This document provides an overview of technical night vision, including its history, working principles, devices, applications, and advantages. It discusses how night vision works using either thermal imaging or image enhancement technologies. Different generations of night vision devices are described, from Generation 0 to Generation 4, with improvements in amplification and operating life. Common night vision applications include military, hunting, wildlife observation, surveillance, and security. The main advantages are the ability to see in low-light or no-light conditions. Future developments could allow sharing of night vision images between devices over long distances.

1. Presented by
Lavanya.R
Salma.SK
From:
KECW

2. contents
Introduction
Working of Technical Night Vision
Night Vision Devices
Applications
advantages
Conclusion

3. HISTORY
•Pre 1940’s: Flares and spot lights were used for
operations at night.
•Due to the nature of these early night vision
devices (NVD), they gave away tactical positions.
•Military scientists began to think of ways to
improve night vision to gain a strategic
advantage.

4. A tank from
WorldWar II
equipped
with a
search light
used for
night
combat.

5. INTRODUCTION
• literally allows one to see in the
dark.
 It is originally developed for
military use .
 Humans have poor night vision
compared animals.
 With the proper night-vision
equipment, we can see a person
standing over 200 yards (183 m)
away on a moonless, cloudy
night.

6. •The night vision is possible because of two
approaches:
(1) Sufficient spectral range
(2) Sufficient intensity range
•Two technologies are used for night vision:
(1)Thermal Imaging
(2)Image Enhancement
HOW DOES IT WORK?

7. Fig1:- Image intensifier process

8. Thermal Imaging
 All objects emit infrared energy as a function of their temperature.
 A lens focuses the infrared light.
 The focused light is scanned and create temperature pattern.
 The pattern created is translated into electric impulses
 The impulses are sent to a circuit board that translates the
information into data for the display.

9.  The signal-processing unit sends the information to the is play, and appears
as various colors.
 Thermal images are black and white in nature.
Fig2:-Thermal imaging process

10.  The combination of all the impulses from all of the elements
creates the image.
Day time night time
by using thermal image

11. NIGHT VISION DEVICES
 Night vision devices
are basically divided
into three categories:
 Scopes: They are
monocular normally
handheld or mounted
on a weapon.
 Goggles: They are
binocular and worn
on the head.
 Cameras: Used for
transmission or
recording of images
mostly if the location
is fixed.

13. Contd…
Fig4:- Generations1 Night vision
Sources: http://www.nightvision.com

14. Contd…
Generation 2
 First Micro channel Plate Application
 One-Quarter Moon Operation
 Amplification: 20,000
 Operating Life: 2,500 Hours
Generation3
 Improved Micro channel Plate & Photocathode
 Starlight Operation
 Amplification: 40,000
 Operating Life: 10,000 Hour

15. Contd…
Fig5:- Generations2 Night vision device
Sources: http://www.nightvision.com

16. Generation 4
The U.S. Army procures night vision devices
through multi-year/multi-product
contracts referred to as "Omnibus" -
abbreviated as "OMNI". For each successive
OMNI
contract, ITT has provided Gen 3 devices
with increasingly higher performance. ( See
range detection chart directly below)
Therefore, Gen 3 devices may be further
defined as OMNI 3, 4, 5, etc. Current
Omnibus contract as of 2006 is OMNI 7.

17.  Generation 0 : eg:-M1,M4
 Generation 1 : eg:-AN/PVS-2
 Generation 2 : eg:-AN/PVS-4 , AN/PVS-5
SUPER GEN
 Generation 3 : eg:-AN/PVS-7 , AN/PVS-14
NVS-7 ,NVS-14
 Generation 4 : eg:-AN/PVS-22,NVS-22

18. APPLICATINOS
 Military
 Hunting
 Wildlife observation
 Surveillance
 Security
 Hidden-object detection
Pic-Some Useful Application
This soldier is using DARK
INVADER night-vision
goggles.
BMW's NightVision with
Pedestrian Detection system

19. ADVANTAGES
• The biggest advantage is it Just having the ability to see in the dark.
• The main advantages of image intensifiers as night vision devices are
their small size, light weight, low power requirements and low cost.

20. FUTURE SCOPE
•Future night vision goggles are being designed
not just
to see at night but also to allow soldiers to share
images of what they see with other soldiers who
may be miles away.
•Scientists are experimenting with Panoramic
Night Vision Goggles (PNVGs) which double
the user's field of view to around 95 degrees by
using four 16 mm image intensifiers tubes,
rather than the more standard two 18 mm
tubes. And lets hope that more and more
advancements will be made in the field of night
vision technologies.

21. THANK YOU