ROUTINE HATCHERY MANAGEMENT
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Shrimp Hatcheries Shrimp hatcheries may require some facilities, such as pipe -lines, to be located on public land. Where this is the case, hatcheries shall ensure that local communities are consulted, approval is granted by pertinent authorities and adequate precautions are taken to prevent the facilities from being a hazard, nuisance or eyesore.
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This document provides details on the design of components for a carp hatchery complex. It discusses calculating brood fish requirements based on production targets, sizing spawning and incubation pools, and estimating nursery pond area. Brood fish of 1300kg are needed for 50 million spawn production annually. A 5m diameter spawning pool and 2.4m diameter incubation pool are designed to support 30 lakh egg production. A 15,000 liter overhead water tank is sized to supply these units. A 2.5 hectare nursery area is required to rear 50 million fry over 5 crop cycles.
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Objectives:
To obtain required amount of desirable species at desired time at desired price all the year round.
After completing these stages of management the nursery pond is prepared for rearing fry and fingerlings.
The next stage is to select culturable species for stocking in the prepared pond and other management.
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Dry matter intake of cows can be influenced by physical fill, metabolic feedback, and oxygen consumption. It is also affected by moisture, neutral detergent fiber, and fat content of diets as well as the forage to concentrate ratio. Additional factors include cow behavior, dominance at the feed bunk, weather, feeding method as a total mixed ration or individual ingredients, feeding frequency, sequence of feeding, and access time to feed. Maximizing intake requires adequate bunk space and feeding time for cows.
Networking with farmers
Networking with farmersG B Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, (U S Nagar), Uttarakhand, India
This document outlines information networking strategies for farmers in the Philippines. It discusses establishing infrastructure like the National Information Network and connecting existing research networks. Programs are described that provide online information on horticulture, machinery, and libraries. The Knowledge Network aims to modernize agriculture through initiatives like e-Agrikultura centers, research consortia, e-Farm centers, and an Open Academy. Farmers play a role through farmer-scientists who demonstrate technologies and train others. Future strategies include a farmers' call center to directly connect farmers with experts.Sustainability in shrimp culture in bangladesh
The term “sustainability” or also “sustainable development”, often used as nothing more than a catch-phrase, has much more to offer. It is a concept to guarantee a livable environment for all people in the long term, encompassing at least three fundamental components of sustainable development, preservation of a functional environment, economic welfare and social equity. Accordingly, also in the field of aquaculture, aiming for sustainability requires not only the achievement of environmental objectives, but also to provide clear economic advantages for aquaculture farmers in the long term. However, the term “sustainability” is often diluted and weakened , being used by politicians, entrepreneurs and the public, in a general way on numerous occasions, very often in a superficial or misleading way and with an incorrect definition, just to exploit the positive , connotations of the term.
The Green Deserts project - Using the Waterboxx
The Green Deserts project aimed to address desertification in abandoned areas of Spain through planting saplings using the Groasis Waterboxx technique. The project spanned 55,000 saplings across 65 hectares in 5 regions varying in climate and conditions. Early results found the Waterboxx improved survival rates but other factors like sapling quality and maintenance also influenced outcomes. The project engaged local communities and raised awareness of desertification issues. It has now led to proposals for new LIFE projects continuing reforestation and carbon credit programs.
Building your Seed Network ~ Massey
Building your Seed Network ~ Massey
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
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Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
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Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
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City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
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Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Trainers training
Trainers trainingG B Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, (U S Nagar), Uttarakhand, India
The document provides an agenda for a 3-day training of trainers course, outlining objectives, sessions, and activities to teach participants about training design, delivery, and improvement. Key topics include learning styles, training needs assessment, learning theories, training methods, handling difficult participants, and demonstrations. The goal is for participants to learn how to design and deliver effective training courses and develop action plans to strengthen their skills as trainers.Aquaculture and environment: Sustainability issues_Dr Padmakumar (The Kerala ...
This presentation by Dr Padmakumar, Professor and Associate Director of Research, KAU, RARS, Kumarakom made at the Kerala Environment Congress organised by the Centre for Environment and Development explains the possibilities of different fish farming practices relevant to Kerala
Pre-stocking management of nursery pond for IMC
Pre stocking management is one of the important method of entire three tire fish farming system. Because, fish mortality is very high at the stage of spawn. The stocking density of nursery pond is 2 lacks/ha.
In Nursery pond fish nursed very well to prevent fish mortality.
Design & construction of cage culture system
Cage culture involves confining fish or shellfish in a mesh enclosure in open water ecosystems like reservoirs. It uses simple, locally available materials for construction making it economically sustainable. There are different types of cages including fixed, floating, submersible and submerged cages which can be made from durable and nontoxic materials like wood, steel or plastic. Proper site selection, stocking, feeding and maintenance are required steps for successful cage culture operations.
Specifications of feed ingredients and finished feeds bis standard
This document outlines specifications and requirements for various feed ingredients and finished feeds according to Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). It provides specifications for ingredients like maize bran, wheat bran, rice bran, tapioca, blood meal, meat meal, bone meal, fish meal, groundnut oil cake and cottonseed oil cake. It also specifies requirements for different types of compounded feeds for cattle, poultry, pigs and young stock. The specifications define standards for moisture content, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and other nutrient levels to ensure quality of feed ingredients and finished feeds.
FISH PRODUCTION
Fish farming is the principal form of aquaculture, while other methods may fall under mariculture. Fish farming involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. A facility that releases juvenile fish into the wild for recreational fishing or to supplement a species' natural numbers is generally referred to as a fish hatchery. Worldwide, the most important fish species used in fish farming are carp, salmon, tilapia and catfish.
There is an increasing demand for fish and fish protein, which has resulted in widespread overfishing in wild fisheries. Fish farming offers fish marketers another source. However, farming carnivorous fish, such as salmon, does not always reduce pressure on wild fisheries, since carnivorous farmed fish are usually fed fishmeal and fish oil extracted from wild forage fish. The global returns for fish farming recorded by the FAO in 2008 totalled 33.8 million tonnes worth about $US 60 billion.
Specific types of fish farms[edit source | editbeta]
Within intensive and extensive aquaculture methods, there are numerous specific types of fish farms; each has benefits and applications unique to its design.
Cage system[edit source | editbeta]
Giant gourami is often raised in cages in central Thailand
Fish cages are placed in lakes, bayous, ponds, rivers or oceans to contain and protect fish until they can be harvested. The method is also called "off-shore cultivation[7] " when the cages are placed in the sea. They can be constructed of a wide variety of components. Fish are stocked in cages, artificially fed, and harvested when they reach market size. A few advantages of fish farming with cages are that many types of waters can be used (rivers, lakes, filled quarries, etc.), many types of fish can be raised, and fish farming can co-exist with sport fishing and other water uses. Cage farming of fishes in open seas is also gaining popularity. Concerns of disease, poaching, poor water quality, etc., lead some to believe that in general, pond systems are easier to manage and simpler to start. Also, past occurrences of cage-failures leading to escapes, have raised concern regarding the culture of non-native fish species in open-water cages. Even though the cage-industry has made numerous technological advances in cage construction in recent years, the concern for escapes remains valid.
Main article: Copper alloys in aquaculture
Recently, copper alloys have become important netting materials in aquaculture. Copper alloys are antimicrobial, that is, they destroy bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, and other microbes. In the marine environment, the antimicrobial/algaecidal properties of copper alloys prevent biofouling, which can briefly be described as the undesirable accumulation, adhesion, and growth of microorganisms, plants, algae, tube worms, barnacles, mollusks, and other organisms.
S.S. Presents
Made By Siddhartha Satyakama.
Lecture 3. farming methods
This document discusses different farming methods for aquaculture, including cage culture, pen culture, and sewage-fed culture. Cage culture involves rearing fish in an enclosed water volume using net cages suspended from floating frames. Pen culture uses barriers like nets or fences to partition off areas of water bodies for fish culture. Sewage-fed culture utilizes treated sewage as fertilizer to promote plankton growth and increase fish production. Primary and secondary treatment methods are used to process sewage before use in aquaculture.
Rdp,udn and kinetics
Rdp,udn and kinetics, Rumen undegradable protein, Rumen degradable protein and their kinetics, Sri Venkateswara veterinary university, Animal nutrition, Vishnu Vardhan Reddy
CONSTRUCTION OF FISH POND
There are 6 types of pond. These are-
Nursery Pond
Rearing Pond
Stocking Pond
Marketing P0nd
Brood Stock Pond
Quarantine Pond
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Aquaculture and environment: Sustainability issues_Dr Padmakumar (The Kerala ...
Aquaculture and environment: Sustainability issues_Dr Padmakumar (The Kerala ...
Specifications of feed ingredients and finished feeds bis standard
Specifications of feed ingredients and finished feeds bis standard
Similar to ROUTINE HATCHERY MANAGEMENT
Shrimp hatchery
The document provides information about establishing and operating a shrimp hatchery. It discusses site selection criteria such as suitable water sources. It describes the typical facilities required like maturation tanks, spawning tanks, and larval rearing tanks. Details are given about broodstock maintenance, spawning, and hatching procedures. Routine hatchery management topics covered include maintaining optimal water quality parameters, feeding schedules, and monitoring practices. Finally, it outlines nursery options for post larvae like concrete tanks, earthen ponds, and cages.
Broodstock management en
This document provides best management practices for broodstock suppliers. It outlines guidelines for minimizing stress and disease during transportation, selection, and holding of broodstock. Key recommendations include minimizing handling, using disinfected equipment and filtered water, recording health data, and isolating new broodstock for testing to ensure good quality seeds are produced.
distribution,biology,seed collection,nursery rearing and culture techniques o...
This document discusses culture techniques for groupers, including important species, distribution, biology, habitat, nursery rearing, and grow-out. It describes experiments conducted to develop grouper broodstock in sea cages off Visakhapatnam, India. Broodfish were stocked and grown in cages and tanks, achieving higher survival and maturity in cages. Induced spawning trials were conducted, leading to the conclusion that sea cages are better than tanks for broodstock development and domestication of greasy groupers. This represents progress toward commercial grouper seed production and farming in India.
distribution,biology,seed collection,nursery rearing and culture techniques o...
This document discusses culture techniques for grouper species, including distribution, biology, nursery rearing, and grow-out. It summarizes techniques for broodstock development using wild-caught groupers in sea cages, induced spawning trials, and successful maturation of groupers within one year when reared in open sea cages compared to indoor tanks. The document concludes that continuous supply of grouper seeds is needed to develop grouper aquaculture in India and that broodstock development in sea cages is an important step towards captive seed production.
Culture Of Cobia- Its Biology, Seed Collection & Culture Techniques
Cobia , Rachycentron canadum also known as Lemon fish or Ling is an oceanodromous , migratory and pelagic fish that lives in brackish and marine waters.
The fish is popular known by the common names-Black kingfish, Black salmon, runner or sergeant fish, crab eater and Sea murrel.
It is a highly priced game fish with high market value both in domestic and international markets.
Cobia known for its excellent meat quality is a famous premium food fish highly preferred by people in Taiwan and Japan. The white meat of the fish is served in restaurants as raw fish called Sashimi.
The fast growth rate, adaptability to captive breeding (attains 6-8 kg/year) are the major attributes which makes cobia as an excellent candidate species for aquaculture.
Cobia is one of the marine finfish species with high aquaculture potential particularly for cage culture in India.
Cobia farming by B.pptx
Cobia is a marine fish species that is widely farmed in parts of Asia and has potential for aquaculture. The document discusses the life cycle of cobia farming, including collecting wild broodstock, artificial propagation through hormone induction and egg collection, larval rearing where they are fed rotifers and artemia, nursery phases where they are reared in tanks and graded by size, and grow out in net cages in marine environments. Cobia can reach market size of 2-6 kg within a year if reared in suitable conditions with proper feeding and stocking densities.
Fishery Science: Penaeus monodon culture sudeshrathod
Fishery Science: Penaeus monodon culture sudeshrathodDr. Sudesh D. Rathod, B N Bandodkar College of Science
This material is for TYBSc students learning in Mumbai University, India.
The course is Applied component Fishery BiologyCobia seed production
1) Cobia aquaculture production primarily comes from China, where broodstock are selected from grow-out cages and placed in spawning ponds or tanks to spawn naturally.
2) In the US, broodstock are wild-caught cobia placed in tank systems where temperature and photoperiod manipulations induce spawning. Larval cobia must initially be fed rotifers or copepod nauplii.
3) In Taiwan, cobia are raised in outdoor ponds until large enough for grow-out cages. Larval survival from hatch to 20 days in 'green water' nursery ponds is typically 5-10%. Cobia are graded weekly and fed 5-6 times
mullet fish farming PPT.pptx
Flathead grey mullet is an important aquaculture species that has been farmed since the early 1900s. While mullet production has increased globally, reaching over 291 thousand tons in 2020, the industry remains dependent on wild fry collection, limiting expansion. In Tanzania, some successful polyculture of mullet and milkfish has occurred since the 1990s, with production reaching over 7 tons/hectare. However, mullet farming has not been widely adopted commercially. For the industry to grow in Tanzania, more work is needed to develop hatchery production techniques and raise awareness of aquaculture opportunities among coastal communities.
Hatchery
A fish hatchery breeds and rears fish and shellfish through early life stages. Hatcheries produce larvae and juveniles to support aquaculture. They benefit the industry by allowing for out of season production, genetic improvement through selective breeding, and reducing reliance on wild-caught juveniles. A hatchery consists of tanks for rearing larvae and holding broodstock. Key components include water storage tanks, larval rearing tanks, postlarval holding tanks, and equipment for water filtration, aeration, heating and monitoring water quality. Hatcheries are designed based on the target species' biology and local conditions like water availability.
Transporation of fish seed
The transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing pond is called transport of fish seed. The seed fish include fry and fingerlings.
Economics of major Open water fish farming systems
This document discusses various types of open water aquaculture systems including cage culture, pen culture, seaweed farming, lobster farming, and more. It then provides details on specific open water aquaculture practices for different species like mussels, lobsters, fish, and seaweeds. Farming methods, enclosure structures, stocking densities, feed requirements, and economics are described for cage culture, pen culture, and lobster farming. Overall, the document serves as a guide for understanding open water aquaculture systems and farming techniques for different organisms.
Fresh water prawn culture
Freshwater prawn farming has emerged as an industry since the 1960s. Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a commonly farmed freshwater prawn species that is well-suited for intensive aquaculture. The lifecycle includes eggs, larval stages, postlarvae, and adults. Prawns are generally cultured in earthen ponds and fed a balanced diet. Hatcheries produce postlarvae that are stocked into grow-out ponds for harvesting after 3-6 months of cultivation. Freshwater prawn farming provides income opportunities for small farmers and has been expanding rapidly in many countries.
Brood stock management and larval rearing of mud crab scylla serrata-Gayatri ...
This document provides information about the mud crab Scylla serrata, including its natural range, classification, life stages, and aquaculture practices. Key points include:
- S. serrata is an economically important crab species found in mangroves and estuaries in Africa, Australia, and Asia.
- Its life stages include juvenile, subadult, and adult crabs that inhabit different zones, as well as larvae and megalopae.
- Aquaculture of S. serrata involves maintaining broodstock for breeding and larval rearing, then culturing megalopae through to market size in ponds. Proper water quality, feeding, and health management are
Mud crab
The document provides information about the mud crab (Scylla serrata), including its classification, distribution, ecology, and methods for farming and hatchery management. It notes that mud crabs are found naturally in the Indo-Pacific region and are an economically important species. Mud crab farming can be done using grow-out systems, where young crabs are raised for 5-6 months until market size, or fattening systems, where soft-shelled crabs are raised for a shorter period. Hatchery management involves broodstock selection and care, spawning and larval rearing techniques, and achieving survival rates as high as 18.1% compared to the world average of 3-3.5
Aquaculture Design Project
This document provides a design for a recirculating aquaculture system to commercially farm Black Sea Bass in a 50' x 30' greenhouse. It outlines the goals of mathematically analyzing feed schedules, stocking densities, and yearly production. A nursery raceway system is designed to hold fingerlings until they reach 30 grams, at which point they will be transferred to grow-out tanks. Approximately 1450 fingerlings would need to be purchased initially to account for mortality and achieve the desired final harvest of 813 fish.
Broodstock nd hatchery management
This document discusses the broodstock and hatchery management of Penaeus monodon. It describes the natural distribution and life cycle of P. monodon. It outlines the major components of broodstock management, including broodstock selection, maintenance, holding techniques, and maturation. It also discusses hatchery development and the larval rearing process. The overall management is divided into pre-spawning and post-spawning procedures, providing details on spawning, egg hatching, larval nutrition, and nursery facilities. Disease risks are also addressed.
Seabream culture and breeding
This is a presentation about the culture and breeding aspects of Red Sea bream,Pagrus major (Chrysophrys major).This fish have high aquaculture Importance today because of its meat quality and high growth rate
RECIRCULATORY AQUACULTURE SYSTEM
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) operate by filtering water from the fish (or shellfish) tanks so it can be reused within the tank. This dramatically reduces the amount of water and space required to intensively produce seafood products.
Milkfish culture report
Milkfish are an important aquaculture species in Southeast Asia. They are cultured extensively in brackishwater ponds in the Philippines, Indonesia, and Taiwan, providing food and income. Milkfish culture involves pond preparation, stocking fry or fingerlings, feeding, and monitoring water quality. While milkfish are hardy and support important aquaculture industries, their culture also faces challenges like disease outbreaks, fry supply shortages, and high production costs.
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Culture Of Cobia- Its Biology, Seed Collection & Culture Techniques
Culture Of Cobia- Its Biology, Seed Collection & Culture Techniques
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Impacts of Climate Change in Coastal Aquaculture in Bangladesh : A Seminar Paper
Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather over periods of time that range from decades to millions of years. It can be a change in the average weather or a change in the distribution of weather events around an average. Climate change may be limited to a specific region, or may occur across the whole Earth. Climate change may be qualified as anthropogenic climate change, more generally known as "global warming" or "anthropogenic global warming”. Climate change has both direct and indirect impacts on fish stocks which are exploited commercially. Direct effects act on physiology and behavior and alter growth, reproductive capacity, mortality and distribution. Indirect effects alter the productivity, structure and composition of the marine ecosystems on which fish depend for food. However, even though the year-on-year rate of anthropogenic climate change may seem slow, this is very rapid compared with previous natural change and the accumulative value produces a significant difference from the "natural" state quite quickly. Climate change impacts such as more frequent and severe floods and droughts will affect the food and water security of many people.
Bangladesh is thought to be one of the most vulnerable countries of the world to climate change and sea level rise (CCSLR). IPCC estimates predict that due to the impact of climate change, sea level in Bangladesh may rise by 14 cm by 2025, 32cm by 2050 and 88 cm by 2100. There are a number of environmental issues and problems that are hindering development of Bangladesh. Salinity is a current problem, which is expected to exacerbate by climate change and sea level rise. Salinity intrusion due to reduction of freshwater flow from upstream, salinization of groundwater and fluctuation of soil salinity are major concern of Bangladesh. Cyclones and tidal surge is adding to the problem. Tidal surge brings in saline water inside the polders in the coastal area. Due to drainage congestion, the area remains waterlogged, increasing the salinity (Abedin, 2010).
Bangladesh in general is highly vulnerable to predicted climate changes that are already occurring and are expected to continue over the next century. Bangladesh is recognized worldwide as one of the most vulnerable to the impact of global warming and climate change.
Impacts of Climate Change in Coastal Aquaculture in Bangladesh
Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather over periods of time that range from decades to millions of years. It can be a change in the average weather or a change in the distribution of weather events around an average. Climate change may be limited to a specific region, or may occur across the whole Earth. Climate change may be qualified as anthropogenic climate change, more generally known as "global warming" or "anthropogenic global warming”. Climate change has both direct and indirect impacts on fish stocks which are exploited commercially. Direct effects act on physiology and behavior and alter growth, reproductive capacity, mortality and distribution. Indirect effects alter the productivity, structure and composition of the marine ecosystems on which fish depend for food. However, even though the year-on-year rate of anthropogenic climate change may seem slow, this is very rapid compared with previous natural change and the accumulative value produces a significant difference from the "natural" state quite quickly. Climate change impacts such as more frequent and severe floods and droughts will affect the food and water security of many people.
Bangladesh is thought to be one of the most vulnerable countries of the world to climate change and sea level rise (CCSLR). IPCC estimates predict that due to the impact of climate change, sea level in Bangladesh may rise by 14 cm by 2025, 32cm by 2050 and 88 cm by 2100. There are a number of environmental issues and problems that are hindering development of Bangladesh. Salinity is a current problem, which is expected to exacerbate by climate change and sea level rise. Salinity intrusion due to reduction of freshwater flow from upstream, salinization of groundwater and fluctuation of soil salinity are major concern of Bangladesh. Cyclones and tidal surge is adding to the problem. Tidal surge brings in saline water inside the polders in the coastal area. Due to drainage congestion, the area remains waterlogged, increasing the salinity (Abedin, 2010).
Bangladesh in general is highly vulnerable to predicted climate changes that are already occurring and are expected to continue over the next century. Bangladesh is recognized worldwide as one of the most vulnerable to the impact of global warming and climate change.
Marine Resources: Physical and biological resources, marine energy
Marine resources are physical and biological entities that are found in seas and oceans that are beneficial to man. They include fish, coral reefs and crabs, fungi, etc. A lot of conservation effort is required to protect these resources from human destruction activities like pollution and over fishing. Marine natural resources include both biological and physical sources. Biological sources include anything attributed to life forms whereas physical sources are considered to be those things that are not part of life processes. In a few instances some resources are both biological and physical. In considering the outlook of our oceans it is important to first identify the main natural resources and their status.
Use of rotifer in aquaculture of bangladesh
Rotifers are popularly called as wheel animalcules. They are an important group of live food organisms for use in aqua hatcheries. Brachionus, which is the most known form of all rotifers, serve as an ideal starter diet for early larval stages of many fish and prawn species in marine as well as freshwater. Species of the genus Brachionus (Brachionidae: Rotifera) are well represented in different water bodies worldwide (Pejler, 1977). Depending on the mouth size of the cultured organisms, small (50 to 110 micron length) or large (100 to 200 micron length) rotifers are used. There are about 2,500 species of rotifers have been known from global freshwater, brackish water, and seawater. B. plicatilis is the species used most commonly to feed fish larvae in hatcheries around the world. It is a euryhaline species, small and slow swimming, with good nutritional value. It is well suited to mass culture because it is prolific and tolerates a wide variety of environmental conditions. The rotifer, B. plicatilis and B. rotundiformis, have been indispensable as a live food for mass larval rearing of many aquatic organisms (Maruyama et al., 1997). By way of significant developments in larval rearing technology of fishes, demand for the rotifer is further increasing.
Rice fish integrated farming presentation
Rice-fish integrated farming is a system where fish are grown concurrently or alternately with rice in rice fields or rice field/pond complexes. This integrated system offers a solution for Bangladesh, one of the most densely populated countries in the world, to increase food production. Rice-fish farming has a long history originating in ancient China and provides advantages such as additional crop production, pest control, and fertilization. Proper management of water levels, irrigation, and prevention of fish theft and predation are important challenges to rice-fish farming.
Rice fish integrated farming
A rice-fish system is an integrated rice field or rice field/pond complex, where fish are grown concurrently or alternately with rice. Fish may be deliberately stocked (fish culture), or may enter fields naturally from surrounding water ways when flooding occurs (rice field fisheries), or a bit of both. Fish yields can range widely from of 1.5 to 174 kg/ha/season depending on the type of rice fish system, the species present, and the management employed.
Goat cum fish farming
In a country like Bangladesh where land is scarce, effort should be taken to increase production through integration of various production system like animal-cum-fish or rice-cum-fish culture for efficient utilization of available meagre resources and maximization of production of diversified products, from a minimum area, which will increase the income of the farmers and would enhance food production. A multi-commodity farming system presents more advantages to a mono-cropping system. But the commodity-integration must fit into the particular farmer's capability, resources and need as well as the social, economic and environmental factors around him.
Goat cum Fish Farming - Present Status and Prospect in Bangladesh
In a country like Bangladesh where land is scarce, effort should be taken to increase production through integration of various production system like animal-cum-fish or rice-cum-fish culture for efficient utilization of available meagre resources and maximization of production of diversified products, from a minimum area, which will increase the income of the farmers and would enhance food production. A multi-commodity farming system presents more advantages to a mono-cropping system. But the commodity-integration must fit into the particular farmer's capability, resources and need as well as the social, economic and environmental factors around him.
Growth Performance of Catla (Catla catla) Fed Diets Containing Different Leve...
Carp culture has attained commercial culture status.
Feed has become the most important component.
Fish meal induce good growth but it is expensive.
Due to the scarcity of fish meal ; alternative protein sources is gaining importance.
Spirulina platensis (blue green algae) ; A Cyanobacterium.
Spirulina as the replacement of fish meal.
How to write a project proposal ? (*For bd students only)
Stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) is one of the commercially farmed fish in Bangladesh and it has gained rapid popularity because of its fast growth and high yields. The species is important for its nutritional and medicinal value. However, the absence of a readily available starter feed in commercial hatcheries remains a major problem in its production. Fish larvae rely on the yolk sac for its nutritional requirements during early stages of growth. Then larvae require live foods such as Artemia nauplii, yeast, unicellular algae, rotifers, copepods, cladocerans as the most appropriate starter foods because the larvae have difficulty in assimilating dry prepared diets due to their incomplete development of the digestive system (Arimoro, 2006; Olurin et al. 2012). These live foods offer an appropriate size ingestible by a wide range of larval fish species and are rich carriers of digestive enzymes (Kolkvoski, 2001). Live foods also affect the fatty acid profile of larvae (Kainz, 2004; Das, 2006; Tocher, 2010). However, information on appropriate live foods for the larviculture of stinging catfish are scarcely available.
What is the stocking density of fish in semi intensive culture
Semi-intensive fish culture systems involve stocking densities of 1500-3000 fish per hectare for species like silver carp, catla, rohu, grass carp, and bighead carp. The document provides a table listing the typical stocking sizes and densities for these and other fish species commonly used in polyculture in semi-intensive systems in India. Cage aquaculture involves even higher stocking densities that vary based on the size of the cage and fish species, with examples given for tilapia, carp, Thai koi, and pangas.
Blue economy in bangladesh
The increased production of marine fish has come primarily through the motorization of traditional craft, the introduction of new craft and the introduction and popularization of new’ types of synthetic gear, which have replaced the traditional gear. In almost every country, this process has been either instituted or actively supported by the governments in the form of generous subsidies and credit schemes. Blue Economy could play an important role in the economic upliftment of the country in the context of poverty alleviation, ensuring food and nutrition security, combating climate change impacts. Blue Economy requires a balanced approach between conservation, development and utilization of marine and coastal eco-systems, all oceanic resources and services with a view to enhancing their value and generates decent employment, secure productive marine economy and healthy marine eco-systems.
Open water management of Bangladesh
Fisheries and aquatic resources are economically, ecologically, culturally and aesthetically important to the nation. From the global perspectives, the main issues facing by the international fishing community generally are over fishing, overcapacity, by-catch management as well as environmental degradation. The combined effect of these factors that have made 60-70% of the major world fisheries resources are in urgent need of management action to restrict the increase in fishing capacity and to rehabilitate damaged resources (FAO,1991). In Bangladesh, fisheries is one of the major subsectors of agriculture, which play a dominant role in nutrition, employment, earning foreign currency and other areas of economy. Many of our open waterbody are polluted with various pollutants and harmful chemicals. Water Resources Planning Organization (WARPO) has prepared the National Water Management Plan (NWMP) for Bangladesh in December 2001. The goal of the NWMP is to implement the National Water Policy (NWPo) and contribute to national economic development through rational management of open water resources, in a way that protects the natural environment and improves the quality of life for the people of Bangladesh. Open water fisheries are major aquatic common property resources in Bangladesh covering over four million hectares. Around ten percent of the population of 120 million depend for their livelihoods on fisheries.
Guidance on good hygiene practices
Hygiene standards and procedures usually described as Good Hygienic Practices (GHP) or Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), have been in place for many years and constituted an essential tool in traditional food control. These concepts are still essential in a modern food control system by providing the basic environmental and operating conditions for production of safe food and thus being a requisite or foundation for HACCP in an overall food safety management program. What is new is the concept of formalizing the prerequisite program alongside HACCP and the legal requirement in some countries (USA) of documented monitoring of certain sanitation areas.
Non infectious diseases of fish
Non-Infectious Disease
Not caused by pathogens
Cannot be transmitted to other species
Malnutrition, Avitaminoses, Heavy Metals etc. are responsible
Risk factors:
Genetics
Life-style
Environmental factors
Genetic Risk Factors
Determined by genes
Familial Disease Tendency
Disease runs in species
Recessive gene disorders
Down syndrome
Born with extra chromosome
Sex-linked disorders
Linked to x chromosome (female)
Can be recessive in females
Color blindness, hemophilia, & muscular dystrophy
Hilsa shad conservation and economic incentives
A popular food fish in South Asia. Five types of ilish can be found worldwide.
Yearly ilish caught are 5,000,000 tons. Among them, 50%-60% are caught by Bangladesh.
About 450,000 people are directly involved with the catching for livelihood; around four to five million people are indirectly involved with the trade.
Surimi and surimi based products fit 401
Ideally, surimi should be made from low-value, white-fleshed fish with excellent gelling ability and which are abundant and available year-round. At present, Alaskan pollack accounts for a large proportion of the surimi supply. Other species, such as sardine, mackerel, barracuda, striped mullet have been successfully used for surimi production.
Hatchery Management of Oyster, Mud crab and Mussel
Any aquatic invertebrate animals having a cutaneous or calcareous shell surrounding there body and belonging to the phylum Mollusca, the class Crustacea (phylum Arthropoda), or phylum Echinodermata is known as shellfish. The term is often used for the edible species of the groups, especially those that are fished or raised commercially. The most commercially important shellfish are:
• Mollusk: Oysters, mussels, scallops and clams
• Crustacean: Shrimp, prawn, lobster, crab and crayfish
• Echinoderm: sea urchins and sea cucumbers
Shellfish hatchery is a place where shellfish seeds are produced in a controlled way. Hatchery management is a branch of science which deals with the activities including from collection of brood shellfish to seed production. Culturing of shellfish has occurred since ancient times. Although controlled rearing of young shell has long existed, hatchery production is a more recent advancement. Producing seed under controlled conditions in a hatchery will disconnect its production from environmental factors and provide a reliable supply of seed. Oysters, mussels and mud crabs are the most important groups of shellfish after shrimp and prawn. These are popular among the western countries and becoming more popular all over the world. So hatchery management of oyster, mussel and crab is crucial.
Warm Blooded Animals ( Homeotherms ) Dominate The Terrestrial Environment, Bu...
The homeotherms are otherwise known as warm blooded animals. Their body temperature remains constant irrespective of change in environmental temperature e.g. birds and mammals. The poikilotherms are otherwise known as cold blooded animals. Their body temperature fluctuates according to change of the temperature in the surroundings e.g. fishes, amphibians, reptiles and invertebrates.
Transportation of 2kg fish seed from jessore to gazipur
Transport of hatchlings, fry and fingerlings of culturable species is a common necessity in aquaculture. Generally the fry trading season starts in April and continues until the end of September in Bangladesh. Nevertheless, mortality is the major problem of our traditional transportation system of fish fry. In Bangladesh, fish seed production hatcheries are typically situated far away from fish rearing ponds. I went to jessore to purchase 2kg fish seed. I bought 2kg fish seed from kappothakko nod hatchery in Jessore. The distance of Jessore to Gazipur is approximately 242 km away.The price of fish seed is 2000 to 3000Tk in case of Indian major carp.I have bought 2kg fish seed from Jessore to Gazipur by pick up. Approximately 2kg fish seed contain 7to 8 lac fry.The traditional fish seed transportation methods result in heavy mortality due to accumulation of toxic wastes such as ammonia, decrease in pH due to increase of carbon dioxide (pCO2), depletion of oxygen in the water, thermal tolerance hyperactivity, stress and tiredness of the fry and infection contracted during transportation.
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ROUTINE HATCHERY MANAGEMENT
- 1. Maintenance of water quality -Salinity -Temperature -Dissolved oxygen -pH and nitrogenous compound Feeds and feeding schemes Monitoring ROUTINE HATCHERY MANAGEMENT
- 2. Maintenance of water quality Salinity • Salinity in spawning grounds normally ranges from 30 to 36 ppt. • seawater salinity in spawning tanks should be maintained at 30–32 ppt to ensure good hatching rates. Temperature • In penaeid shrimps, eggs do not hatch at temperatures lower than 24°C. • The optimum temperature is 26–31°C. • molt to mysis stage within 4 days at temperatures ranging from 28°C to 31°C, • however, molting takes 6 days when temperature drops to 24–26°C. Dissolved oxygen • Dissolved oxygen is a critical factor in larval rearing. • High mortalities can occur if aeration stops even for only one hour. pH and nitrogenous compound • Normal pH of seawater ranges from 7.5 to 8.5. • NH3 and NH4 ratio in water is pH dependent.
- 3. • The approximate density sufficient for larvae in the rearing tank is 50,000/ml for Chaetoceros sp. • Brachionus must be maintained at 20 individuals/ml and Artemia at 50 grams for every 100,000 post-larvae. Feeds and feeding schemes • Environmental parameters such as water temperature, salinity and pH should be checked twice daily. • Count larvae in three 1-liter samples for small tanks and 10 times for big tanks. Monitoring
- 4. NURSERY OF POST LARVAE Concrete tanks -Ideal stocking density of the larvae is about 50/cubic meter of water. Earthen pond -Nursery pond size ranges from 500 to 20002 and water depth at 40–70 cm. -P9-P10 are suitable sizes for stocking in the nursery ponds. -Stocking density is 100–150 individuals per square meter. Nursery cages -Postlarvae (P6–7) is suitable for stocking in cages at a stocking density of 1000–2000 per cubic meters of water. Figure: Nursery Pond Figure: Nursery Cages (stationary cages & floating cages)
- 5. HARVEST AND TRANSPORT OF LARVAE P21-P25 is suitable for harvesting from nursery tanks because this size can be stocked directly to the pond and easily be transferred. The postlarvae can also be harvested with a scoop net, dip net or seine net after 2/3 of the tank water has been drained. Methods of transporting post-larvae Tanks -Post-larvae can be transported in plastic, fiberglass or canvass tanks of a suitable transport size (500–1000 liters) and provided with aeration. Plastic bag -post-larvae are transported in polyethyelene bags provided with oxygen. -The bag (60 cm × 40 cm) is first filled with 6–8 liters of fresh seawater and then packed with 3000–5000 post-larvae.
- 6. GUIDELINES — SHRIMP HATCHERIES Community property rights and regulatory compliance Community-community relations Community-worker safety and employee relations Environment-ecosystem protection Environment-effluent management Food safety, drug and chemical management Environment storage and disposal of hatchery supplies Comments:Shrimp hatcheries may require some facilities, such as pipe -lines, to be located on public land. Where this is the case, hatcheries shall ensure that local communities are consulted, approval is granted by pertinent authorities and adequate precautions are taken to prevent the facilities from being a hazard, nuisance or eyesore.