This document discusses vectors and their properties. It defines a vector as having both magnitude and direction, unlike a scalar which only has magnitude. Vectors are represented graphically as arrows with both length and direction. There are different methods for expressing the direction of a vector such as compass directions or bearings. Vectors can be added by combining their magnitudes and directions, with the resultant vector representing the total effect of the individual vectors acting together.

1. 1. Physical unit
2.Direction
3.Graphical representation
4.Representation
5.Representation of vector

2. A scalar is a quantity that has only
magnitude (size).
Scalar only tells how much
Examples
mass(60 kg)
speed (20 𝑚𝑠−1
)
power (1200W)

3.  A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and
direction.
 A vector should tell you how much and which way.
Examples
force(60N, upwards)
displacement (40 m, west)
weight (340N, downwards)

4.  For example, if you travel 1 km down Main
Road to school, the quantity 1 km down Main
Road is a vector. The 1 km is the quantity (or
scalar) and the down Main Road gives a
direction.

5.  Everything measured is represented by an
appropriate symbol
We make use of the SI system
K H D M D M

6.  There are many acceptable methods of writing
vectors.
 a vector has to have a magnitude and a
direction.
 These different methods come from the
different methods of expressing a direction for a
vector.
Such as :
Compass Directions
Bearing
Relative Directions

7.  Vectors are drawn as arrows.
 An arrow has both a magnitude (how long it
is) and a direction (the direction in which it
points)
 The starting point of a vector is known as the
tail and the end point is known as the head.

8.  Drawing vectors
 In order to draw a vector accurately we must
specify a scale and include a reference
direction in the diagram
Method: Drawing Vectors
1. Decide upon a scale and write it down.
2. Determine the length of the arrow representing
the vector, by using the scale.
3. Draw the vector as an arrow. Make sure that
you fill in the arrow head.
4. Fill in the magnitude of the vector.

9.  EXAMPLE
1 cm = 2 N (1 cm represents 2 N), a force of 20
N towards the East would be represented as an
arrow 10 cm long. A reference direction may
be a line representing a horizontal surface or
the points of a compass.
20N

10.  Vectors are denoted by symbols
with an arrow pointing to the right
above it.
For example,
𝑎 , 𝑣 and 𝐹
represent the vectors acceleration,
velocity and force, meaning they have
both a magnitude and a direction.

11. Is a single vector that has the
same effect as a combination of
vectors
Or
The resultant of a number of
vectors is the single vector whose
effect is the same as the
individual vectors acting together.

12.  When vectors are added, we need to add
both a magnitude and a direction
EXAMPLE, take 2 steps in the forward
direction, stop and then take another 3 steps
in the forward direction.

13.  The first 2 steps is a displacement vector and
the second 3 steps is also a displacement vector.
 Therefore, if we add the displacement vectors
for 2 steps and 3 steps, we should get a total of
5 steps in the forward direction.
+ =
2 steps + 3 steps= 5 steps forward