This document summarizes salivary markers of systemic diseases. Saliva is a non-invasive diagnostic fluid that has several advantages over blood, including being easy to collect. Saliva contains biomarkers that can indicate diseases like Sjogren's syndrome, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, and various cancers. New technologies are being developed to more precisely measure salivary proteomes, transcriptomes, and other biomarkers to diagnose diseases from saliva. Saliva is a promising diagnostic fluid that reflects the body's health status in a non-invasive way.

1. SALIVARY MARKERS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASES BY Y.PRAGZNA(10T21S0113) UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Mrs. M. SANDHYA M.PHARM ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

3. Saliva physiology

4. Advantages & disadvantages

5. Saliva collection, processing & storage

6. Diagnostic applications

7. Salivary proteome & transcriptome

9. SALIVARY MARKERS Non invasive diagnosis of disease and monitoring of general health

12. Anti-microbial

13. Mucosal integrity

14. Lavage/cleansing

15. Buffering

17. Digestion

18. Taste

19. Speech

21. No needles and No cringing.

22. Home testing.

23. It has an average protein concentration of 1.5-2 mg/ml.

24. Cost of shipping & Storage tend to be lower.Informative analytes are present in lower amounts in saliva than in serum. DISADVANTAGES

25. Whole saliva collection Ductal secretions collection Parotid secretions collection Sub mandibular & sub lingual secretions collection Saliva collection

27. RNA analysis: Add 1.65µL of SUPERase inhibitor.(2)Invert gently to mix. (3)Store all fractions at -80ºc.

28. Salivary/Oral Fluid Biomarkers Possibilities of Use DNA Standard genotyping Genetic information of the hosting human body Bacterial infection (oral microbes in the mouth) Diagnosing carcinomas of head & neck Forensics mRNA Information on transcription rates RNA Viral/bacterial identification Proteins Genetic information Translational regulation Diagnosing periodontitis Detecting dental cavities Immunoglobulin Diagnosing viruses Metabolites Diagnosing periodontitis

31. Capillary barrier

32. Interstitial spaces

33. Cervicular fluid

34. Membrane of acinar & ductal cells

37. VIRAL DISEASES:Acute hepatitis A & B were diagnosed based on the presence of IgM antibodies in saliva.HIV:Salivary IgA levels.BACTERIAL INFECTIONS:By monitoring the presence of antibodies to microorganisms found in saliva & oral cavity

39. Smoking causes decrease in salivary important antioxidant levels.

41. HORMONE MONITORING: Steroids like cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, insulin SIALOCHEMISTRY ANALYSIS: Early monitoring of an exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury because of higher salivary levels of these elements

43. GENOMIC

44. MICROBIAL

46. Digestion with proteolytic enzyme, trypsin

47. Analysis by 1-D, 2-D LC-MS

52. MICRO BEAD ARRAY TECHNIQUE NANO-BIOCHIP

53. CONCLUSION: The components of saliva act as a “Mirror of the body’s health”, widespread use and growing acceptability of saliva as a diagnostic tool is helping individuals, researchers, health care professionals and community health programs to better detect and monitor diseases and to improve the general health of the public

55. Raymond G, Schipper a, Erika Silletti a, Monique H, Vingerhoeds. Saliva as research material: biochemical, physiochemical, and practical aspects. Archives of Oral Biology 2007 ;( 52):1114-35.

56. Richard P, Jiri S, Jana V, Edgar F, Petr M, Jindrich P et al. Saliva as a diagnostic medium. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2009; 153(2):103-10.

57. Eliaz Kaufman .The diagnostic applications of saliva. A review. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2002; 13(2):197-212.

58. www.med.kufauniv.com/ar/journals2010/res%20(1).pdf

59. www.jofs.in/files/Artical-11.pdf

60. www.linkgroup.hu/docs/pcs2/218-08CurrGen.pdf

61. www.wikipedia.com

62. THANK YOU

63. QUERIES???