar powered ro...
The document discusses the design of an optimal battery charging system for a solar-powered robotic vehicle. It proposes using tracked solar panels to maximize energy collection regardless of the robot's movement. A smart microcontroller would manage a dual battery system, allowing one battery to charge independently while the other powers the robot. This approach aims to complete charging and provide continuous energy supply. The proposed system was tested on an autonomous exploration robot platform specialized in terrain recognition.
Smart host microcontroller for optimal battery charging in a solar powered ro...
This document discusses the design of an optimal battery charging system for a solar-powered robotic vehicle. It proposes using tracked solar panels and a smart host microcontroller to implement an intelligent energy management system. This system was tested on an autonomous exploration robot called VANTER. The system allows the solar panels to track the sun for increased power generation. It also uses two batteries that can be charged independently, with one powering the robot while the other charges. This provides continuous power without downtime during charging.
Friction Less Wind Turbine Using Magnetic Levitation
The project focuses on the utilization of wind energy as a renewable source which produces a clean and safe source of electricity.
A Wind Turbine is a device that converts the wind’s kinetic energy into mechanical power. Generators help to convert mechanical power into electrical energy.
The project dwells on implementation of a vertical axis wind turbine for the power generation by using magnetic levitation.
Magnetic levitation (Maglev) is a method by which an object is suspended without any support with the help of the strong magnetic field.
The repulsive force of magnets used for the reduction of the effect of gravitational force significantly.
Magnetic force is used for reducing of gravitational force and to lift up the objects in the air.
By this technique implementation of this vertical axis wind turbine is used for having negligible friction.
report on automatic tracking solar power system
This document is a report on an automatic tracking solar power system submitted for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electrical Engineering. It discusses the design and implementation of a solar tracking system using a microcontroller to control servo motors that position solar panels to maintain their perpendicular orientation to the sun's rays throughout the day. This is done to maximize energy generation as the sun moves across the sky. Light dependent resistors are used as sensors to detect sunlight and trigger repositioning of the panels. Experimental results showed the tracking system increased energy output by 25-30% compared to fixed solar panels.
Magnetic levitation
Magnetic levitation, Present and Future Usage.
Product Marketing, Bearing with infinite rpm, weightlessness, flying cars, low cost space launch and even the flying city.
Magnetic levitation
The document discusses the history and principles of maglev trains. It explains that maglev trains use electromagnetic forces and feedback loops to levitate above the track without touching it. This allows maglev trains to move at very high speeds with little friction. The document provides examples of existing maglev systems like the Transrapid in Germany and the MLX01 in Japan. It also discusses potential applications of maglev technology in India, including a proposed high-speed line between Mumbai and Delhi.
Solar Power Satellite System
This document discusses solar power satellites (SPS) as a solution for providing 24-hour power supply from space using wireless power transmission via microwaves. It describes issues with the stability of early phased array and SPS systems for accurate targeting. It proposes a simulation method called PAC (position and angle correction) to correct the position of SPS using measurements from receiver antennas on panel structures. The document outlines various advantages of SPS such as being unaffected by day-night cycles or weather and occupying no land area. However, it also notes challenges such as the complexity, large size, and high cost of a prototype SPS system.
Maglev2
This document summarizes a student project on maglev trains. It discusses how maglev trains use magnetic levitation instead of wheels, allowing them to move faster than traditional trains. Maglev trains are propelled and guided using electromagnetic systems and have lower energy consumption, maintenance costs, and emissions than traditional trains. The document also describes different types of magnetic levitation technologies used in maglev trains, including electromagnetic suspension and electrodynamic suspension. It provides an example of the Shanghai maglev train project.
Magnetic levitation(kr)
ALL CONCEPTS OF MAGNETIC LEVITATIONS.
TYPES OF MAGNETIC LEVITATIONS.
APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETIC LEVITATION WITH EXAMPLES,PICTURES.
WELL DEFINED CONCEPT.
MAGLEV TRAINS
WORKING OF MAGLEV TRAINS.
COMPARISION BETWEEN MAGLEV TRAIN AND CONVENTIONAL TRAINS.
FUTURE SCOPE.
CONCLUSIONS
ADVANTAGES AMD DISADVANTAGES.
REFRENCES
BEST TRANTITIONS ADDED.
Design of Dual Axis Solar Tracker System Based on Fuzzy Inference Systems
Electric power is a basic need in today’s life. Due to the extensive usage of power, there is a need to look
for an alternate clean energy source. Recently many researchers have focused on the solar energy as a
reliable alternative power source. Photovoltaic panels are used to collect sun radiation and convert it into
electrical energy. Most of the photovoltaic panels are deployed in a fixed position, they are inefficient as
they are fixed only at a specific angle. The efficiency of photovoltaic systems can be considerably increased
with an ability to change the panels angel according to the sun position. The main goal of such systems is
to make the sun radiation perpendicular to the photovoltaic panels as much as possible all the day times.
This paper presents a dual axis design for a fuzzy inference approach-based solar tracking system. The
system is modeled using Mamdani fuzzy logic model and the different combinations of ANFIS modeling.
Models are compared in terms of the correlation between the actual testing data output and their
corresponding forecasted output. The Mean Absolute Percent Error and Mean Percentage Error are used
to measure the models error size. In order to measure the effectiveness of the proposed models, we
compare the output power produced by a fixed photovoltaic panels with the output which would be
produced if the dual-axis panels are used. Results show that dual-axis solar tracker system will produce
22% more power than a fixed panels system.
KEYWORDS
Fuzzy, Membership function, Universe of discourse, PV, ANFIS, DC motor, FLC.
1. INTRODUCTION
Fuzzy logic can be viewed as an extension of classical logical
application of superconductors maglev
This document discusses magnetic levitation train systems like Transrapid and Chuo Shinkansen. It explains how they work using magnets to levitate above the track and propel trains at high speeds without friction. Projects to build maglev systems are mentioned, such as a planned route between Shanghai and Beijing in China. While maglev trains offer safety, speed, and efficiency advantages, their development and adoption faces challenges related to technology readiness and high costs.
Making model of dual axis solar tracking with Maximum Power Point Tracking
Now a days solar harvesting is more popular. As the popularity become higher the material quality and solar tracking methods are more improved. There are several factors affecting the solar system. Major influence on solar cell, intensity of source radiation and storage techniques The materials used in solar cell manufacturing limit the efficiency of solar cell. This makes it particularly difficult to make considerable improvements in the performance of the cell, and hence restricts the efficiency of the overall collection process. Therefore, the most attainable maximum power point tracking method of improving the performance of solar power collection is to increase the mean intensity of radiation received from the source used. The purposed of tracking system controls elevation and orientation angles of solar panels such that the panels always maintain perpendicular to the sunlight. The measured variables of our automatic system were compared with those of a fixed angle PV system. As a result of the experiment, the voltage generated by the proposed tracking system has an overall of about 28.11% more than the fixed angle PV system. There are three major approaches for maximizing power extraction in medium and large scale systems. They are sun tracking, maximum power point (MPP) tracking or both.
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The document discusses several experimental devices and concepts related to overunity systems and harmonic expansion, including a formula for predicting how a harmonic loopback system can utilize more of its environment and energy from harmonic expansion. It also includes diagrams and descriptions of devices such as a dual-monopole magnet probe donated to NASA, hover plates affected by magnetic probes, nano-gridded generators, a shock charger for vehicles, an X4 demo and coil charge pump, and more. The document covers experimental work done in California in 2008 related to extending charge and creating charge loop systems.
Save Money ARISEIA.pptx
The document summarizes an energy efficiency and rooftop solar education and bulk purchasing campaign run by the homeowners association of Camelback Canyon Estates in Phoenix, Arizona. The campaign aimed to help residents save money by saving energy and transitioning to solar power. Key elements included vendor partnerships, home energy assessments, bulk purchasing discounts, and rebates for the HOA based on participation levels. Results included several home upgrades and solar installations that were estimated to save participating homeowners over $8,000 annually on energy bills. The document concludes with recommendations for improving future community-wide programs.
Presentation 1 -10-21-15
This project aims to transform the courtyard of the Augustus H. Shaw Montessori school into a living learning laboratory. The courtyard will include desert-adapted vegetation to provide shade and mitigate the urban heat island effect. It will also include outdoor seating, an amphitheater, and interactive features to empower student learning through exploration of sustainable practices. Examples of potential interactive features discussed include living walls, pollinator gardens, beehives, and systems that utilize rainwater or graywater to irrigate plants. The goal is to create an outdoor space that enhances education around ecosystems, landscaping, and sustainability.
Employee Suggestion Program
Capturing employee suggestions and ideas engages and improves employee motivation, creating a more productive and satisfying work environment. Yet many ignore the untapped resource of their employees who know their jobs better than any expert.
Our Idea Campaigns are different than typical employee suggestion programs. The Campaign is a proven way to capture hundreds of ideas to improve productivity, cut costs and drive improvements from the bottom up in a short time period.
This unique Campaign captures ideas, drives involvement and identifies cost savings ideas from the bottom of the organization to the top. The ideas and suggestions you will obtain will improve your bottom line as well as create a high level of motivation and enthusiasm from your workforce. The Bright Ideas Campaign has been used by hundreds of organizations with proven results. It is not a "program," but a self-contained, high performance Campaign that can revert to an on-going employee suggestion program for your organization.
See more...
http://goo.gl/sN4UT
Steven Mark TPU, Tom Bearden MEG, Charles Flynn SSG, Floyd Sweet VTA secrets...
This is a very old edition of the book. Download the latest revision here (permalink):
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0ByyeIdK8FssyLWJEQzlwTER2YTQ/edit?usp=sharing
Power saving ideas implemented practically
SAVINGS THROUGH
VFD’s
SAVINGS THROUGH
COMPRESSORS & CHILLING PLANT
SAVINGS BY REPLACING DYNO DRIVES MOTORS
WITH
INDUCTION MOTORS & SPEED CONTROL WITH VFD’s.
SAVINGS THROUGH
ENERGY EFFICIENT MOTORS
SAVINGS THROUGH
ENERGY EFFICIENT PUMPS
SAVINGS THROUGH
TUBE WELL RUN HRS & REPLACING INEFFICIENT WATER PUMPS
SAVINGS THROUGH
OPTIMIZATION OF EQUIPMENTS
Reduce Building Energy Use Through Occupant Engagement
How well do your occupants work with you to reduce energy consumption? According to the EPA and the Center for the Built Environment at UC Berkeley, promoting energy awareness among building occupants can provide energy savings of 5-15% for a negligible upfront cost.
This presentation includes:
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• The role energy information systems can play to support your employee engagement
• Helpful tips and practical suggestions for supporting your employees in changing their energy consumption
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ReGenX Generator Innovation Q&A
Everything you didn’t know about electric generator operation
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Magnetic power generator
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How to Run an Employee Suggestion Program
Learn how to run an innovative employee suggestion campaign called the Bright Idea Suggestion program
A detail study of the Steven Mark TPU
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2k w free energy device don smith
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Research in solid state free energy generators (ver 7.5.22)
A detail Study of the Steven Mark Toroidal Power Unit (TPU), Tom Bearden Motionless Electromagnetic Generator (MEG), Naudin 2SGen, Charles Flynn Solid State Generator, Floyd Sparky Sweet Vacuum Triode Amplifier (VTA-SQM), Annis&Eberly generator, Marko Rodin coil. A book that tries to underline what all these solid state devices have in common. A book that also speaks about the less known effect of MAGNETIC RESONANCE which is the key for unlocking free-energy solid state generators
Temperature Transducers
This document provides information about temperature transducers. It discusses that a temperature transducer is a device that converts a temperature measurement into another form of energy, such as an electrical signal. It then describes different types of temperature transducers, including resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermocouples, and thermistors. For each type, it explains the basic principle of operation, common applications, and advantages and disadvantages. The document aims to inform readers about how temperature transducers work and their various uses in fields like manufacturing, heating/cooling systems, and more.
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The document describes the concept of Lean and improvement idea boards, noting that Lean focuses on eliminating waste to increase value for customers. It explains that an improvement idea board is a transparent system for collecting, prioritizing, and implementing employee ideas to solve problems and continuously improve processes. Key aspects like leadership engagement, metrics, and culture change are needed to fully realize the benefits of idea boards in driving daily improvements.
Sample energy saving proposal
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Employee Suggestion System
The document discusses employee suggestion systems and why most fail as well as how successful companies utilize them. It notes that most systems fail due to creating bureaucracy around ideas, paying for ideas that should be part of employees' regular jobs, suggestions turning into complaints, and finding resources to implement ideas. Successful companies keep the systems simple, reward employees for their time spent improving processes, use supervisors as coaches to help ideas grow, and have employees implement their own ideas.
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This document provides information about the working principle and construction of an alternating current (AC) generator. It describes the main components of an AC generator, including the coil, magnetic field, slip rings and brushes. It explains the theory of operation, whereby rotating the coil in a magnetic field induces an alternating current in the coil due to changing magnetic flux. A mathematical expression is provided for calculating the instantaneous induced electromotive force (emf) in the coil at any given time. Finally, some common uses of AC generators are listed, such as power generation and providing alternating current to household appliances.
Employees Suggestion Scheme
The document discusses employees' suggestion schemes (ESS), which allow employees to submit ideas for improving their organizations. It notes that good ideas can come from employees regardless of their education, age, or physical condition. ESS are widely adopted around the world to improve processes and reduce costs. The text provides examples of successful ESS programs and outlines typical processes for implementing and measuring an ESS.
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Most motors are designed to operate at a constant speed and provide a constant output; however, modern technology requires different speeds in many applications where electric motors are used. A variable speed drive (VSD) is a device that regulates the speed and rotational force, or output torque of mechanical equipment. Effects of applying VSDs are in both productivity improvements and energy savings in pumps, fans, compressors and other equipment. Variable speed drive technology and the importance of controlling the speed of existing motors have fascinated many attentions in the last years with the advent of new power devices and magnetic materials. This paper is a comprehensive review on applications of VSD in electrical motors energy savings
STUDY OF TRANSIENT STABILITY BY TRANSIENT ENERGY FUNCTION
Stability analysis programs are a primary tool used by power system planning and operating engineers to predict the response of the system to various disturbances. Important onclusionsand decisions are made based on the results of stability studies. The conventional method of analyzing stability is to calculate the transient behaviour of generators due to a given disturbance. Direct methods of stability analysis identify whether or not the system will remain stable once the disturbance is removed by comparing it with a calculated threshold value.Direct methods not only avoid the time consuming solutions required in the conventional
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This document lists 80 potential project titles related to power electronics. It provides contact information for ECWAY Technologies, an engineering firm located in various cities in India that develops IEEE projects and software. It lists project titles ranging from photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking techniques to converter topologies for electric vehicles, wind power systems, and other applications.
Power electronics ieee 2012 2013
This document lists 80 potential project titles related to power electronics. It provides contact information for ECWAY Technologies, an engineering firm located in various cities in India that develops IEEE projects and software. It lists project titles ranging from photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking techniques to converter topologies for electric vehicles, wind power systems, and other applications.
Power electronics ieee 2012 2013
This document lists 80 potential project titles related to power electronics. It provides contact information for ECWAY Technologies, an engineering firm located in various cities in India that develops IEEE projects and software. It lists project titles ranging from photovoltaic power conditioning circuits to motor drives, DC-DC converters, and grid-connected inverters.
Power electronics ieee 2012 2013
This document lists 80 potential project titles related to power electronics. It provides contact information for ECWAY Technologies, an engineering firm located in various cities in India that develops IEEE projects and software. It lists project titles ranging from photovoltaic power conditioning circuits to motor drives to battery management systems.
Power electronics ieee 2012 2013
This document lists 80 potential project titles related to power electronics. It provides contact information for ECWAY Technologies, an engineering firm located in various cities in India that develops IEEE projects and software. It lists project titles ranging from photovoltaic power conditioning circuits to motor drives to battery management systems.
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This document discusses energy harvesting through mechanical vibration. It provides an overview of different energy harvesting mechanisms including electromagnetic, electrostatic, piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, and mechanical motion rectification. Mechanical motion rectification uses a device called a mechanical motion rectifier that can convert oscillatory vibrations into unidirectional rotation of a generator through the use of one-way roller clutches. This design is more compact and efficient at harvesting energy from mechanical vibrations compared to other designs.
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This document presents the seminar details for a project on maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for a photovoltaic system. The project aims to compare the Buck-boost, Cuk, Sepic and Zeta DC-DC converters for use in an MPPT system using an incremental conduction MPPT algorithm. The methodology will involve simulating the four converters in MATLAB, observing their output characteristics, and selecting the best converter. A literature review covers previous work on MPPT algorithms and converter selection. The project schedule outlines tasks over 10 months including simulation implementation, comparisons of results, and final submission.
Power(2)-EPM320-L01-16 Lectures of Power System Analysis.pdf
This document provides an overview of the course "Power System Analysis EPM320" which is a 3rd year electrical power and machines course. The summary is:
1. The course covers topics like power transformers, synchronous generators, power system economics, and load flow calculations.
2. It includes lectures, tutorials, and covers concepts like the unified Egyptian electrical network and electrical power system construction.
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Constant Frequency Operation of a Bulk Power System with Very High Levels of ...
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The changing resource mix of the bulk power system has necessitated investigation into viable alternate control
schemes for use during operation of the system. In literature, the major theme of these alternate schemes has however
been on ensuring that inverter based resources conform to the operational norms and limits that are presently
enforced. In this paper, a constant frequency operational scheme previously proposed by the authors has been further developed to ascertain operational constraints.
The paper looks at the applicability of this constant
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In this work, we suggest a technique of controller design that applied to systems based on nonlinear. We inform the sufficient conditions for the stability of closed loop system. The asymptotic stability of equilibrium and the nonlinear controller can be applied to improvement the stability of magnetic levitation system (MagLev). The MAgLev nonlinear nodel can be obtained by state equation based on Lagrange function and model predictive control has been used for MagLev system.
Development of Power System Stabilizer Using Modern Optimization Approach
The utilization of energy has increased manifold because of the industrial revolution. The development of the induction motor by Nikola Tesla in 1888 triggered the increasing demand of electrical energy in the industrial world and also its usage for artificial lighting. Higher amount of energy required for present society is provided by means of electrical energy. Highly complicated power systems have been constructed to deal with the increasing demand. The development in electric power production is focused on the interconnecting the transmission lines, generators and loads into huge integrated systems, which helps in providing reliable and quality power system to the consumers.Power system stability is an idea that focuses on the way the system adjusts with the occurrence of disorder. These disorders can result because of switching off a load or a modification in the mechanical input to the system. Because of these disturbances oscillations may happen in the system that could ultimately build up to a larger extent, resulting in the synchronous generators to go out of step and lose synchronism.Due to the importance of the power system and its stability, there are several techniques developed by various researchers for the stabilization of the power systems. The paper addresses enhanced Artificial Bee Colony ABC technique applied to design a robust power system stabilizer PSS in order to improve transient and dynamic stabilities of a turbo alternator connected to an infinite bus system comparisons wind, thermal and solar power generations the design of the proposed controller initially is formulated as an optimization problem and then enhanced ABC is employed for obtaining optimal controller parameters. The results shows that the proposed algorithm are better in performance than the conventional methods. Mr. Qamar ul Zaman | Mr. Deepak Joshi | Mr. Yuvraj Ranawat "Development of Power System Stabilizer Using Modern Optimization Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47776.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/47776/development-of-power-system-stabilizer-using-modern-optimization-approach/mr-qamar-ul-zaman
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high harmonic components evaluation of the pulsating torque and the magnetic flux density along the air gap. The
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Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
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This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
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#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
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Schematics, Formulas, Charts: Open Source Technology by Cavetronics
- 2. Diagram of Dual-Monopole Magnet Cavetronics created and donated a sample of this probe with this magnetic configuration to NASA (Universal Technologies) in late 2001.
- 5. Automotive Shock Charger with Sensorized-Ride Control
- 6. X4 Demo
- 7. X4 Coil Charge Pump
- 9. Bismuth Canceling Magnetic Push Motor
- 11. ZPF States
- 12. Yoke Amplifier aka Magnetic Transistor
- 13. Tri-rotor Unistator designed for an in-line amplifier
- 14. Chart of forces
- 16. Linear Wave Constructive In-line Apparatus
- 17. Rotoverter
- 20. Designed to be an Extender for a Flux Switch
- 21. Gravity Conveyor Mass Displacement
- 22. Regenerative In-line Load Conversion Generator
- 23. Experimental work, California, 2008
- 24. Charge Extender
- 26. Flux Test Demo
- 27. Flux Core
- 28. 2004: Aided work done on a Kunnel Machine
- 30. Steel Hover Plates: Effect of Magnetic Probe
- 31. Valet Motor
- 32. Wobble Generator aka Walking Vortex