Measurement of Periodontal Attachment Loss
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In this lecture I explain in step-by-step fashion the basics of Measurement of Periodontal Attachment Loss. a photo guide is attached to the guide to aid in better understanding of the topic
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4.furcation involvement and its treatment
This document discusses furcation involvement in multi-rooted teeth. It begins with introductions and definitions, then describes the anatomy of furcated teeth. Several classifications of furcation involvement are presented based on horizontal and vertical bone loss. Potential etiologies include dental plaque, local anatomic factors like furcation dimensions and root concavities, developmental anomalies, trauma, caries, and pulpal pathology. Diagnosis and various treatment options are also covered, along with prognostic factors and conclusions.
furcation involvement
This document discusses furcation involvement, including classifications, diagnosis, treatment options, and prognosis. It notes that furcation involvement indicates advanced periodontitis and poorer prognosis. Treatment depends on the grade of involvement and may include nonsurgical therapy like scaling and root planing, surgical approaches like furcation plasty, regenerative techniques like GTR, or extraction. Prognosis is best for grade I and II furcations treated nonsurgically or with furcation plasty, and poorer for grade III and IV furcations. Long-term success requires eliminating plaque, establishing anatomy to facilitate cleaning, and preventing further attachment loss.
Trauma from occlusion
- Trauma from occlusion occurs when occlusal forces exceed the adaptive capacity of the periodontium, causing injury. It can be acute or chronic.
- The magnitude, direction, duration, and frequency of forces impact the periodontium's ability to adapt. Excessive pressure or tension can damage tissues.
- Primary trauma from occlusion is caused by changes in occlusal forces, while secondary trauma occurs when reduced bone support impairs the tissues' resistance to normal forces.
- The periodontium responds to trauma in three stages - injury, repair through new tissue formation, and adaptive remodeling to better withstand forces. Trauma can cause reversible damage if forces are reduced, or lead to irreversible injury if
Dental mobility
Tooth mobility refers to loose teeth that can move within their sockets. It is classified on a scale of 0 to 3 based on the degree of horizontal and vertical movement. Physiologic mobility of about 0.25mm is normal, while pathologic mobility over 1mm indicates loose teeth from periodontal disease or trauma. Periodontal disease is a primary cause as it leads to loss of attachment and bone supporting the teeth. Treatment involves splinting loose teeth together, replacing missing teeth, and correcting occlusal surfaces to reduce excessive forces. For advanced periodontal cases, extraction may be necessary.
Periodontal probe
The document discusses the history and development of periodontal probes over several generations. It describes the key characteristics of 1st generation manual probes and 2nd generation pressure-sensitive probes. It then focuses on 3rd generation computer-assisted probes which standardize pressure and digitally record readings to reduce errors. Some examples provided are the Foster Miller Probe, Florida Probe, and True Pressure Sensitive probe. Overall the document traces the evolution of probes to become more precise, standardized, and integrated with digital systems.
periodontal pocket
The document discusses periodontal pockets, including their classification, clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment. Periodontal pockets are classified based on their morphology, relationship to crestal bone, number of tooth surfaces involved, nature of the soft tissue wall, and disease activity. Pockets form due to apical migration of the junctional epithelium and contain debris, microorganisms, and inflammatory cells. Treatment involves removing the pocket through nonsurgical or surgical methods like scaling, root planing, gingivectomy, or bone grafting to allow for reattachment of tissues at a higher level on the tooth.
Preventive resin restoration
This document discusses preventive resin restoration (PRR) for treating dental caries. PRR involves sealing carious and caries-susceptible pit and fissure areas on teeth with resin. There are three types of PRR (A, B, C) based on the extent and depth of the carious lesions. Type A involves sealing suspicious fissures with resin after removing enamel caries. Type B treats incipient dentin lesions by removing caries, etching, applying bonding agent and filled resin. Type C is for larger, deeper lesions and requires additional polymerization time. PRR provides advantages over fillings by preserving more tooth structure and being less invasive if later replaced, while also sealing caries
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4.furcation involvement and its treatment
This document discusses furcation involvement in multi-rooted teeth. It begins with introductions and definitions, then describes the anatomy of furcated teeth. Several classifications of furcation involvement are presented based on horizontal and vertical bone loss. Potential etiologies include dental plaque, local anatomic factors like furcation dimensions and root concavities, developmental anomalies, trauma, caries, and pulpal pathology. Diagnosis and various treatment options are also covered, along with prognostic factors and conclusions.
furcation involvement
This document discusses furcation involvement, including classifications, diagnosis, treatment options, and prognosis. It notes that furcation involvement indicates advanced periodontitis and poorer prognosis. Treatment depends on the grade of involvement and may include nonsurgical therapy like scaling and root planing, surgical approaches like furcation plasty, regenerative techniques like GTR, or extraction. Prognosis is best for grade I and II furcations treated nonsurgically or with furcation plasty, and poorer for grade III and IV furcations. Long-term success requires eliminating plaque, establishing anatomy to facilitate cleaning, and preventing further attachment loss.
Trauma from occlusion
- Trauma from occlusion occurs when occlusal forces exceed the adaptive capacity of the periodontium, causing injury. It can be acute or chronic.
- The magnitude, direction, duration, and frequency of forces impact the periodontium's ability to adapt. Excessive pressure or tension can damage tissues.
- Primary trauma from occlusion is caused by changes in occlusal forces, while secondary trauma occurs when reduced bone support impairs the tissues' resistance to normal forces.
- The periodontium responds to trauma in three stages - injury, repair through new tissue formation, and adaptive remodeling to better withstand forces. Trauma can cause reversible damage if forces are reduced, or lead to irreversible injury if
Dental mobility
Tooth mobility refers to loose teeth that can move within their sockets. It is classified on a scale of 0 to 3 based on the degree of horizontal and vertical movement. Physiologic mobility of about 0.25mm is normal, while pathologic mobility over 1mm indicates loose teeth from periodontal disease or trauma. Periodontal disease is a primary cause as it leads to loss of attachment and bone supporting the teeth. Treatment involves splinting loose teeth together, replacing missing teeth, and correcting occlusal surfaces to reduce excessive forces. For advanced periodontal cases, extraction may be necessary.
Periodontal probe
The document discusses the history and development of periodontal probes over several generations. It describes the key characteristics of 1st generation manual probes and 2nd generation pressure-sensitive probes. It then focuses on 3rd generation computer-assisted probes which standardize pressure and digitally record readings to reduce errors. Some examples provided are the Foster Miller Probe, Florida Probe, and True Pressure Sensitive probe. Overall the document traces the evolution of probes to become more precise, standardized, and integrated with digital systems.
periodontal pocket
The document discusses periodontal pockets, including their classification, clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment. Periodontal pockets are classified based on their morphology, relationship to crestal bone, number of tooth surfaces involved, nature of the soft tissue wall, and disease activity. Pockets form due to apical migration of the junctional epithelium and contain debris, microorganisms, and inflammatory cells. Treatment involves removing the pocket through nonsurgical or surgical methods like scaling, root planing, gingivectomy, or bone grafting to allow for reattachment of tissues at a higher level on the tooth.
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This document discusses preventive resin restoration (PRR) for treating dental caries. PRR involves sealing carious and caries-susceptible pit and fissure areas on teeth with resin. There are three types of PRR (A, B, C) based on the extent and depth of the carious lesions. Type A involves sealing suspicious fissures with resin after removing enamel caries. Type B treats incipient dentin lesions by removing caries, etching, applying bonding agent and filled resin. Type C is for larger, deeper lesions and requires additional polymerization time. PRR provides advantages over fillings by preserving more tooth structure and being less invasive if later replaced, while also sealing caries
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This document discusses periodontal flaps, which are sections of gingiva surgically separated from underlying tissues to provide access to bone and roots. It defines different types of flaps classified by bone exposure, placement, and papilla design. Indications and contraindications for various flaps are outlined. Procedures for modified Widman, undisplaced, apically displaced, and regenerative flaps are described. Distal molar surgery techniques and use of periodontal packs are also summarized.
Impaction
1) The document discusses impacted teeth, which are teeth that fail to fully erupt. It describes common causes and locations of impactions as well as classification systems.
2) Surgical removal of impacted teeth involves asepsis, anesthesia, incisions, bone removal, tooth sectioning, elevation and extraction while protecting surrounding structures.
3) Radiographs aid in determining the depth, orientation and relationship to nearby anatomy to assess difficulty prior to surgery. Careful treatment planning is important for safe and effective removal of impacted teeth.
Gingivectomy
Gingivectomy is the surgical excision of gingiva to remove diseased pocket walls and expose tooth surfaces. It is indicated for conditions like suprabonny pockets, fibrous enlargement, and crown lengthening. There are several types of gingivectomy including surgical, chemosurgery, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, and laser gingivectomy. The surgical procedure involves marking pockets, making internal beveled incisions, removing diseased tissue and calculus, and placing a periodontal pack. Post-operative healing occurs through clot formation, granulation tissue growth, and epithelialization over 2-3 weeks.
Biologic width
The biological width refers to the dimensions of the junctional epithelium and connective tissue attachment above the alveolar crest, which averages 2.04mm. Placement of restoration margins within 1mm of the gingival sulcus is ideal to preserve this biological width, while subgingival placement can lead to inflammation, recession, or bone loss by violating the biological width. When a violation occurs, it can be corrected by surgery to remove bone away from the margin by the ideal biological width distance, or by orthodontic extrusion. Maintaining the biological width is essential for periodontal health.
Prognosis in periodontics
This document discusses prognosis in periodontal disease. Prognosis is the prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease based on knowledge of pathogenesis and risk factors. It is determined before treatment based on disease characteristics and previous experience. Prognosis can be excellent, good, fair, poor, questionable or hopeless depending on factors like bone loss, furcation involvement, and patient compliance. Systemic factors like smoking and diabetes can affect prognosis. Anatomical root characteristics also influence prognosis. The relationship between diagnosis and prognosis is discussed.
SLOB Technique
The document discusses the SLOB (Same Lingual, Opposite Buccal) technique, which is used in dental radiography. The SLOB technique involves shifting the X-ray tube head to separate superimposed structures on a radiograph. When the tube is shifted mesially, the lingual root will shift in the same direction and the buccal root will shift in the opposite direction. The SLOB technique has advantages like separating superimposed canals and structures, aiding in working length determination and identifying undiscovered canals. However, it can also cause decreased clarity and increased superimposition of structures at more oblique angles.
Gingival crevicular fluid
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a serum transudate that forms in the gingival sulcus. It contains cells, bacteria, serum components, and host mediators that make it useful for periodontal monitoring and diagnosis. GCF forms through increased permeability of blood vessels in the sulcus or through an osmotic gradient. Its composition varies in health and disease, making biomarkers of host enzymes, tissue breakdown products, and inflammatory mediators clinically significant. While non-invasive collection methods exist, contamination and variable recovery pose challenges. Further research on GCF components may aid in diagnosis and monitoring of periodontal disease progression and treatment outcomes.
Pulpotomy
Pulpotomy is the removal of the coronal portion of the pulp while preserving the radicular pulp. It is indicated for cariously exposed primary teeth when extraction is less advantageous than retention. There are various techniques for pulpotomy including devitalization with formocresol or other chemicals to fix the pulp, preservation techniques using less harmful chemicals to maintain pulp vitality, and regeneration techniques aiming to stimulate reparative dentin formation. The goal of pulpotomy is to disinfect the exposed pulp, maintain pulp vitality, and avoid periapical issues.
Bone loss and patterns of bone destruction
This document discusses bone destruction patterns caused by periodontal disease. It identifies the main causes of bone destruction as the extension of gingival inflammation, trauma from occlusion, and systemic disorders. It describes several patterns of bone loss seen in periodontal disease, including horizontal, vertical, osseous craters, bulbous contours, reversed architecture, ledges, and furcation involvement. The rate and episodic nature of bone destruction in periodontal disease is also covered.
Atraumatic restorative treatment (art) for tooth
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Periodontal flap
This document discusses various flap techniques used in periodontal surgery. It defines flaps as sections of gingiva and mucosa surgically separated from underlying tissues to provide access to bone and roots. Full and partial thickness flaps are classified based on the depth of tissue reflection. Techniques include the modified Widman flap, undisplaced flap, apically displaced flap, papilla preservation flap, and techniques for distal molar surgery. Healing after flap surgery is described in stages from initial clot formation to establishment of new connective tissue attachment after 4 weeks.
Gingival recession classifications
In periodontology, classifications are widely used to categorize defects due to periodontitis according to their etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
Several classifications have been proposed in the literature in order to facilitate the diagnosis of gingival recessions.
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This document outlines a treatment plan for periodontal disease. It includes 5 phases: emergency, etiotropic (non-surgical), surgical, restorative, and maintenance. The etiotropic phase involves nonsurgical therapies like scaling, root planing, and oral hygiene instruction. The surgical phase uses various periodontal surgeries to further treat pockets and furcations. The restorative phase focuses on final restorations. Lastly, the maintenance phase provides periodic recall visits to monitor the patient's condition. The overall goal is to resolve inflammation and reduce pocket depths through a coordinated approach involving multiple dental specialists.
PERIODONTAL ABSCESS
This document provides an overview of abscesses of the periodontium, specifically focusing on periodontal abscesses. It defines a periodontal abscess and classifies them based on location, course, number, affected tissue, and cause. Periodontal abscesses are most prevalent in molar sites and those with pre-existing periodontal pockets. They can be caused by factors like untreated periodontitis, foreign bodies, or changes after periodontal procedures or antibiotics. The pathogenesis involves bacterial entry triggering an inflammatory response that leads to tissue destruction and pus formation.
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This document provides information on the ART (Atraumatic Restorative Treatment) procedure. It begins with an introduction stating that ART is a minimally invasive cavity preparation and restoration technique. The principles of ART are removing caries using only hand instruments and restoring the cavity with an adhesive material. Indications for ART include small, accessible cavities, while contraindications include exposed or inflamed pulps. Advantages include conserving tooth structure, reducing pain and trauma, and enabling the technique to be used in remote areas. The document describes the instruments, materials, procedures and concludes that ART focuses on providing dental care in developing countries.
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Case history diagnosis and treatment planning in pediatric dentistry
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Peridontal pocket
The document defines and describes periodontal pockets. It notes that periodontal pockets can be classified based on their location relative to the alveolar bone as either suprabony or infrabony. Suprabony pockets have bone loss horizontally while infrabony pockets have bone loss vertically. The document also discusses the pathogenesis of pocket formation, clinical features, histopathology, and diagnosis and probing of periodontal pockets.
Probing
This module provides instructions on using calibrated periodontal probes to assess periodontal health. It discusses the design of calibrated probes, which are marked in millimeter increments. It outlines the periodontal anatomy in health, including the gingival sulcus between the free gingiva and tooth that is 1-3mm deep in health. The module describes how a periodontal probe is used to differentiate a normal sulcus from a periodontal pocket over 3mm deep, which indicates disease. It provides step-by-step instructions on proper probing technique, including adaptation, angulation, pressure, and charting of probing depths.
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This document discusses periodontal flaps, which are sections of gingiva surgically separated from underlying tissues to provide access to bone and roots. It defines different types of flaps classified by bone exposure, placement, and papilla design. Indications and contraindications for various flaps are outlined. Procedures for modified Widman, undisplaced, apically displaced, and regenerative flaps are described. Distal molar surgery techniques and use of periodontal packs are also summarized.
Impaction
1) The document discusses impacted teeth, which are teeth that fail to fully erupt. It describes common causes and locations of impactions as well as classification systems.
2) Surgical removal of impacted teeth involves asepsis, anesthesia, incisions, bone removal, tooth sectioning, elevation and extraction while protecting surrounding structures.
3) Radiographs aid in determining the depth, orientation and relationship to nearby anatomy to assess difficulty prior to surgery. Careful treatment planning is important for safe and effective removal of impacted teeth.
Gingivectomy
Gingivectomy is the surgical excision of gingiva to remove diseased pocket walls and expose tooth surfaces. It is indicated for conditions like suprabonny pockets, fibrous enlargement, and crown lengthening. There are several types of gingivectomy including surgical, chemosurgery, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, and laser gingivectomy. The surgical procedure involves marking pockets, making internal beveled incisions, removing diseased tissue and calculus, and placing a periodontal pack. Post-operative healing occurs through clot formation, granulation tissue growth, and epithelialization over 2-3 weeks.
Biologic width
The biological width refers to the dimensions of the junctional epithelium and connective tissue attachment above the alveolar crest, which averages 2.04mm. Placement of restoration margins within 1mm of the gingival sulcus is ideal to preserve this biological width, while subgingival placement can lead to inflammation, recession, or bone loss by violating the biological width. When a violation occurs, it can be corrected by surgery to remove bone away from the margin by the ideal biological width distance, or by orthodontic extrusion. Maintaining the biological width is essential for periodontal health.
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Gingival crevicular fluid
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a serum transudate that forms in the gingival sulcus. It contains cells, bacteria, serum components, and host mediators that make it useful for periodontal monitoring and diagnosis. GCF forms through increased permeability of blood vessels in the sulcus or through an osmotic gradient. Its composition varies in health and disease, making biomarkers of host enzymes, tissue breakdown products, and inflammatory mediators clinically significant. While non-invasive collection methods exist, contamination and variable recovery pose challenges. Further research on GCF components may aid in diagnosis and monitoring of periodontal disease progression and treatment outcomes.
Pulpotomy
Pulpotomy is the removal of the coronal portion of the pulp while preserving the radicular pulp. It is indicated for cariously exposed primary teeth when extraction is less advantageous than retention. There are various techniques for pulpotomy including devitalization with formocresol or other chemicals to fix the pulp, preservation techniques using less harmful chemicals to maintain pulp vitality, and regeneration techniques aiming to stimulate reparative dentin formation. The goal of pulpotomy is to disinfect the exposed pulp, maintain pulp vitality, and avoid periapical issues.
Bone loss and patterns of bone destruction
This document discusses bone destruction patterns caused by periodontal disease. It identifies the main causes of bone destruction as the extension of gingival inflammation, trauma from occlusion, and systemic disorders. It describes several patterns of bone loss seen in periodontal disease, including horizontal, vertical, osseous craters, bulbous contours, reversed architecture, ledges, and furcation involvement. The rate and episodic nature of bone destruction in periodontal disease is also covered.
Atraumatic restorative treatment (art) for tooth
Atraumatic restorative treatment (art) for tooth
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART), is based on removing decalcified tooth tissue using only hand instruments and restoring the cavity with an adhesive filling material.
A minimally invasive approach to both prevent dental carious lesions and stop its further progression
Periodontal flap
This document discusses various flap techniques used in periodontal surgery. It defines flaps as sections of gingiva and mucosa surgically separated from underlying tissues to provide access to bone and roots. Full and partial thickness flaps are classified based on the depth of tissue reflection. Techniques include the modified Widman flap, undisplaced flap, apically displaced flap, papilla preservation flap, and techniques for distal molar surgery. Healing after flap surgery is described in stages from initial clot formation to establishment of new connective tissue attachment after 4 weeks.
Gingival recession classifications
In periodontology, classifications are widely used to categorize defects due to periodontitis according to their etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
Several classifications have been proposed in the literature in order to facilitate the diagnosis of gingival recessions.
Pulpectomy Procedure Explained in brief
This lecture, which oriented to the level of mind of undergraduate students, discuss the topic of pulpectomy, its indications, contraindications, and procedural steps.
Visit us on Facebook:
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Treatment plan
This document outlines a treatment plan for periodontal disease. It includes 5 phases: emergency, etiotropic (non-surgical), surgical, restorative, and maintenance. The etiotropic phase involves nonsurgical therapies like scaling, root planing, and oral hygiene instruction. The surgical phase uses various periodontal surgeries to further treat pockets and furcations. The restorative phase focuses on final restorations. Lastly, the maintenance phase provides periodic recall visits to monitor the patient's condition. The overall goal is to resolve inflammation and reduce pocket depths through a coordinated approach involving multiple dental specialists.
PERIODONTAL ABSCESS
This document provides an overview of abscesses of the periodontium, specifically focusing on periodontal abscesses. It defines a periodontal abscess and classifies them based on location, course, number, affected tissue, and cause. Periodontal abscesses are most prevalent in molar sites and those with pre-existing periodontal pockets. They can be caused by factors like untreated periodontitis, foreign bodies, or changes after periodontal procedures or antibiotics. The pathogenesis involves bacterial entry triggering an inflammatory response that leads to tissue destruction and pus formation.
Endodontic Diagnosis: Pulp Vitality Tests
In this lecture I explain in step-by-step fashion the basics of Endodontic Diagnosis: Pulp Vitality Tests. a photo guide is attached to the guide to aid in better understanding of the topic
ATRAUMATIC RESTORATIVE TREATMENT (ART)
This document provides information on the ART (Atraumatic Restorative Treatment) procedure. It begins with an introduction stating that ART is a minimally invasive cavity preparation and restoration technique. The principles of ART are removing caries using only hand instruments and restoring the cavity with an adhesive material. Indications for ART include small, accessible cavities, while contraindications include exposed or inflamed pulps. Advantages include conserving tooth structure, reducing pain and trauma, and enabling the technique to be used in remote areas. The document describes the instruments, materials, procedures and concludes that ART focuses on providing dental care in developing countries.
space-maintainers-pedo
Space maintainers are appliances used to maintain space or regain minor amounts of space lost after a primary tooth is lost. There are several types of space maintainers including fixed appliances like band and loop, lingual arch, and distal shoe appliances as well as removable partial dentures. Key factors in determining the appropriate space maintainer include the amount of time since tooth loss, dental age of the patient, amount of bone covering the unerupted tooth, and sequence of eruption of surrounding teeth. Space maintainers aim to guide unerupted teeth into proper positions and prevent over-eruption of opposing teeth.
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Case history diagnosis and treatment planning in pediatric dentistry
Case history diagnosis and treatment planning in pediatric dentistry
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Peridontal pocket
The document defines and describes periodontal pockets. It notes that periodontal pockets can be classified based on their location relative to the alveolar bone as either suprabony or infrabony. Suprabony pockets have bone loss horizontally while infrabony pockets have bone loss vertically. The document also discusses the pathogenesis of pocket formation, clinical features, histopathology, and diagnosis and probing of periodontal pockets.
Probing
This module provides instructions on using calibrated periodontal probes to assess periodontal health. It discusses the design of calibrated probes, which are marked in millimeter increments. It outlines the periodontal anatomy in health, including the gingival sulcus between the free gingiva and tooth that is 1-3mm deep in health. The module describes how a periodontal probe is used to differentiate a normal sulcus from a periodontal pocket over 3mm deep, which indicates disease. It provides step-by-step instructions on proper probing technique, including adaptation, angulation, pressure, and charting of probing depths.
classification of periodontal diseases
The document provides an overview of the historical development of classification systems for periodontal diseases from the 1870s to present. It discusses early systems based on clinical characteristics and concepts of classical pathology and the current dominant paradigm of periodontal diseases having an infectious etiology. The American Academy of Periodontology classification from 1999 is summarized, categorizing diseases as gingival diseases, chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases, and necrotizing periodontal diseases.
Periodontal pockets
The document defines and classifies periodontal pockets, describing their pathogenesis, clinical features, histopathology, contents, and measurement. Periodontal pockets are classified as gingival, suprabonny, or infrabony depending on their location relative to the alveolar bone crest. Treatment involves non-surgical approaches like scaling and root planing or surgical procedures such as gingivectomy, flap surgery, and bone grafting to reduce pocket depth. Accurately measuring and classifying pocket types is important for determining periodontal treatment.
Periodontal examintation,diagnosis and prognosis
This document discusses the main concerns of a periodontal patient, including symptoms like bleeding, pain, swelling and bad breath. It examines factors contributing to conditions like gingivitis and periodontal disease. The objectives are to identify systemic factors, note medical conditions requiring precautions during treatment, and check for transmissible diseases. A thorough periodontal exam evaluates plaque, calculus, probing depth, mobility and other dental health factors to fully diagnose the patient's condition and determine an appropriate treatment plan and prognosis.
Periodontal Pocket
The periodontal pocket is a key feature of periodontal disease that results from the deepening of the gingival sulcus. Pockets can be classified as gingival, suprabony, or intrabony depending on their location relative to the alveolar bone. The document describes the signs, symptoms, clinical features, and histopathological changes that occur as the gingival sulcus transforms into a periodontal pocket through collagen destruction and epithelial downgrowth along the root surface. Bacteria can invade the soft tissue wall and contribute to further inflammatory changes in the pocket.
Perio assessment
The document discusses inaccuracies in common methods of periodontal charting and measuring clinical attachment level (CAL). It recommends that dental hygienists measure the gingival margin and mucogingival junction more precisely to better detect hidden recession and calculate CAL, in line with American Academy of Periodontology standards. Not doing so could result in periodontal attachment loss going unnoticed until a moderate or severe stage. It emphasizes the importance of accurate CAL measurement for properly diagnosing, treating and monitoring periodontal disease.
Periodontal disease: diagnosis, prevention, treatment
Dr. Eirini Georgiou from PerioExperts.
Periodontal disease refers to the periodontal tissues that surround, bind and support the teeth into their socket. These tissues are the gums, the jaw bone, the cementum of the root and the periodontal ligament. In healthy circumstances the gums are light pink, do not bleed and are firmly attached to the tooth, like a nice frame around a picture painting.
Periodontal disease can affect all people regardless age, but as age progresses the incidence of infection increases. It is estimated that in US 80% of people over 45 years old suffer from periodontal disease. Although periodontal disease is nowadays the main cause of tooth loss in adults, early diagnosis and preventive therapy, provide effective treatment.
Recently, periodontal disease is associated with the onset of cardiovascular problems, diabetes melitus, or premature birth and underweight babies, and morbid obesity. Therefore, the preservation and restoration of periodontal health is directly related to the conservation and restoration of general health.
Classification of periodontal diseases
The document discusses the historical development and current classification of periodontal diseases. It outlines several past classification systems from the 19th century based on clinical characteristics to more recent systems from the late 20th century incorporating etiology and pathogenesis. The current 1999 classification system from the International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions is explained in detail, categorizing diseases based on factors like plaque-induced vs. non-plaque induced gingival diseases, chronic vs. aggressive periodontitis, and periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases.
Gingival recession
1. Gingival recession is the exposure of root surface caused by an apical shift in gingival position. It can be classified as visible, hidden, localized, or generalized.
2. Miller and Atkin & Sullivan classified gingival recession defects based on their location and amount of bone loss. Common causes of recession include age, faulty brushing technique, tooth malposition, gingival inflammation, abnormal frenal attachment, and masochistic habits.
3. Recession can be treated non-surgically through modifying risks or surgically through pedicle or free soft tissue grafts to cover exposed root surfaces and reduce sensitivity.
Periodontal Diesase Classification (presentation)
The document discusses the classification of periodontal diseases. It provides an overview of how periodontal diseases were previously classified, noting that the classification system was heavily based on age. It then summarizes the updated 1999 classification system, which introduced categories for gingival diseases and refined the categories for periodontal diseases. The key changes were introducing gingival disease categories, replacing terms like "adult periodontitis" with "chronic periodontitis", and expanding definitions of systemic diseases and their implications for periodontal health.
Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease is a chronic bacterial infection that affects the gums and bone supporting the teeth. It ranges from gingivitis, a reversible early stage marked by red, swollen gums, to periodontitis, a more advanced stage involving irreversible bone and tissue destruction. Risk factors include smoking, diabetes, genetics, and certain medications. Symptoms include bad breath, bleeding gums, and loose teeth. Treatment involves deep cleaning below the gumline, antibiotics, and sometimes surgery to regenerate lost bone and tissue. Regular cleanings and proper brushing and flossing can help prevent periodontal disease.
Periodontal probing and techniques
Periodontal probing and techniques involve using calibrated probes to measure pocket depth and determine periodontal pocket configuration. There have been several generations of probes developed with improvements in standardization, precision, and automation. First generation probes were manual and included the Williams probe. Second generation probes aimed to standardize pressure, like the TPS probe. Third generation probes were automated, like the Florida Probe. Fourth generation probes utilized 3D technology while fifth generation probes combine ultrasound for more accurate measurement without pocket penetration. Studies show electronic probes provide more reproducible measurements than manual probes, though manual probes can have good reproducibility as well depending on the examiner.
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Periodontal disease: diagnosis, prevention, treatment
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All credits goes to Dr. Osamah Asadi, B.D.S, CEO of Iraqi Dental Academy and the author of the content.
Buccal Object Rule - A Radiographic Aid in Dental Practice.
In this lecture we explain to you, in simple terms, the buccal object rule or what's known as SLOB rule (same lingual, opposite buccal).
This rule is very helpful radiographic aid, that many clinicians use in daily routine.
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This lecture is brought to you by: Iraqi Dental Academy
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All our lectures are uploaded here on slideshare, also you can grap them as PDF lectures on the following link for free:
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B65zuL7B4IbBVlZ3NkY2aGZ4TXc
==
All credits goes to Dr. Osamah Asadi, B.D.S, CEO of Iraqi Dental Academy and the author of the content.
Endodontic Root Perforation: Causes, Identification, and Management Lecture
This lecture present to you the concept of root perforation and its complications in endodontic practice. Management of such situation is also presented briefly.
Endodontic Root Perforation: Causes, Identification, and Management Presentation
Endodontic Root Perforation: Causes, Identification, and Management PresentationIraqi Dental Academy
This lecture present to you the concept of root perforation and its complications in endodontic practice. Management of such situation is also presented briefly.Dental Management of Adrenal Insufficiency Slides
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This lecture talk about the disturbance of adrenal gland hormones and how it affect health. it also discuss in brief how to manage such condition in your dental clinic
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Dental Management of Patient with Diabetes Mellitus
This document provides information on diabetes mellitus and its relevance to dental care. It defines diabetes, describes the different types, and lists common signs and symptoms. It also discusses diabetes complications, diagnosis, treatment planning for dental procedures, oral manifestations of diabetes, and dental management considerations. The goal is to educate dentists on properly treating and managing diabetic patients.
Dental Management of Patient with Diabetes Mellitus Presentation
This lecture discuss the topic of dental management of medically compromised patient who suffers from diabetes mellitus. it's simple lecture that directed to the level of mind of undergraduate students. thanks for viewing and reading, and please share the knowledge!
Anesthesia for Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics Presentation
This lecture discuss very important topic in dental practice and that is the science and art of dental anesthesia. This lecture discuss various techniques, precautions, and tips about dental anesthesia for restoration and endodontics.
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Endodontic-Periodontal Relationship Brief Presentation
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Endodontic-Periodontal Relationship Brief Lecture
This brief lecture talk about very important topic in endodontic diagnosis and it is the Endodontic-Periodontal Relationship. It's directed to the level of mind of undergraduate students. I tried to keep it as simple and coherent as possible
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in this comprehensive, easily-digestable lecture I try to explain the basic concept of pulpotomy procedure for pediatric patients. It's aim to the level of mind of undergraduate students.
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Here I present to you the basic concept and definition of endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. It is presented to the level of mind of undergraduate students.
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