Site Specific nutrient Management for Precision Agriculture - Anjali Patel (I...Rahul Raj Tandon
Dr. V. N. Mishra is the course teacher and Anjali Patel is the speaker. The presentation discusses site specific nutrient management (SSNM), which aims to optimize nutrient supply according to differences in soil-plant systems for a particular crop in a given season. SSNM involves assessing indigenous nutrient supply from soil and crop residues, determining crop demand based on yield goals, and applying fertilizers based on those factors. Precision tools like GPS, GIS, remote sensing, and variable-rate technology help implement SSNM.
Characterisation and management of salt affected soils (1)aakvd
Salt affected soils are soils containing soluble salts that negatively impact plant growth. They are classified as saline soils containing neutral salts or alkali soils containing soluble sodium salts. Saline soils occur in arid regions due to insufficient rainfall for leaching salts out of the soil. Alkali soils form due to accumulation of soluble sodium salts that disperse soil particles. Management of salt affected soils involves physical measures like leaching and drainage, chemical amendments like gypsum, and soil management practices like basin irrigation and growing salt tolerant crops.
Dryland farming refers to cultivation of crops in regions receiving less than 750mm of annual rainfall without artificial irrigation. The document discusses dryland farming in India, including that over 69.5% of cultivated area is rainfed. It describes challenges like uncertain rainfall, drought, and poor soil quality. It provides strategies for dryland farming such as moisture conservation tillage, appropriate crops and cultivars with deep roots and drought resistance, and contingency crop planning for unpredictable rainfall. The document emphasizes maximizing production through alternative cropping patterns and conserving soil moisture.
Soil fertility evaluation and fertilizer recommendationBharathM64
This document discusses different approaches for evaluating soil fertility and determining fertilizer recommendations, including soil analysis, plant analysis, and visual deficiency symptoms. It describes methods for both rapid tissue tests of fresh plant parts and total laboratory analysis of dried plant materials. Diagnosis and recommendations can be generalized, based on soil test ratings with adjustments, or use the soil test crop response and target yield concept to determine fertilizer doses needed to achieve specific yields.
This document provides an overview of integrated nutrient management (INM). It begins with introductions and headings submitted by M. Ashok Naik to Dr. P. Kavitha regarding a report on INM. It then defines INM as the optimization of all plant nutrient sources, including organic, inorganic, and biofertilizers, to maintain soil fertility and maximize crop yields. The document discusses the concepts, components, classification, and advantages of INM. It also summarizes different organic manure sources like farm yard manure, compost, vermicompost, and their composition and benefits. Finally, it provides details on brown manuring as a no-till practice for organic matter addition and weed control.
This document discusses dryland agriculture, which refers to growing crops entirely through rainfall. It can be divided into dry farming (<750mm rainfall), dryland farming (750-1150mm rainfall), and rainfed farming (>1150mm rainfall). Dry farming occurs in arid regions and has frequent crop failures due to low and variable rainfall. Dryland farming occurs in semi-arid regions and has less frequent crop failures. Rainfed farming occurs in humid regions and has rare crop failures. The document also discusses various irrigation techniques like surface, localized, and subsurface irrigation that help supplement rainfall for crop growth.
A brief study on Integrated Nutrient Management (INM). This presentation has created by me after studying many articles and research papers regarding INM. Suggestions are kindly invited.
Site Specific nutrient Management for Precision Agriculture - Anjali Patel (I...Rahul Raj Tandon
Dr. V. N. Mishra is the course teacher and Anjali Patel is the speaker. The presentation discusses site specific nutrient management (SSNM), which aims to optimize nutrient supply according to differences in soil-plant systems for a particular crop in a given season. SSNM involves assessing indigenous nutrient supply from soil and crop residues, determining crop demand based on yield goals, and applying fertilizers based on those factors. Precision tools like GPS, GIS, remote sensing, and variable-rate technology help implement SSNM.
Characterisation and management of salt affected soils (1)aakvd
Salt affected soils are soils containing soluble salts that negatively impact plant growth. They are classified as saline soils containing neutral salts or alkali soils containing soluble sodium salts. Saline soils occur in arid regions due to insufficient rainfall for leaching salts out of the soil. Alkali soils form due to accumulation of soluble sodium salts that disperse soil particles. Management of salt affected soils involves physical measures like leaching and drainage, chemical amendments like gypsum, and soil management practices like basin irrigation and growing salt tolerant crops.
Dryland farming refers to cultivation of crops in regions receiving less than 750mm of annual rainfall without artificial irrigation. The document discusses dryland farming in India, including that over 69.5% of cultivated area is rainfed. It describes challenges like uncertain rainfall, drought, and poor soil quality. It provides strategies for dryland farming such as moisture conservation tillage, appropriate crops and cultivars with deep roots and drought resistance, and contingency crop planning for unpredictable rainfall. The document emphasizes maximizing production through alternative cropping patterns and conserving soil moisture.
Soil fertility evaluation and fertilizer recommendationBharathM64
This document discusses different approaches for evaluating soil fertility and determining fertilizer recommendations, including soil analysis, plant analysis, and visual deficiency symptoms. It describes methods for both rapid tissue tests of fresh plant parts and total laboratory analysis of dried plant materials. Diagnosis and recommendations can be generalized, based on soil test ratings with adjustments, or use the soil test crop response and target yield concept to determine fertilizer doses needed to achieve specific yields.
This document provides an overview of integrated nutrient management (INM). It begins with introductions and headings submitted by M. Ashok Naik to Dr. P. Kavitha regarding a report on INM. It then defines INM as the optimization of all plant nutrient sources, including organic, inorganic, and biofertilizers, to maintain soil fertility and maximize crop yields. The document discusses the concepts, components, classification, and advantages of INM. It also summarizes different organic manure sources like farm yard manure, compost, vermicompost, and their composition and benefits. Finally, it provides details on brown manuring as a no-till practice for organic matter addition and weed control.
This document discusses dryland agriculture, which refers to growing crops entirely through rainfall. It can be divided into dry farming (<750mm rainfall), dryland farming (750-1150mm rainfall), and rainfed farming (>1150mm rainfall). Dry farming occurs in arid regions and has frequent crop failures due to low and variable rainfall. Dryland farming occurs in semi-arid regions and has less frequent crop failures. Rainfed farming occurs in humid regions and has rare crop failures. The document also discusses various irrigation techniques like surface, localized, and subsurface irrigation that help supplement rainfall for crop growth.
A brief study on Integrated Nutrient Management (INM). This presentation has created by me after studying many articles and research papers regarding INM. Suggestions are kindly invited.
This document provides an introduction to the course titled "Rainfed Agriculture and Watershed Management". It discusses key topics that will be covered in the course including the introduction and history of rainfed agriculture, problems of dryland farming, soil and climatic conditions of rainfed areas, soil and water conservation techniques, drought classification and impacts, crop adaptation to drought, water harvesting methods, and watershed management concepts. The document outlines the course credits, topics, teaching schedule, and suggested readings to provide an overview of the content that will be covered.
1) The document discusses rainfed agriculture in India, which occupies 67% of cultivated land but produces 44% of food grains. It defines dry farming, dryland farming and rainfed farming based on annual rainfall.
2) It provides a brief history of developments in rainfed agriculture in India starting from the 1920s, including establishment of research stations and institutions.
3) The document outlines several problems faced in rainfed agriculture like inadequate and uneven rainfall distribution, long gaps between rainfall, early/late monsoon onset, early cessation of rains, and prolonged dry spells. It provides solutions to address each problem.
Crop diversification for Sustainable AgricultureGuru6005
This document discusses crop diversification in India. It defines crop diversification as shifting from less profitable crops or systems to more profitable and sustainable ones. It notes some key benefits as increasing income, withstanding price fluctuations, and improving sustainability. Some important approaches discussed are horizontal diversification through crop substitution or intensification, and vertical diversification through crops, livestock, fisheries etc. Factors determining successful diversification include environment, infrastructure, prices and household factors. Priority areas identified include shifting from low to high value crops, single to mixed crops, and agriculture to agriculture plus processing. Constraints to diversification in India include rainfall dependence and issues around land fragmentation and input supply.
This document provides an overview of soil health and soil science concepts. It defines soil and describes its key properties. Soil is a complex, living system composed of physical, chemical and biological components. The document outlines the different types of soils based on taxonomy and discusses various soil profiles. It also addresses threats to soil health such as erosion, organic matter decline, contamination, salinization and others. The roles of soil in supporting plant growth, water regulation and environmental buffering are examined.
Soil health refers to a soil's ability to sustain plant and animal productivity, maintain water and air quality, and support human habitation. A healthy soil is in a state of well-being biologically, chemically, and physically, and is able to perform functions like nutrient cycling without degradation over time. Soil health is context-dependent and can be defined differently based on user priorities and the soil's inherent qualities and geographic situation. Generic aspects of a healthy soil include supporting a diversity of productive uses and life, absorbing and recycling nutrients at a high rate relative to climate limits, and having low levels of contamination and erosion.
This document discusses soil test crop response (STCR) studies. STCR studies determine the quantitative relationship between soil test values, crop yields, and fertilizer rates. The objectives are to study crop yield responses to soil nutrients, derive yield targeting equations, evaluate soil test methods, and determine how organic matter affects fertilizer needs. Targeted yield approaches estimate nutrient requirements for a given yield goal. STCR provides relationships between soil tests, crop yields, and allows precision in fertilizer doses based on soil conditions. Methods include gradient and test crop experiments. Yield targeting equations are meant for specific soil and climate conditions. STCR can help with precision agriculture by creating nutrient maps loaded into variable-rate fertilizer spreaders.
Unit 1 lecture-1 soil fertility and soil productivityLuxmiKantTripathi
The document discusses the concepts of soil fertility and productivity, outlining key factors that affect each such as parent material, climate, organic matter and crop management practices. It also reviews the history of understanding soil fertility from ancient Greek and Roman scholars to modern scientists who established theories of plant nutrition and developed agricultural experiments. The overall goal is for students to understand essential plant nutrients and their roles in agriculture and crop production.
1. The document discusses farming systems and sustainable agriculture. It defines farming systems and lists their advantages.
2. Key components of sustainable agriculture are discussed, including soil conservation, crop diversity, nutrient management, and integrated pest management.
3. The three pillars of sustainability - economic, environmental, and social - are outlined. Benefits and disadvantages of sustainable agriculture are also provided.
Integrated farming system and sustainable agricultureShaheenPraveen1
Integrated Farming System (IFS) is a sustainable agricultural approach that improves productivity and reduces costs through effective recycling and reuse of resources. In IFS, different farm enterprises like crops, livestock, and fisheries interact synergistically by using the waste of one component as input for another. This reduces costs and improves production and income while maintaining ecological sustainability. The objectives of IFS include improving farmer livelihoods, reducing external inputs, providing year-round employment and income, enhancing biodiversity, and sustaining soil health and productivity through efficient recycling of farm waste and minimizing nutrient losses. IFS presents an alternative to conventional farming that is better for both the environment and long-term economic viability of small-scale farmers.
Flooded soils – formation, characteristics and managementMahiiKarthii
Flooded soils, also known as hydric soils, form when soils are saturated with water for a sufficiently long time each year, resulting in gley horizons from oxidation-reduction processes. Flooded soils have three zones - an upper partially oxidized organic matter-rich zone, a mottled middle zone where oxidation and reduction occur, and a lower permanently reduced bluish-green zone. Physical, chemical, and biological changes occur in flooded soils, including soil compaction, puddling, accumulation of gases like carbon dioxide, and changes in redox potential and pH. Management of flooded soils involves drainage installation, controlled irrigation, crop selection, and planting of trees with high transpiration rates to remove excess water.
Introduction
enlist of problematic soil
Salt affected soil
Characteristic of salt affected soil
Comparison between salt affected soil
Reclamation of Saline soils
Reclamation of sodic soils
Reclamation of saline-sodic soils
Acidic soils
Reclamation of acidic soil
Acid Sulphate soils and its management
Calcareous soil
Tillage operations are carried out to prepare soil for planting crops by improving tilth. Good tilth refers to soil that is porous and friable with balanced capillary and non-capillary pores. The objectives of tillage include preparing seed beds, controlling weeds, conserving soil and water, improving soil structure and aeration, increasing permeability, and destroying pests. Tillage influences soil physical properties like pore space, structure, bulk density and water content. Primary tillage includes plowing using various plows, while secondary tillage further breaks up clods and prepares seed beds through harrowing and planking. Minimum tillage aims to reduce tillage operations and their negative impacts.
This document discusses various agronomic measures for soil conservation. It defines contour cultivation as conducting agricultural activities like plowing and sowing across the slope of the land. This reduces soil and water loss by interrupting runoff. Choice of crops and cropping systems can also impact soil conservation, with close-growing crops providing better protection than row crops. Other agronomic measures discussed include strip cropping, cover crops, mulching, and applying manures/fertilizers. Mechanical measures to conserve soil include contour bunding, graded bunding, bench terracing, and vegetative barriers.
Fertilizer use efficiency depends on many factors related to the soil, climate, crop, and fertilizer characteristics. Only a fraction of the nutrients in fertilizer may be absorbed by crops, with the rest lost through leaching, volatilization, immobilization, or interactions between fertilizers. Maximum efficiency is obtained when the minimum amount of fertilizer needed is applied based on soil testing. Efficiency varies depending on soil properties like texture, pH, temperature, and moisture as well as the fertilizer type and application method used.
GIS and Remote Sensing in Diagnosis and Management of Problem Soil with audio...KaminiKumari13
GIS and Remote Sensing in Diagnosis and Management of Problem Soil for agriculture, soil science, agronomy, forestry, land management and planning with audio by Dr. Kamini Roy
cropping systems and farming systems,Ppt lodha introGovardhan Lodha
Concept of sustainability in cropping systems and farming systems, scope
and objectives; production potential under monoculture, double cropping,
multiple cropping, alley cropping, sequential cropping and intercropping,
mechanism of yield advantage in intercropping systems.
Assessment of soil quality for soil healthPAJANCOA
Soil quality and soil health are closely related terms referring to a soil's ability to function properly. Assessing soil quality involves measuring indicators related to physical, chemical, and biological properties. Commonly used indicators include soil organic matter, nutrient levels, pH, infiltration rate, aggregate stability, and microbial biomass. Assessment results are used to evaluate management practices, identify issues, and guide more sustainable practices. The Government of India has initiatives like the Soil Health Card Scheme to promote soil testing and balanced fertilizer use to improve soil quality and agricultural productivity.
This document discusses multi-tier cropping systems for vegetable production in India. It provides examples of vegetable-based multi-tier systems including elephant foot yam grown with bitter gourd, ridge gourd, or bottle gourd. Data shows these intercropping systems can increase total yields and incomes compared to sole cropping. Multi-tier systems make better use of space, resources, and provide continuous income from multiple crops. While labor intensive, multi-tier cropping improves soil health and supports more sustainable agricultural production.
The document discusses the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) method for interpreting plant tissue analysis. DRIS considers nutrient concentration ratios rather than individual elements. It measures the relative balance between nutrients using index values, with negative values indicating deficiencies. DRIS can reveal both the limiting nutrient and the order nutrients may become limiting. It identifies all nutritional factors limiting crop production to improve fertilizer recommendations and maximize yields.
Potassium- Forms,Equilibrium in soils and its agricultural significance ,mech...Vaishali Sharma
The slide is conserned with the potassium fertilisers apllied in the soils. When the fertiliser applied in higher amount then it is avail in different form for plant uptake and there exist a equilibrium in soils and it has many agricultural significance and the slide also deal with brief on the mechanism of potassium fixation in the soil.
1. Soil quality is defined as the capacity of soil to function within ecosystem boundaries to sustain plant and animal health as well as maintain environmental quality.
2. Factors that affect soil quality include climate, living organisms, topography, parent material, and time. Soil quality parameters include physical, chemical, and biological factors.
3. Characteristics of healthy soil include good tilth, sufficient depth, good water storage and drainage abilities, and low weed pressure.
Soil quality is considered as the capacity of a soil to function. Two types - Inherent & Dynamic Qualities. Assessment of soil quality. Selevtioof parameter. Physical Chemical and Biological parameters
This document provides an introduction to the course titled "Rainfed Agriculture and Watershed Management". It discusses key topics that will be covered in the course including the introduction and history of rainfed agriculture, problems of dryland farming, soil and climatic conditions of rainfed areas, soil and water conservation techniques, drought classification and impacts, crop adaptation to drought, water harvesting methods, and watershed management concepts. The document outlines the course credits, topics, teaching schedule, and suggested readings to provide an overview of the content that will be covered.
1) The document discusses rainfed agriculture in India, which occupies 67% of cultivated land but produces 44% of food grains. It defines dry farming, dryland farming and rainfed farming based on annual rainfall.
2) It provides a brief history of developments in rainfed agriculture in India starting from the 1920s, including establishment of research stations and institutions.
3) The document outlines several problems faced in rainfed agriculture like inadequate and uneven rainfall distribution, long gaps between rainfall, early/late monsoon onset, early cessation of rains, and prolonged dry spells. It provides solutions to address each problem.
Crop diversification for Sustainable AgricultureGuru6005
This document discusses crop diversification in India. It defines crop diversification as shifting from less profitable crops or systems to more profitable and sustainable ones. It notes some key benefits as increasing income, withstanding price fluctuations, and improving sustainability. Some important approaches discussed are horizontal diversification through crop substitution or intensification, and vertical diversification through crops, livestock, fisheries etc. Factors determining successful diversification include environment, infrastructure, prices and household factors. Priority areas identified include shifting from low to high value crops, single to mixed crops, and agriculture to agriculture plus processing. Constraints to diversification in India include rainfall dependence and issues around land fragmentation and input supply.
This document provides an overview of soil health and soil science concepts. It defines soil and describes its key properties. Soil is a complex, living system composed of physical, chemical and biological components. The document outlines the different types of soils based on taxonomy and discusses various soil profiles. It also addresses threats to soil health such as erosion, organic matter decline, contamination, salinization and others. The roles of soil in supporting plant growth, water regulation and environmental buffering are examined.
Soil health refers to a soil's ability to sustain plant and animal productivity, maintain water and air quality, and support human habitation. A healthy soil is in a state of well-being biologically, chemically, and physically, and is able to perform functions like nutrient cycling without degradation over time. Soil health is context-dependent and can be defined differently based on user priorities and the soil's inherent qualities and geographic situation. Generic aspects of a healthy soil include supporting a diversity of productive uses and life, absorbing and recycling nutrients at a high rate relative to climate limits, and having low levels of contamination and erosion.
This document discusses soil test crop response (STCR) studies. STCR studies determine the quantitative relationship between soil test values, crop yields, and fertilizer rates. The objectives are to study crop yield responses to soil nutrients, derive yield targeting equations, evaluate soil test methods, and determine how organic matter affects fertilizer needs. Targeted yield approaches estimate nutrient requirements for a given yield goal. STCR provides relationships between soil tests, crop yields, and allows precision in fertilizer doses based on soil conditions. Methods include gradient and test crop experiments. Yield targeting equations are meant for specific soil and climate conditions. STCR can help with precision agriculture by creating nutrient maps loaded into variable-rate fertilizer spreaders.
Unit 1 lecture-1 soil fertility and soil productivityLuxmiKantTripathi
The document discusses the concepts of soil fertility and productivity, outlining key factors that affect each such as parent material, climate, organic matter and crop management practices. It also reviews the history of understanding soil fertility from ancient Greek and Roman scholars to modern scientists who established theories of plant nutrition and developed agricultural experiments. The overall goal is for students to understand essential plant nutrients and their roles in agriculture and crop production.
1. The document discusses farming systems and sustainable agriculture. It defines farming systems and lists their advantages.
2. Key components of sustainable agriculture are discussed, including soil conservation, crop diversity, nutrient management, and integrated pest management.
3. The three pillars of sustainability - economic, environmental, and social - are outlined. Benefits and disadvantages of sustainable agriculture are also provided.
Integrated farming system and sustainable agricultureShaheenPraveen1
Integrated Farming System (IFS) is a sustainable agricultural approach that improves productivity and reduces costs through effective recycling and reuse of resources. In IFS, different farm enterprises like crops, livestock, and fisheries interact synergistically by using the waste of one component as input for another. This reduces costs and improves production and income while maintaining ecological sustainability. The objectives of IFS include improving farmer livelihoods, reducing external inputs, providing year-round employment and income, enhancing biodiversity, and sustaining soil health and productivity through efficient recycling of farm waste and minimizing nutrient losses. IFS presents an alternative to conventional farming that is better for both the environment and long-term economic viability of small-scale farmers.
Flooded soils – formation, characteristics and managementMahiiKarthii
Flooded soils, also known as hydric soils, form when soils are saturated with water for a sufficiently long time each year, resulting in gley horizons from oxidation-reduction processes. Flooded soils have three zones - an upper partially oxidized organic matter-rich zone, a mottled middle zone where oxidation and reduction occur, and a lower permanently reduced bluish-green zone. Physical, chemical, and biological changes occur in flooded soils, including soil compaction, puddling, accumulation of gases like carbon dioxide, and changes in redox potential and pH. Management of flooded soils involves drainage installation, controlled irrigation, crop selection, and planting of trees with high transpiration rates to remove excess water.
Introduction
enlist of problematic soil
Salt affected soil
Characteristic of salt affected soil
Comparison between salt affected soil
Reclamation of Saline soils
Reclamation of sodic soils
Reclamation of saline-sodic soils
Acidic soils
Reclamation of acidic soil
Acid Sulphate soils and its management
Calcareous soil
Tillage operations are carried out to prepare soil for planting crops by improving tilth. Good tilth refers to soil that is porous and friable with balanced capillary and non-capillary pores. The objectives of tillage include preparing seed beds, controlling weeds, conserving soil and water, improving soil structure and aeration, increasing permeability, and destroying pests. Tillage influences soil physical properties like pore space, structure, bulk density and water content. Primary tillage includes plowing using various plows, while secondary tillage further breaks up clods and prepares seed beds through harrowing and planking. Minimum tillage aims to reduce tillage operations and their negative impacts.
This document discusses various agronomic measures for soil conservation. It defines contour cultivation as conducting agricultural activities like plowing and sowing across the slope of the land. This reduces soil and water loss by interrupting runoff. Choice of crops and cropping systems can also impact soil conservation, with close-growing crops providing better protection than row crops. Other agronomic measures discussed include strip cropping, cover crops, mulching, and applying manures/fertilizers. Mechanical measures to conserve soil include contour bunding, graded bunding, bench terracing, and vegetative barriers.
Fertilizer use efficiency depends on many factors related to the soil, climate, crop, and fertilizer characteristics. Only a fraction of the nutrients in fertilizer may be absorbed by crops, with the rest lost through leaching, volatilization, immobilization, or interactions between fertilizers. Maximum efficiency is obtained when the minimum amount of fertilizer needed is applied based on soil testing. Efficiency varies depending on soil properties like texture, pH, temperature, and moisture as well as the fertilizer type and application method used.
GIS and Remote Sensing in Diagnosis and Management of Problem Soil with audio...KaminiKumari13
GIS and Remote Sensing in Diagnosis and Management of Problem Soil for agriculture, soil science, agronomy, forestry, land management and planning with audio by Dr. Kamini Roy
cropping systems and farming systems,Ppt lodha introGovardhan Lodha
Concept of sustainability in cropping systems and farming systems, scope
and objectives; production potential under monoculture, double cropping,
multiple cropping, alley cropping, sequential cropping and intercropping,
mechanism of yield advantage in intercropping systems.
Assessment of soil quality for soil healthPAJANCOA
Soil quality and soil health are closely related terms referring to a soil's ability to function properly. Assessing soil quality involves measuring indicators related to physical, chemical, and biological properties. Commonly used indicators include soil organic matter, nutrient levels, pH, infiltration rate, aggregate stability, and microbial biomass. Assessment results are used to evaluate management practices, identify issues, and guide more sustainable practices. The Government of India has initiatives like the Soil Health Card Scheme to promote soil testing and balanced fertilizer use to improve soil quality and agricultural productivity.
This document discusses multi-tier cropping systems for vegetable production in India. It provides examples of vegetable-based multi-tier systems including elephant foot yam grown with bitter gourd, ridge gourd, or bottle gourd. Data shows these intercropping systems can increase total yields and incomes compared to sole cropping. Multi-tier systems make better use of space, resources, and provide continuous income from multiple crops. While labor intensive, multi-tier cropping improves soil health and supports more sustainable agricultural production.
The document discusses the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) method for interpreting plant tissue analysis. DRIS considers nutrient concentration ratios rather than individual elements. It measures the relative balance between nutrients using index values, with negative values indicating deficiencies. DRIS can reveal both the limiting nutrient and the order nutrients may become limiting. It identifies all nutritional factors limiting crop production to improve fertilizer recommendations and maximize yields.
Potassium- Forms,Equilibrium in soils and its agricultural significance ,mech...Vaishali Sharma
The slide is conserned with the potassium fertilisers apllied in the soils. When the fertiliser applied in higher amount then it is avail in different form for plant uptake and there exist a equilibrium in soils and it has many agricultural significance and the slide also deal with brief on the mechanism of potassium fixation in the soil.
1. Soil quality is defined as the capacity of soil to function within ecosystem boundaries to sustain plant and animal health as well as maintain environmental quality.
2. Factors that affect soil quality include climate, living organisms, topography, parent material, and time. Soil quality parameters include physical, chemical, and biological factors.
3. Characteristics of healthy soil include good tilth, sufficient depth, good water storage and drainage abilities, and low weed pressure.
Soil quality is considered as the capacity of a soil to function. Two types - Inherent & Dynamic Qualities. Assessment of soil quality. Selevtioof parameter. Physical Chemical and Biological parameters
This document provides an overview of assessing soil quality. It discusses the importance of evaluating soil quality to understand the impacts of management practices on soil functions. Key parameters for assessing soil quality are organized into physical, chemical, and biological indicators. Common methods for evaluating soil quality indicators include statistical analysis, soil quality indexing, and case studies. Maintaining or improving soil quality is important for ensuring soil health and sustainable agricultural productivity over the long term.
2. SAC 202 Lr 1 14.09.2023 lec 1 sac.pptAkash486765
Soil health is defined as a soil's ability to function properly by retaining water and nutrients, promoting plant growth, and maintaining a diverse community of organisms. The document discusses key indicators of soil health, including physical properties like aggregate stability and infiltration rate, chemical properties like organic matter and pH levels, and biological properties like microbial activity. Maintaining optimal levels of these various soil quality indicators helps ensure soils can sustain plant and crop growth over the long term in an environmentally friendly manner.
Chapter1 soil quality and soil health .pptxKartikeyRai13
This document provides an overview of soil quality and soil health. It defines soil quality as "the capacity of a specific kind of soil to function within natural or managed ecosystem boundaries to sustain plant and animal productivity, maintain or enhance water and air quality and support human health and habitation." Soil health is viewed as similar to soil quality, referring to a soil's "fitness" to support uses like crop growth based on its potential and sensitivity to disturbance. The document also outlines five key functions of soil and discusses inherent and dynamic aspects of assessing soil quality over time.
This document discusses soil quality and sustainable agriculture. It defines soil quality as a soil's ability to function for its intended use. Sustainable agriculture aims to satisfy human needs while enhancing the environment and natural resources. Maintaining soil quality through practices like reduced tillage, crop rotations, and organic matter additions is important for achieving sustainable agriculture goals. Future research priorities include developing soil quality indexes, identifying biological indicators, and understanding how management practices impact soil quality indicators and agricultural sustainability.
SOIL HEALTH MANAGEMENT IN RICE BASED CROPPING SYSTEM IN DIFFERENT LAND TYPES ...sobhagya tripathy
This document discusses soil health management in rice-based cropping systems in different land types in Orissa, India. It provides background on soil types in Orissa, the functions of healthy soil, and statistics on rice cultivation areas and soil suitability ratings. It defines concepts of soil health, quality, and related topics. It notes that soil productivity needs to be enhanced to ensure food security and discusses strategies to improve soil health through alternative agricultural practices like crop rotation and organic farming. Maintaining soil health is important for sustainable agriculture and is linked to human and environmental health.
The document discusses soil degradation, quality, and health. It defines soil degradation as changes that diminish a soil's ability to provide goods and services. Several types of degradation are described, including water erosion, chemical degradation like acidification, and physical degradation like compaction. Causes include deforestation, overgrazing, and inappropriate irrigation. Key processes are discussed, such as the degradation of physical, chemical, and biological soil properties. Soil quality and health are defined as a soil's ability to perform functions like supporting plant growth and nutrient cycling. Important indicators for assessing soil quality and health are identified, including physical, chemical, and biological properties. Characteristics of healthy soils include good structure, sufficient nutrients, low pollution, and
This document discusses soil quality, including its definition, importance, assessment tools, and indicators. Soil quality refers to a soil's ability to function within its ecosystem boundaries to support plant and animal productivity. It is assessed using measurable indicators that reflect the soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties and functions. Maintaining and improving soil quality is important for sustaining agricultural productivity, environmental health, and future land use.
Soil Health definition and relationship to soil biology
Characteristics of healthy soil
Assessment of soil health
Framework for evaluating soil health
Indicators
Types of indicators
Biological indicators
Role of biological indicators
Impact of Land Use Systems and Parent Materials on Soil Quality Indicators in...BRNSS Publication Hub
A study on the impact of parent materials and land use on soil quality indicators in soils of Akwa Ibom State was conducted. The aim was to evaluate the impact of parent materials and land use systems on soil quality indicators. Three parent materials (coastal plain sand, sandstone/shale, and beach ridge sand) and three land use types (cultivated land, fallow land of 3–5 years, and oil palm plantation) were selected for the study. In each land use type per parent material, six composite soil samples were collected from the representative location within the three land use types using soil auger within 0–30 cm soil depth. Undisturbed core samples were also collected for bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity determinations. A total of 52 soil samples were generated for laboratory analysis. Results showed that among the parent materials, coastal plain sand soil had the highest silt + clay fraction, organic matter, total N, available P, and exchangeable K, followed by sandstone/shale while beach ridge sand soil had the least. Among the land use types, oil palm plantation had the highest silt + clay fraction, organic matter, exchangeable Ca and K, followed by fallow land while cultivated land had the least. The combination of parent material and land use indicated that cultivated, fallow and oil palm plantation of coastal plain sand soils had the highest water and nutrient holding capacity, high rooting volume, good aeration status, less erosion threat, higher exchange sites, more available nutrients for plant uptake, more biological activity, etc., followed by sandstone/shale while beach ridge sand had the least in the study area. The application of more organic and less inorganic fertilizers will improve the soil quality of the study area.
factor responsible for nutrient in soil and their contribution to soil fertility. importance of soil fertility, processes involved in sustaining soil productivity
Soil productivity is defined as the capacity of soil to support plant growth and is affected by several key factors. These include the soil's parent material and physical conditions like texture, structure, bulk density, water, and atmosphere, which influence nutrient availability. Organic matter content is also important as it releases nutrients, improves the soil's water and nutrient holding capacity, and acts as a buffer. The soil's reaction, whether acid or alkaline, impacts which nutrients are involved and available to plants. Erosion and proper management practices further affect a soil's productivity.
This document discusses soil health and the value of soil stewardship. It defines soil health as a soil's ability to function in a way that benefits both humans and the environment. Key indicators of soil health include physical properties like density and water retention, chemical properties like nutrients and pH, and biological properties like organisms and biological activity. The document outlines methods for assessing soil health both qualitatively by examining soil properties visually and quantitatively by measuring chemical, physical, and biological indicators. It notes the focus of current research is linking soil quality indicators to crop performance and using new statistical and microbiological techniques like metagenomics. Maintaining soil health through practices like reducing tillage is important for sustaining agricultural productivity over the long term.
This document discusses soil management presented by Joel Manning, Andre Jackson, Sasha-Gaye Mowatt and Tyrese Christie. It defines soil management as applying practices to protect and enhance soil performance. It describes physical characteristics like color, texture and chemical characteristics including macro and micro nutrients. It outlines procedures to determine soil pH using a pH meter or indicator in water or calcium chloride solution. The document evaluates when ameliorants are needed and tools used, and assesses the need for occupational health and safety standards when using machinery, chemicals and introducing risks. It discusses inspecting equipment for safety before use and references literature on the topic.
CPT009 - DEFINITION AND COMPOSITION OF SOIL.pptxSINCERELYJA
This document defines soil and its composition. It states that soil is a natural body formed from weathered rocks and minerals that serves as a medium for plant growth. Soil is composed of around 45% mineral matter, 5% organic matter, and 50% pore spaces occupied by either air or water. The mineral matter varies in size from sand to clay. Organic matter provides nutrients and improves soil structure. Soil science studies the properties of soil and its relationship to plant growth. Key areas of study include fertility, physics, chemistry, and microbiology.
Soil is a nonrenewable resource that provides many functions including being arable land for agriculture, regulating water and filtering pollutants, nutrient cycling, foundation and support, and containing mineral deposits. Human activities like soil erosion, compaction, intensive agriculture, urbanization, and desertification can degrade soil quality by reducing nutrients, organic matter, and biodiversity. Conservation methods include increasing soil organic matter, keeping the soil covered, reducing tillage, efficient pest and nutrient management, crop rotation, and preventing erosion and compaction.
Agro ecological assessment of soil quality of a river watershed in the niger ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that analyzed soil samples from 9 sites around the River Ediene watershed in Nigeria to determine soil quality. Chemical tests found the soil to have low levels of important nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium compared to standards. Organic matter content was only 0.9%, far below the ideal level of 5%. The soil was also acidic with a pH of 6.17. Overall, the study concluded the soil quality was poor and would need to be improved for effective agriculture due to deficiencies in important nutrients and organic matter.
Why aren’t we talking about soil securityBijay Singh
The document discusses the importance of soil and soil health for sustaining life. It notes that soil is the environment that provides necessities for life through nutrient cycling, water retention, and biodiversity. Soil is comprised of ecosystems that are essential for anchoring life. However, half of the world's topsoil has been lost in the last 150 years due to erosion, loss of organic matter, and other degradation. Maintaining soil organic matter and adopting conservation agriculture practices are key to soil and agricultural sustainability. The document advocates for recognizing soil security to protect this vital resource and safeguard ecosystems, food supplies, and humanity.
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Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
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A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
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The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
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• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
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CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
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2. Soil Quality
Soil Quality mainly encompasses two distinct but
related parts
1. Innate Qualities (Soil Formation & Characteristics)
2. Dynamic Qualities (Soil Erosion & Management)
The integration of growth-enhancing factors
that makes a soil productive has often been
referred to as "soil quality“ or How well soil
does what we want it to do.
As per USDA(1994) Soil quality can be defined as
The capacity of a specific kind of soil to
function, within its natural or managed
ecosystem boundaries, to sustain animal and
plant productivity, maintain or enhance air and
water quality and support human health and
habitats.
2
3. Factors Affecting Soil Quality
1. Topography
2. Climate
3. Parent Material
4. Time
5. Living Organism
3
4.
5. “
Soil Quality
Capacity of a soil to function
within its ecosystem boundary to
sustain biological productivity,
maintain environmental quality
and promote plant and animal
health
-Doran & Parkin, 1994
5
6. IMPORTANCE OF SOIL QUALITY
❧ Soils are the storehouses for water and nutrients. Plants draw on these
stores as needed to produce roots, stems, leaves, and, eventually, food
and fiber for human consumption.
❧ The soil matrix is the major incubation chamber for the decomposition
of organic wastes, for example, pesticides, sewage, and solid wastes.
❧ The reason that soil quality matters is that healthy soil can store and
process more water. Poor quality, depleted soil, won't hold water and
will make it impossible for your plants to thrive and survive.
6
7.
8. Big concept
The soil quality concept recognises the concern for the sustainability of
current arable land use practices. It integrates soil chemical, physical
and biological properties, and takes account of the interaction of soil
with water and air.
8
9. It cannot be determined by measuring only
crop yield, water quality, or any other single
outcome it is an assessment of how it
performs all of its functions now and how
those functions are being preserved for
future use.
Soil quality cannot be measured directly, so
we evaluate indicators. Indicators can be
physical, chemical, and biological
characteristics.
ASSESSMENT OF SOIL QUALITY
Indicators are measurable properties of soil
or plants that provide clues about how well
the soil can function.
Useful indicators Means:
• Should be easy to measure.
• Measure changes in soil functions
• Re accessible to many users and applicable
in field conditions.
• Are sensitive to variations in climate and
management.
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10. Soil Quality parameters
Physical Factor
• Soil depth & Water
Holding Capacity
• Physical environment-
Structure, Aeration,
Drainage, Texture, Density
• Soil Erosion- Water and
Wind Erosion
Chemical Factors
Nutrient Availability-
Capacity & Intensity Factor
• Soil Reaction- Acidic,
Saline, Sodic Soil
• Presence of toxic elements
• Ion Exchange
Phenomena(CEC & AEC)
Biological Factors
Microorganisms present
and their interaction among
themselves
• Earth worms activities
• Soil Enzyme Activity
• Organic Matter content
10
11. Soil Health
Soil health has been defined as the "the continued
capacity of soil to function as a vital living system,
within ecosystem and land-use boundaries, to
sustain biological productivity, promote the
quality of air and water environments, and
maintain plant, animal, and human health"
(Pankhurst et al., 1997).
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15. Farmers Method
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1. Farmer who work daily with soils usually note that
some of their fields perform better than others .
2. They tend to judge the quality or condition of their soils
by such observable factors as the performance of the crop
plants, the colors associated with accumulation of organic
matter, the ease of tillage ,the presence of standing water
after rain storms.