A brief study on Integrated Nutrient Management (INM). This presentation has created by me after studying many articles and research papers regarding INM. Suggestions are kindly invited.
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Reclamation of acidic soil needs lime application. Hence determination of adequate amount of lime and the appropriate materials as liming materials are discussed.
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Reclamation of acidic soil needs lime application. Hence determination of adequate amount of lime and the appropriate materials as liming materials are discussed.
site specific. nutrient. management.pptxshivalika6
Site – specific nutrient management is the dynamic, field specific management of nutrients in a particular cropping season to optimize the supply and demand of nutrients according to their differences in cycling through soil-plant systems.
Soil Health definition and relationship to soil biology
Characteristics of healthy soil
Assessment of soil health
Framework for evaluating soil health
Indicators
Types of indicators
Biological indicators
Role of biological indicators
Nutrient budgets are becoming accepted tools to describe nutrient flows within cropping system and to assist in the planning of the rotational cropping and mixed farming system
Depending on the farm management and the balance of inputs and outputs of nutrient N,P and K budgets have been shown to range from deficit to surplus in cropping system
Budgets are the outcome of simple nutrient accounting process which details all the inputs and outputs to a given defined system over fixed period of time
A soil surface nutrient budget accounts for all nutrients that enter the soil surface and leave the soil through crop uptake.
Orchard floor management refers to the management of the orchard soil in such a manner that the fruit trees give higher yield of quality fruits in successive years for sustainable economic returns.
Recent advances in the methods of fertilizer scheduling in temperate fruitsJahangeer Ahmad
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Scientific fertilizer scheduling is a technique providing knowledge on correct time and optimum quantity of fertilizer application at each stage to optimize crop yields with maximum fertilizer use efficiency and at the same time ensuring minimum damage to soil properties.
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
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Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
3. Introduction
Optimum productivity of any cropping system depends on
adequate supply of plant nutrients
Continued removal of nutrients will increase the potential for future
nutrient related plant stress and yield loss
Proper rate of plant nutrients is determined by nutrient
requirement of the crop and nutrient supplying power of the soil
Value of soil and plant analysis depends on careful sampling and
analysis
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4. Nutrient deficiency symptoms of plants
Analysis of tissue from plants growing on the soil
Biological tests
Soil analysis
Techniques to assess soil fertility
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5. Nutrient – deficiency symptoms in plants
Growing plants are integrators of all growth factors
Lack of particular nutrient will produce characteristic symptoms
Classification of nutrient deficiency symptoms
•Complete crop failure at seedling stage
•Severe stunting
•Specific leaf symptoms
•Delayed or abnormal maturity
•Poor quality of crops
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7. Hidden hunger
• Refers to a situation in which a crop needs more of a given nutrient
yet has shown no deficiency symptoms
• A term used to describe a plant that shows no obvious symptoms
yet the nutrient content is not sufficient to give the top yield
Plant analysis
• Fresh tissue test in field
• Tissue analysis in lab
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8. Concept of plant analysis
Amount of given nutrient in plant is directly proportional to
availability of nutrient in soil
Why tissue tests and plant analyses?
To aid in determining the nutrient supplying power of soil
To help in identification of nutrient deficiency symptoms
To aid in determining the effect of fertility treatment
To study the relationship between nutrient status of plants and
crop performance
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9. Tissue tests
These semi quantitative tests are intended for verification of
deficiency symptoms
General methods
Chopped plant parts will be treated with extractants and intensity
of colour developed will be compared with standards
Plant tissue will be squeezed with pliers to transfer the plant sap
to filter paper
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10. Plant parts tested
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Parts that will give the best indication of nutritional
status
Conductive tissue of the latest mature leaf
Time of testing
Most critical stage is at bloom stage of from bloom to
early fruiting stage
In corn, the leaf opposite and just below the uppermost
ear at silking is sampled
Well suited for forage crops
11. Interpretation
General performance and vigour of plant
Levels of other nutrients in plants
Incidence of insects and pests
Soil conditions like moisture, aeration etc.
Climatic conditions
Time of day
Total analysis
Plant materials are ground and analysed by digesting or ashing.
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12. Critical nutrient concentration (CNC)
• CNC is located in that portion of the curve where the plant nutrient
concentration changes from deficient to adequate
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Crop When to sample Part of plant
Rice Seedling stage All the above
ground portions
Prior to heading Four upper most
leaves
Cucumber Before fruit set Mature leaf near
the base of stem
Leaf crops Mid growth stage Youngest mature
leaf
13. Balance of nutrients
One of the problem in the interpretation of plant analyses is that of
balance among nutrients
Ratios of nutrients in plant tissues are used to study nutrient balance
in crops
Eg:- N/S, K/Mg, K/Ca, Ca+ Mg/K, N/P
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14. DIAGNOSIS AND RECOMMENDATION INTEGRATED SYSTEM (DRIS)
A system that identifies all the nutritional factors limiting crop
production and thus increases the chance of obtaining high crop
yields by improving fertilizer recommendations
Requirements of DRIS
All factors suspected of having an effect on crop yield must be
identified
The relationship between these factors and yield must be described
Calibrated norms must be established
Recommendations suited to a particular set of conditions must be
continually refined
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15. Establishment of DRIS norms
A survey to obtain data required to establish DRIS norms
Random selection of sites representing the production area
Conduct plant and soil analyses
Record all parameters related directly or indirectly to yield
Entire population of observations are divided into two
populations
Each nutrient in plant is expressed in as many ways as possible
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17. Crop logging
A graphical record of the progress of crop containing series of
chemical and physical measurements
Measurements indicating general conditions of plant and suggest
changes in managements
CNC approach is used
Leaf sheath is sampled for analysis
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18. Biological tests
Strip tests of farmer’s field
Neubauer seedling method – based on uptake of nutrients by a large
nos. of plants on a small quantity of soil in short time
Microbiological methods – growth of azetobacter or aspergillus niger
reflects nutrient deficiency in soil
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20. Soil fertility card
Selection of Area:-
Extent of rice cultivation was used as one of the criteria for
selection of area under the project.
Representative areas from three major agro ecological
zones
in the district were also included. Thus 42 Panchayaths
having more than 25% geographical area under rice
representing three agro ecological zones in the district were
selected for sampling.
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21. Soil sampling
Detailed soil survey and surface soil sample collection were
carried out by NBSS & LUP in 12 Panchayaths and by KSSO
in the remaining 30 Panchayaths. Surface soil Samples were
collected from plots under each survey number. Collected
samples were handed over by these agencies to RARS,
Pattambi for processing and estimation of available nutrients.
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22. Soil pollution
Pollution of earth’s natural land surface by
industrial,commercial, domestic and agricultural activities
Introduction of substances into the soil, resulting in a
change of soil quality, which is likely to affect the normal
use of soil or endangering public health and living
environment.
Soil contaminants spilled onto the surface through many
activities.
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24. 24
Land Erosion
Agricultural practices such as application pesticides,herbicides
and fertilizers
Mining and other industries
Oil and fuel dumping
Buried wastes
Disposal of coal ash
Disposal of ammunitions and agents of war.
Drainage of contaminated surface water into the soil
Electronic waste
25. Industrial wastes
Fly ash
Effluents ie. Organic compounds and inorganic complexes
Urban wastes
Commercial and domestic wastes
Solid wastes gargage and plastic, metallic containers
Radioactive pollutants
Nuclear wastes
Thorium, uranium, heavy water (Sr-90, Cs-137) causing gama
radiation
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26. Agricultural practices
Fertilizers and pesticides
Toxic metals- lead, arsenic, mercury, cobalt, cadmium etc.
Acid rain
Air pollution- motor vehicle and factory emissions
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32. Control of soil pollution
Principal remedial strategies
Aeration
Bioremediation
Extraction of ground water or soil vapours
Excavation of soil
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