saliva "a drop or an ocean" /dental courses

saliva
“A DROP OR AN OCEAN “
?
www.indiandentalacademy.com
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing Dental Education

Saliva lacks the
drama of blood,
sincerity of sweat
and
emotional appearance
of tears
But still the fact iswww.indiandentalacademy.com

Saliva is highly precious,
Saliva the“ Mirror of the body ”

DIAGNOSTIC
APPLICATIONS
OF SALIVA

Why saliva is used in Diagnostics ??....
What is the advantage…..?
Non invasive
No associated hazards.
Simpler to handle.
Rapid screening method.

Bolus formationSALIVA
FOOD
Digestion
Bolus
formation
Taste
Buffer
Remineralize
Protection
Anti bacterial
Antifungal
Antiviral
Lysozyme
Lactoferrin
Calprotectin
Lactoperoxidase
Immunoglobulins
Chromogranin A
Cystatin
Histatin
SLPI
VEGhHistatin chromogranin
Immuno globulin
Cystatin
Mucin
Immunoglobulin
SLPI
PRG
Mucin
PRPs
Statherin
Ca2+
Phosphate
Mucin
Ca2+
Phosphate
Bicarbonate
Phosphate
Protiens
Mucin
Water
Gustin
Zn2+
Water
Amylase
Protease
Lipase
DNAse
RNAse

Saliva in Oral diseases
CARIES
ORAL
CANDIDIASIS
PERIODONTITIS

Autoimmune diseases
Sjogren’s syndome
 Reduced quantity of saliva.
{0.1ml/min whole saliva}
 Increased concentrations of IL-1.IL-7, IgA, IgG,
IgM, cystatin C & S, sodium & chloride, and
inflamatory mediators.
 Decreased concentration of phosphate.
• Crit review Oral Bio Med 2003www.indiandentalacademy.com

Oral squamous celLcarcinoma
P53
Defensins
Human salivary proteome
IL8 and thioredoxin
Human salivary transcriptome
RNA biomarkers
Oral diseases 2002

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
If ‘salivary amylase levels’ are low in
(< 52U/L) pre operative undergoing heart surgery
there is increased risk of mortality.
 C -reactive protein- most accurate method
to assess the risk of heart disease.
{normal levels 0.12-10ng/ml}
Journal of Heart diseases 2003

CARDIAC NANO BIOCHIP
Research by NIDCRwww.indiandentalacademy.com

Breast Carcinoma
C-erB 2 tumor marker
BREAST CANCER BIOCHIP
Crit review Oral Bio Med 2003

Renal disease
Salivary creatinine - the most reliable
indicator for renal disease.
{Healthy patients – 6-18mmol/l
Renal disease > 85mmol/l}
Used to evaluate the efficacy of Dialysis.
Oral diseases 2002

Ovarian Cancer
CA 125 tumor marker

The Hormones can be detected in saliva
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Testosterone
Progesterone
Estradiol

Salivary estradiol -
assessment of feto -placental
function
{normal levels -5.4pmol/l}
Decreased levels - a marker
of fetal growth retardation
Salivary progesterone –
prediction of ovulation
{normal levels-0.3-0.5 ng/ml}
Increased ratio – predictor of
preterm delivery

Hereditary diseases
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
aaaaaaaaaa
Salivary levels of
17-hydroxyprogesterone is an excellent
screening test

Malignancy
Salivary kallikrein detects malignant tumors
even from remote places of the body.
{normal 30-40mg/day., >40mg/day
malignancy}

Viral diseases
Hepatitis A (HAV) and Hepatitis B (HBV)
can be diagnosed based on the presence of
IgM anti HAV/ HBV antibodies in saliva.
(sensitivity of 98.7% and specificity of
99.6%)

AIDS
Detection of Ig A Anti HIV antbodies in saliva i
the prognostic indicator.
{sensitivity and specificity 100%}

QUICk ORA TESTING SYSTEM FOR HIV

INFECTIOUS DISEASES
 Testing for salivary antibodies can be done for
the following infectious diseases:
• Dengue
• Measles, Mumps And Rubella
• Rotavirus
• Helcobacter pyroli
• Shigella
• Lyme disease
• Neurocysticercosis
Oral diseases 2002www.indiandentalacademy.com

Salivary cortisol is
used to
measure
“Post Traumatic
Stress Disorder”
at attack times
Mumbai terrorist attack at Taj Hotel 26:11:2008

L gr PSYCHIATRY
Saliva has been used to
detect pathological anxiety
by measuring salivary
levels of
3- methoxy – 4
hydroxyphenyl glycol
(MHPG).

DRUG MONITORING
THERAPEUTIC DRUGS
ANTIPYRINE
CAFFEINE
CARBAMAZEPINE
CISPLASTIN
CYCLOSPORINE
DIAZEPAM
DIGOXIN
ETOSUXIMIDE
LITHIUM
METHADONE
METOPROLOL
PARACETAMOL
QUININE
SULFANILAMIDE
THEOPHYLLINE
DRUG ABUSE
BARBITURATES
BENZODIAZEPINES
COCAINE
ALCOHOL
MARIJUANA
NICOTINE
OPIOIDS
AMPHETAMINES

• NANO TECHNOLOGY
SALIVARY COTININE
TESTING STRIPS
ALCOHOL TESTING KIT

Saliva being a good source for DNA helps to
process genetic information.
.
UnmaskingSalivaryStain– “ATool InFORENSICRESEARCH"
Internatonal journal of FORENSIC RESEARCHwww.indiandentalacademy.com

CHAIR SIDE DIAGNOSTICS
Approved by US FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION
ORAL FLUID NANO SENSOR

DISADVANTAGE
Cost factor.
The exact site of disease activity
difficult to identify.
The variaition the composition of
stimulated and unstimulated saliva.

INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT SALIVA
why does animals lick their wounds?
why do oral wounds heal faster??
ANSWER!!!
HISTATIN,SLPI ,EGF
Journal of health jockey 2006www.indiandentalacademy.com

 A natural analgesic has been found
in human saliva called “opiorphin”
Music enhances increase of salivary IgA
levels which increases immunity .
Diabetes drug is derived from the saliva of the
Gila monster lizard
 The anticoagulant property of
leech saliva is used in surgeries in patients
alleregic to heparin.
Research by institute of heart Math-pilot study 200
Norton news paper 2007
Journal of Heart diseases 2003
FASEB journal 2006
INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT SALIVA

saliva
“A DROP OR AN OCEAN “
One drop numerous posisib

Oral physician
HAVE A
GREATER ROLE…

SALIVARY
DIAGNOSTIC
CENTER

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