Research into automobile seat design has identified key parameters that improve comfort. Seat design must consider fit, feel, and support parameters. Fit parameters ensure the seat accommodates a range of body sizes using anthropometric data. Feel parameters minimize pressure points and maintain a suitable temperature. Support parameters influence posture through lumbar support that adjusts in height and firmness, adjustable armrests and a forward-tilting seatback. The goal is a seat with no discomfort that supports the natural curves of the spine.
Design parameters of driver seat in an automobileeSAT Journals
Abstract Driver seat is an important system of any automobile, it is also complicated system consists of so many parts, adjustments as well as safety systems. A seat adjustment includes height adjustment, fore and aft adjustment, back recline adjustments. Safety systems include seat belts, air bags and advanced head restraints. Generally professional driver works more than eight hours per day of a week, therefore driver seat must be designed by considering all the parameters. Also uneven road condition induces the vibration in a vehicle transmitted to driver body. Poorly designed driver seat affects the driver health and psychological conditions of mind. Three main objectives of any driver seats are safety, health and comfort of driver. This paper presents all the parameters of driver seat such as anthropometry of human, ergonomics related parameters, seat materials, safety related parameters, comfort related parameters as well as weight and aesthetics with classifications and basics of driver seat. Keywords: Driver Seat, Comfort, Safety, Health, Adjustments.
WHY WE NEED TO DESIGN SEATS
FACTOR FOR SEAT DESIGN
GEOMETRIC FEATURES OF SEAT DESIGN
ERGONOMICS,SIMULATION AND MODELING
VIBRATION APPROACH
PRESSURE APPROACH
J. D. Power survey reports seats in car are next to last in satisfaction despite historical high in quality. Add-on content to basic seat design does not change satisfaction rank. Since seats are for sitting, drivers must not be able to sit as they prefer. Car seat design guidelines must improve accommodation for variation in sitting postures.
Study and Analysis of Automotive Seating System Riser Design & Development fo...ijsrd.com
Seat is a sub system of automobile or vehicle. It is the main aggregate in a vehicle, which impacts the visibility, comfort, safety for the occupant. H-point plays vital role in seat system design & occupant safety. As a part of vehicle development, requirement raised is to have elevated H-point to have better visibility & control for occupant. Use of carryover seat with minimum part alterations is a challenge. After studying all relative factors, it has been decided to integrate carry over seat with BIW by addition of seat riser member. This paper speaks about design and development of seat riser member for automotive seat.
Design parameters of driver seat in an automobileeSAT Journals
Abstract Driver seat is an important system of any automobile, it is also complicated system consists of so many parts, adjustments as well as safety systems. A seat adjustment includes height adjustment, fore and aft adjustment, back recline adjustments. Safety systems include seat belts, air bags and advanced head restraints. Generally professional driver works more than eight hours per day of a week, therefore driver seat must be designed by considering all the parameters. Also uneven road condition induces the vibration in a vehicle transmitted to driver body. Poorly designed driver seat affects the driver health and psychological conditions of mind. Three main objectives of any driver seats are safety, health and comfort of driver. This paper presents all the parameters of driver seat such as anthropometry of human, ergonomics related parameters, seat materials, safety related parameters, comfort related parameters as well as weight and aesthetics with classifications and basics of driver seat. Keywords: Driver Seat, Comfort, Safety, Health, Adjustments.
WHY WE NEED TO DESIGN SEATS
FACTOR FOR SEAT DESIGN
GEOMETRIC FEATURES OF SEAT DESIGN
ERGONOMICS,SIMULATION AND MODELING
VIBRATION APPROACH
PRESSURE APPROACH
J. D. Power survey reports seats in car are next to last in satisfaction despite historical high in quality. Add-on content to basic seat design does not change satisfaction rank. Since seats are for sitting, drivers must not be able to sit as they prefer. Car seat design guidelines must improve accommodation for variation in sitting postures.
Study and Analysis of Automotive Seating System Riser Design & Development fo...ijsrd.com
Seat is a sub system of automobile or vehicle. It is the main aggregate in a vehicle, which impacts the visibility, comfort, safety for the occupant. H-point plays vital role in seat system design & occupant safety. As a part of vehicle development, requirement raised is to have elevated H-point to have better visibility & control for occupant. Use of carryover seat with minimum part alterations is a challenge. After studying all relative factors, it has been decided to integrate carry over seat with BIW by addition of seat riser member. This paper speaks about design and development of seat riser member for automotive seat.
Chassis is the main support structure of the vehicle which is also known as ‘Carrying Unit’. It bears all the stresses on the vehicle in both static and dynamic conditions.”
Introduction : Basic Feature of an Automobile
Car Body Details
Types of Vehicle
Body Engineering Terminology
Morphology of Vehicle Body ( Structural ) Design
Design Considerations
Human factors and ergonomics (HF&E), also known as comfort design, functional design, and systems, is the practice of designing products, systems, or processes to take proper account of the interaction between them and the people who use them.
The field has seen contributions from numerous disciplines, such as psychology, engineering, bio-mechanics, industrial design, physiology, and anthropometry. In essence, it is the study of designing equipment and devices that fit the human body and its cognitive abilities. The two terms "human factors" and "ergonomics" are essentially synonymous
Three steps to design car seats at vehicle concept using digital human body models with Oscar and H-point to remain consistent with Federal laws and SAE recommended practicies.
The simulation of a vehicles suspension system represents an important part of how the driver experiences ride quality. Without a suspension system, a vehicle acts in a stiff and uncomfortable way. The characteristics of a vehicles performance are dependent on the properties of the suspension. A model of this system would enable a manufacturer to test how certain changes to the properties change the behavior of the vehicle. This way they are able to see how the stiffness of the spring and damper in the suspension system affects the ride experience before building an actual car. This can also reduce the cost of development. The most basic suspension system consists of a spring and shock absorber and also includes the stiffness of the tire being used. More complex suspension systems consist of sensors that take into account and compensate for traction control, engine torque, steering, and braking systems.
Chassis is the main support structure of the vehicle which is also known as ‘Carrying Unit’. It bears all the stresses on the vehicle in both static and dynamic conditions.”
Introduction : Basic Feature of an Automobile
Car Body Details
Types of Vehicle
Body Engineering Terminology
Morphology of Vehicle Body ( Structural ) Design
Design Considerations
Human factors and ergonomics (HF&E), also known as comfort design, functional design, and systems, is the practice of designing products, systems, or processes to take proper account of the interaction between them and the people who use them.
The field has seen contributions from numerous disciplines, such as psychology, engineering, bio-mechanics, industrial design, physiology, and anthropometry. In essence, it is the study of designing equipment and devices that fit the human body and its cognitive abilities. The two terms "human factors" and "ergonomics" are essentially synonymous
Three steps to design car seats at vehicle concept using digital human body models with Oscar and H-point to remain consistent with Federal laws and SAE recommended practicies.
The simulation of a vehicles suspension system represents an important part of how the driver experiences ride quality. Without a suspension system, a vehicle acts in a stiff and uncomfortable way. The characteristics of a vehicles performance are dependent on the properties of the suspension. A model of this system would enable a manufacturer to test how certain changes to the properties change the behavior of the vehicle. This way they are able to see how the stiffness of the spring and damper in the suspension system affects the ride experience before building an actual car. This can also reduce the cost of development. The most basic suspension system consists of a spring and shock absorber and also includes the stiffness of the tire being used. More complex suspension systems consist of sensors that take into account and compensate for traction control, engine torque, steering, and braking systems.
Diesel Locomotive Shed, North Western Railway123jaya
This Presentation is for those students who done their Training
from Diesel locomotive shed,Indian Railway.In this Power Point presentation i have gave a Brief introduction about loco and some important devices that we used in our loco. I think this is the only presentation that makes you easy to understand about diesel locomotive.
The Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW) in Varanasi, India, is a production unit owned by Indian Railways, that manufactures diesel-electric locomotives and its spare parts. It is the largest diesel-electric locomotive manufacturer in India.
Locally it is called as D L W.
Making Great User Experiences, Pittsburgh Scrum MeetUp, Oct 17, 2017Carol Smith
Everything is designed, yet some interactions are much better than others. What does it take to make a great experience? What are the areas that UX specialists focus on? How do skills in cognitive psycology, computer science and design come together? Carol introduces basic concepts in user experience design that you can use to improve the user's expeirence and/or clearly communicate with designers.
AI and Machine Learning Demystified by Carol Smith at Midwest UX 2017Carol Smith
What is machine learning? Is UX relevant in the age of artificial intelligence (AI)? How can I take advantage of cognitive computing? Get answers to these questions and learn about the implications for your work in this session. Carol will help you understand at a basic level how these systems are built and what is required to get insights from them. Carol will present examples of how machine learning is already being used and explore the ethical challenges inherent in creating AI. You will walk away with an awareness of the weaknesses of AI and the knowledge of how these systems work.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MOTORCYCLE SEAT FROM ERGONOMICS POINT OF VIEW WITH ...IAEME Publication
Today, a rebellious race is taking place among the automobile industry so as to produce highly developed models and the automobile industry has seen a market shift towards sport-utility vehicles. In order to maintain the level of comfort that customers expect from vehicles and still maintain the high safety standards of automobiles, attempts are made to develop an ideal vehicle (motorcycle) which is aesthetically pleasing, ergonomically running and most important is safety.
This work solves the problems of human discomfort procured from riding the motorcycle. Also comprises the task of ergonomic considerations in motorcycle seat design using anthropometric data of riders.
An Overview Of Driver Seat Comfort: Objective and Subjective Measures and Its...CSCJournals
The purpose of this work is to investigate driver seat comfort and discuss some of the subjective and objective factors that impact it. Comfort describes the nature of the interaction between a human being and a specific environment and is characterized as a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction or discontent and pain. Driver seat design for comfort is complex and challenging because it is somewhat subjective in nature (e.g. mood, culture & car brand). However, there are certain aspects of a seat comfort, which are objective (e.g. anthropometrics, pressure distribution on seat) and can be modeled mathematically. This paper discuses some of the objective and subjective measures which influence seat comfort. In addition, it provides a mathematical model of seat comfort index based on neural networks in terms of some of the objective measures, which influence it. The results of this work show that the objective measures included lead to a correlation of 0.794 to the overall comfort index identified by twelve drivers testing five different types of seats. This implies that our selected objective measures/inputs can capture about 80% of the comfort index identified by test drivers. The remaining 20% variation in comfort index not captured by the model utilized in this work can be attributed to subjective measures and/or additional objective measures which can be added as inputs to the neural network.
A comparison of this study to a previously published work [1] which also utilizes neural networks to model seat comfort index reveals important facts. This previous study uses a very large neural network with a significant number of adjustable parameters to model seat comfort. As a result, their neural network is very prone to memorizing the data associated with seat comfort index without capturing the underlying mathematical behavior. The neural network proposed in this work, however, has an optimal architecture, which captures the mathematical model describing comfort index accurately, and is not prone to memorizing the seat comfort data.
Jitesh Thakur ,B.Sc-ID+ 2 Year Residential & Commercial Design Diplomadezyneecole
This Project has been Developed by the Student of Dezyne E'cole College Doing His Interior Design Studies Bachelor Degree Programme + 2Yr Residential & Commercial Design Diploma Programme www.dezyneecole.com
Srishti Sharma,,B.Sc-ID+ 2 Year Residential & Commercial Design Diplomadezyneecole
This Project has been Developed by the Student of Dezyne E'cole College Doing Her Interior Design Studies Bachelor Degree Programme + 2Yr Residential & Commercial Design Diploma Programme www.dezyneecole.com
This Project has been Developed by the Student of Dezyne E'cole College Doing His Interior Design Studies Bachelor Degree Programme + 2Yr Residential & Commercial Design Diploma Programme
www.dezyneecole.com
This paper looks at some of the issue regarding computer workstation design and chair selection. It discusses some of the common musculoskeletal problems including carpal tunnel syndrome, neck, shoulder an low back problems caused by computer use.
Ergonomics & its importance in furniture design pt 2Surashmie Kaalmegh
ergonomics , also known as human factors is very important in many design fields where system-human interface is unavoidable. it is also important for furniture design system as no one size fits all.this is the second part of the lecture
Ergonomics & its importance in furniture design pt 2SurashmieKalmegh
this is the second part of the ergonomics lecture part I by me. in this the emphasis is on examples and how varied environments and mental framework too makes a difference to the experience of a user. although care is talken it may still not work for injuries or age related factors.
These kinds of chairs are very comfortable for sitting and these are integral part for your workspace. And this is very comfortable and good for our posture
Pallavi Sharma,B.Sc-ID+ 2 Year Residential & Commercial Design Diplomadezyneecole
This Project has been Developed by the Student of Dezyne E'cole College Doing Her Interior Design Studies Bachelor Degree Programme + 2Yr Residential & Commercial Design Diploma Programme
www.dezyneecole.com
Jitesh Thakur ,B.Sc-ID+ 2 Year Residential & Commercial Design Diplomadezyneecole
This Project has been Developed by the Student of Dezyne E'cole College Doing His Interior Design Studies Bachelor Degree Programme + 2Yr Residential & Commercial Design Diploma Programme www.dezyneecole.com
What Could Cause The Headlights On Your Porsche 911 To Stop WorkingLancer Service
Discover why your Porsche 911 headlights might flicker out unexpectedly. From aging bulbs to electrical gremlins and moisture mishaps, we're delving into the reasons behind the blackout. Stay tuned to illuminate the road ahead and ensure your lights shine bright for safer journeys.
What Are The Immediate Steps To Take When The VW Temperature Light Starts Fla...Import Motorworks
Learn how to respond when the red temperature light flashes in your VW with this presentation. From checking coolant levels to seeking professional help, follow these steps promptly to prevent engine damage and ensure safety on the road.
The Octavia range embodies the design trend of the Škoda brand: a fusion of
aesthetics, safety and practicality. Whether you see the car as a whole or step
closer and explore its unique features, the Octavia range radiates with the
harmony of functionality and emotion
𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
1. Agricultural : Supporting Primary and Secondary Agriculture
• Scope: Provide support solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Tzaneen, Thohoyandou, Makhado, and Giyani.
2. Automotive Sector: Partnerships with Mechanics and Panel Beater Shops
• Scope: Develop collaborations with automotive service providers to improve service quality and business operations.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Lephalale, Mokopane, Phalaborwa, and Bela-Bela.
3. Empowerment : Focusing on Women Empowerment
• Scope: Provide business support support and training to women-owned businesses, promoting economic inclusion.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Thohoyandou, Musina, Burgersfort, and Louis Trichardt.
We will also prioritize Industrial Economic Zone areas and their priorities.
Sign up on https://profilesmes.online/welcome/
To be eligible:
1. You must have a registered business and operate in Limpopo
2. Generate revenue
3. Sectors : Agriculture ( primary and secondary) and Automative
Women and Youth are encouraged to apply even if you don't fall in those sectors.
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
"Trans Failsafe Prog" on your BMW X5 indicates potential transmission issues requiring immediate action. This safety feature activates in response to abnormalities like low fluid levels, leaks, faulty sensors, electrical or mechanical failures, and overheating.
Things to remember while upgrading the brakes of your carjennifermiller8137
Upgrading the brakes of your car? Keep these things in mind before doing so. Additionally, start using an OBD 2 GPS tracker so that you never miss a vehicle maintenance appointment. On top of this, a car GPS tracker will also let you master good driving habits that will let you increase the operational life of your car’s brakes.
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5 Warning Signs Your BMW's Intelligent Battery Sensor Needs AttentionBertini's German Motors
IBS monitors and manages your BMW’s battery performance. If it malfunctions, you will have to deal with an array of electrical issues in your vehicle. Recognize warning signs like dimming headlights, frequent battery replacements, and electrical malfunctions to address potential IBS issues promptly.
Ever been troubled by the blinking sign and didn’t know what to do?
Here’s a handy guide to dashboard symbols so that you’ll never be confused again!
Save them for later and save the trouble!
1. Design Criteria for Automobile Seats
Vehicle Body Engineering
By ;
Sarang Rajabhau Bire
M.Tech Automotive Engineering
sarang.bire@gmail.com
1
2. Introduction
Improved seating comfort is an important factor that most car
manufacturers use to distinguish their products from those of their
competitors
Proper selection of design parameters will lead to development of seat
with greater comfort and driving pleasure.
The presence of vibration in the motor-vehicle environment has been
suggested as a potentiating factor by most of the research findings.
In particular, the control locations and sight line requirements and
Safety concerns serve to constrain postures to a greater extent
sarang.bire@gmail.com
3. Passenger cars generally require a more extended knee posture than is
necessary in other types of seating.
When attempting to specify design characteristics of a comfortable seat, it
is important to have in mind a functional definition of comfort as it applies to
seating.
Since a seat is not likely to impart a positive physical feeling to a sitter, the
continuum of interest reaches from indifference to extreme discomfort.
The best a seat can do is to cause no discomfort to the sitter. This
definition is useful, not only in the design of subjective assessment tools but
also in consideration of strategies to improve comfort.
sarang.bire@gmail.com
3
4. Selection of Design Parameters for Seat
The principle that the seat should fit the sitter is the most universally employed
concept in seating ergonomics.
If a chair is to be used by only one sitter, careful measurements of that person's body
will yield appropriate dimensional specifications for the seat.
However, in the passenger car market, where a single seat must accommodate a large
percentage of the population, knowledge of population anthropometry is required.
The constraints on Fit parameter design values are usually imposed by the desire to
accommodate a sufficient range of the population on one anthropometric measure.
A widely used design criterion is that the seat should accommodate the members of
the population who lie between the 5th-percentile-female and 95th-percentile-male
values on some anthropometric measure of interest
sarang.bire@gmail.com
4
5. Height and Weight distribution of 5th-percentile-female and 95th-percentile-male.
5th-percentile-female and 95th-percentile male Rule - Anthropometric measure.
sarang.bire@gmail.com
5
6. Following Points to be taken care while selecting parameters for
seat design :
Preferred postures, defined by body segment orientations, differ widely among
subjects. In particular, pelvis angle and net spine flexion relative to standing vary
considerably.
Most seated back contours in preferred postures are nearly flat for about 180 mm
above the point of maximum lordosis, even with the large range of posture variability
observed.
The mean location of the point of maximum lordosis in the lumbar back contour is
about 144 mm above the sitter's hip joint centers.
The mean preferred lumbar support apex location is about 152 mm above the
sitter's hip joint centers
sarang.bire@gmail.com
6
7. Seat Design parameters
The design parameters are divided into three categories.
Fit parameter levels are determined by the anthropometry of the occupant
population and include such measures as the length of the seat cushion.
Feel parameters relate to the physical contact between the sitter and the
seat and include the pressure distribution and upholstery properties.
Support parameters affect the posture of the occupant and include seat
contours and adjustments.
sarang.bire@gmail.com
7
8. Fit parameter
For Fit parameters, there is considerable agreement among various
researchers concerning the methodology to select an appropriate design value
Feel parameters are the least understood because research tools to make
objective measurements in this area have only recently become available and
complex nature of these parameters makes them difficult to specify in
quantitative terms.
The most frequently investigated of the Feel parameters is the pressure
distribution at the interface between the sitter and seat.
There is little agreement in the literature concerning desirable
characteristics of a pressure distribution, except that areas of high pressure
should be avoided.
sarang.bire@gmail.com
8
9. General Fit parameters includes :
Cushion Width
Cushion Length
Backrest Width
Backrest Height
sarang.bire@gmail.com
9
10. General Fit parameters Selection :
Design
Parameter
Parameter Description And Dimensions
for optimal design
Cushion Width
Seat cushions should be a minimum of 432 mm wide, with 500 mm
minimum clearance at the hips. The front of the cushion should be a
minimum of 500 mm wide to allow for
comfortable leg splay.
Cushion Length
Backrest Width
Backrest Height
The cushion length, measured along the thigh line, should not exceed 440 mm from
the depressed backrest, or 305 mm from the H-point. An adjustable-length cushion
could be used to provide more under-thigh support for larger people, but only a
small range of adjustability is needed. The 95th-percentile-male buttock-to-popliteal
length is 545 mm, 105 mm greater than the 5th-percentile-female length, so a seatcushion length increase of 105 mm should be considered the maximum necessary.
The backrest should be a minimum of 360 mm wide at a point 220 mm above the Hpoint along the manikin back line, and a minimum of 456 mm wide at a point 3 18
mm above the H-point. There should be no lateral clearance restrictions (i.e., no side
bolsters) extending more than 288 mm above the H-point
The backrest should extend 410 to 550 mm above the H point, measured along the
manikin back line.
sarang.bire@gmail.com
10
13. Feel parameters
Design parameters that affect the local sensation of comfort at the interface between
the sitter and seat are called Feel parameters.
Optimal levels for Feel parameters are those that minimize discomfort.
The effects of Feel parameters are detected by nerve receptors in the skin and
superficial underlying tissues
The skin temperature in body areas contacting the seat will approach body core
temperature because of the insulating effect of the seat padding and covering.
acceptable skin temperature range is 92 degrees F
Most important aspect of the microclimate is the humidity, which is determined by the
amount of moisture released by the skin and the water vapor permeability of the seat
sarang.bire@gmail.com
13
14. General Feel parameters includes :
Pressure and Shear
Temperature and Humidity
General Feel parameters Selection :
Design
Parameter
Pressure and Shear
Temperature and
Humidity
Parameter Description And Dimensions
for optimal design
A good seat cushion will produce pressure distributions for sitters with
with gradual decreases in pressure toward the front and sides of the
cushion. The pressure under the distal half of the should be minimal. A
reduction in the pressure gradient is also desirable, since the pressure
gradient is likely related to internal shear. Softening the cushion slightly
would reduce both the peak pressures and the gradients.
Body heat and water vapor must be allowed to pass through the seat. Seat
coverings that substantially impede heat or water vapor transfer are to be
avoided.Perforated cover materials are desirable because of reduced
resistance to water vapor diffusion.
sarang.bire@gmail.com
14
15. Support parameters
Support parameters are defined to be those that are intended to influence the
posture of the sitter.
These parameters include the contour of the seat and the relative position and
orientation of the seat cushion and backrest.
Clearly, there is substantial interaction between the Support parameters and the
Fit and Feel parameters
Although any aspect of seat surface contouring could be considered as a Support
parameter, few have more importance in consideration of body pressure
distribution rather than posture.
The overall body posture can be characterized by angles at the various joints that
divide the body into a mechanical linkage
Seat adjustments that can be provided to the sitter for customization of the seat
support are also discussed.
sarang.bire@gmail.com
15
16. Linkage Representation of Body Posture:
The posture of the body is described by the relative orientations of the various
articulating segments that make up the body linkage .
The assumption implicit in these joint angle recommendations is that the least
discomfort will result when all joint angles are within a neutral range for which
tissue stresses are minimized.
These ranges are typically in the middle of the full passive range of motion for
the joint, where muscles are approximately at their resting lengths.
Body joint angles should be maintained near the centre of the passive range of
motion for the joint. The most important angles related to auto seat comfort are
the trunk angle relative to the vertical and the knee angle.
sarang.bire@gmail.com
16
17. Large knee angles can cause tension in the hamstring muscles and rearward rotation
of the pelvis, which moves the lumbar curve toward kyphosis.
Higher seat heights allow more flexed knee angles and reduce the constraints on
posture.
Linkage representations of the human body as design tools.
sarang.bire@gmail.com
17
18. Summary
Research related to seating comfort has been conducted for over many years, and
work for seat design is conducted for centuries to increase the comfort of their products
as a result .
Seats appear to be designed more in keeping with ergonomic recommendations than
seats from previous decades.
Concluding design Parameters can be summarised as :
Appropriate lumbar (lower back) support with at least one axis of adjustment
Vertically adjustable armrests with adequate padding
5" seat height adjustment
Adjustable lumbar support (height and amount of support)
3" seat depth adjustment
Forward tilt
sarang.bire@gmail.com
18
19. References
1. Survey Of Auto Seat Design Recommendations For Improved Comfort (TECHNICAL
REPORT) , Matthew P. Reed , Leda L. Ricci . February 24,1994 University of Michigan
Transportation Research Institute
2. The Ergonomic Seating Guide Handbook , HAWORTH 2007
3. Design Criteria for Automobile Seatbacks Based on Preferred Driver Postures
(TECHNICAL REPORT), Lawrence W. Schneider , University of Michigan ,
Transportation Research Institute
sarang.bire@gmail.com
19