cultured shrimp are getting affected by various disease.some of them are acute and some chronic. and the curing is very harder for a farmer so it is better suggested for safety precaution and proper hygiene while culturing.and the affected shrimp in cured with antibiotics is not accepted by anyone in the export business. so, let yourself find out the various shrimp disease their cure and proper management in this seminar.
cultured shrimp are getting affected by various disease.some of them are acute and some chronic. and the curing is very harder for a farmer so it is better suggested for safety precaution and proper hygiene while culturing.and the affected shrimp in cured with antibiotics is not accepted by anyone in the export business. so, let yourself find out the various shrimp disease their cure and proper management in this seminar.
A Minimal Water Exchange Aquaculture System, also known as a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS), is a modern and sustainable approach to fish farming that minimizes water usage by continuously recycling and treating the water within a closed system. In this system, water is reused and treated to maintain optimal water quality for fish while reducing the environmental impact associated with traditional aquaculture methods.
The key components of a minimal water exchange aquaculture system include:
1. Fish Tanks: These are the primary units where fish are raised. The tanks are designed to provide suitable conditions for fish growth, such as appropriate water depth, temperature, and oxygen levels.
2. Filtration System: RAS incorporates various filtration components to remove solid waste, excess nutrients, and harmful substances from the water. Mechanical filters remove large particles, while biological filters foster beneficial bacteria that convert toxic ammonia into less harmful substances.
3. Water Treatment: Water treatment technologies, such as UV sterilization or ozonation, are used to control pathogens and maintain water quality within acceptable parameters. These methods help to ensure a healthy environment for the fish.
4. Oxygenation: Adequate oxygen levels are critical for fish health. RAS employs techniques such as aerators, oxygen injectors, or oxygen cones to maintain dissolved oxygen levels throughout the system.
5. Monitoring and Control: RAS relies on advanced monitoring and control systems to continuously measure and regulate parameters such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and water flow. This ensures optimal conditions for fish growth and allows for timely adjustments if any deviations occur.
The benefits of a Minimal Water Exchange Aquaculture System (RAS) include:
1. Water Conservation: RAS significantly reduces water consumption by recycling and reusing water within the system. It helps conserve this valuable resource and minimizes the environmental impact associated with traditional aquaculture, which often requires large amounts of freshwater usage.
2. Improved Water Quality: The water in a RAS undergoes thorough filtration and treatment, resulting in high-quality water conditions for the fish. By removing waste and controlling water parameters, RAS helps minimize the risk of disease outbreaks and promotes optimal fish health.
3. Reduced Environmental Impact: The closed-loop nature of RAS prevents the release of excess nutrients and waste into the surrounding environment, minimizing the impact on natural ecosystems and reducing the risk of pollution.
4. Increased Production Density: RAS allows for higher stocking densities compared to traditional aquaculture systems. The controlled environment and efficient waste management of RAS enable farmers to maximize production within a smaller footprint.
5. Disease Control: The controlled and isolated environment of RAS helps minimize the risk of disease transmission
This is a presentation about the culture and breeding aspects of Red Sea bream,Pagrus major (Chrysophrys major).This fish have high aquaculture Importance today because of its meat quality and high growth rate
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) operate by filtering water from the fish (or shellfish) tanks so it can be reused within the tank. This dramatically reduces the amount of water and space required to intensively produce seafood products.
A Minimal Water Exchange Aquaculture System, also known as a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS), is a modern and sustainable approach to fish farming that minimizes water usage by continuously recycling and treating the water within a closed system. In this system, water is reused and treated to maintain optimal water quality for fish while reducing the environmental impact associated with traditional aquaculture methods.
The key components of a minimal water exchange aquaculture system include:
1. Fish Tanks: These are the primary units where fish are raised. The tanks are designed to provide suitable conditions for fish growth, such as appropriate water depth, temperature, and oxygen levels.
2. Filtration System: RAS incorporates various filtration components to remove solid waste, excess nutrients, and harmful substances from the water. Mechanical filters remove large particles, while biological filters foster beneficial bacteria that convert toxic ammonia into less harmful substances.
3. Water Treatment: Water treatment technologies, such as UV sterilization or ozonation, are used to control pathogens and maintain water quality within acceptable parameters. These methods help to ensure a healthy environment for the fish.
4. Oxygenation: Adequate oxygen levels are critical for fish health. RAS employs techniques such as aerators, oxygen injectors, or oxygen cones to maintain dissolved oxygen levels throughout the system.
5. Monitoring and Control: RAS relies on advanced monitoring and control systems to continuously measure and regulate parameters such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and water flow. This ensures optimal conditions for fish growth and allows for timely adjustments if any deviations occur.
The benefits of a Minimal Water Exchange Aquaculture System (RAS) include:
1. Water Conservation: RAS significantly reduces water consumption by recycling and reusing water within the system. It helps conserve this valuable resource and minimizes the environmental impact associated with traditional aquaculture, which often requires large amounts of freshwater usage.
2. Improved Water Quality: The water in a RAS undergoes thorough filtration and treatment, resulting in high-quality water conditions for the fish. By removing waste and controlling water parameters, RAS helps minimize the risk of disease outbreaks and promotes optimal fish health.
3. Reduced Environmental Impact: The closed-loop nature of RAS prevents the release of excess nutrients and waste into the surrounding environment, minimizing the impact on natural ecosystems and reducing the risk of pollution.
4. Increased Production Density: RAS allows for higher stocking densities compared to traditional aquaculture systems. The controlled environment and efficient waste management of RAS enable farmers to maximize production within a smaller footprint.
5. Disease Control: The controlled and isolated environment of RAS helps minimize the risk of disease transmission
This is a presentation about the culture and breeding aspects of Red Sea bream,Pagrus major (Chrysophrys major).This fish have high aquaculture Importance today because of its meat quality and high growth rate
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) operate by filtering water from the fish (or shellfish) tanks so it can be reused within the tank. This dramatically reduces the amount of water and space required to intensively produce seafood products.
Presentation 1.1 Basic pond management to reduce current disease risks (Dr Po...ExternalEvents
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FRESHWATER FARMING OF BRACKISHWATER SHRIMP, PENAEUS MONODON (FABRICIUS) WIT...American Research Thoughts
Abstract: Brackish water shrimp (Penaeus monodon) farming expanded rapidly after the technical
viability of this culture system was established and farmers discovered that the high profits derived
from shrimp production could easily offset increased costs associated with this culture. These factors
facilitate the spread of brackish water shrimp farming into freshwater agricultural areas of Purba
Medinipur district of West Bengal that never experience salt water intrusion. The emergence of
brackish water shrimp farming within paddy growing regions of Purba Medinipur district has raised
concerns regarding potential environmental impacts and the suitability of conducting this activity
within highly productive freshwater agricultural areas. In the present study an attempt had been
made to farm the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon in almost freshwater condition with
innovative technologies in 04 earthen tanks each with 0.4 ha water spread area under Contai -III Dev.
Block in Purba Medinipur district in the year 2011 (April to August). The PCR tested P. monodon
seeds (PL15) were stocked in all freshwater earthen tanks after proper acclimatization @
50,000nos/tank. The salinity of the tanks was recorded between 0.0063 ppt to 0.04 ppt. The shrimps
were fed with branded feed and the feeding schedule was based on check-tray method as well as a feed
chart given by the concerned manufacturer.
ECOFERM, the circular farm produces algae and duckweed from manure, CO2 and heat to feed veal calves. The concept is described and first results are presented.
Algal biotechnology Biotechnological approaches for production of important ...pratik mahadwala
Algal biotechnology Biotechnological approaches for production of important microalgae Indoor & mass culture methods of microalgae SCP – Spirulina single cell protein
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Materi presentasi oleh Prof. Jeong-Dan Kim, Ph.D. dari Kangwon National University Korea pada Simposium Nasional Budidaya Udang Vanamei di Banyuwangi 2019
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
2. 2012-average fish
consumption- 19.2 kg.
53-200% increase in per
capita consumption, to 25 kg
in 2025 and to 30-40 kg in
2050.
Global capture fisheries
production- 91.3mt
Decreasing trend
75% of fishing sites being
over-fished
Gap
Need for the development of
new technology
Aquaculture industry
has the responsibility. A
5 fold increase in
production needed
within the next 5
decades to maintain
current aquatic food
consumption levels
Why do we need technologies for aquaculture?
3. Cont…
• While developing, consider the following
• Produce more fish without significantly increasing the usage of the
basic natural resources of water and land.
• Develop sustainable systems that will not damage the environment.
• Develop systems providing a reasonable cost/benefit ratio, to support
economics and social sustainability.
4. The Biofloc:
Defined as conglomerates– diatoms, faecal pellets,
exoskeleton, remains of dead organisms, protozoa and
bacteria.
( Decamp, o et al., 2002)
As Natural Feed ( filter feeders- Litopenaeus vannamei) :
It has shown that microbial protein has a higher
availability than feed protein (Yoram, 2005)
7. ORGANIZATION CHART
CEO
Manager
A &K Block
manager
B Block
manager
C Block
manager
D&E Block
manager
F&GBlock
manager
Block
supervisor
Block
supervisor
Block
supervisor
Block
supervisor
Block
supervisor
8. POND DESCRIPTION
Shape: Rectangular with rounded at the corner.
Area: 40*30 m^2 = 1200m^2
Depth: 1.0 m.
Type: Fully lined (side + bottom)
• Side lining is done with High Density Polyethylene Sheet
• Bottom lining is done with Kadapa slab
Check tray: 2
Pond centre cleaning system: Rotatory tool
Outlet: Sluice type
Inlet: Sieve type pipe
10. Water treatment
• Culture pond water treated to reduce the viral load by eliminating the
carriers.
• Fill reservoir pond using meshed filter bag.
• Hold water for 48 hours for any eggs to hatch out.
• Apply Nuvan (organophosphate pesticide) during low sunlight. Start
mixing aerator 30 minutes before Nuvan application.
• Run mixing aerator for 4 hours
• Collect any dead animals
• Dosage: 2 ppm between 8 and 10 am.
• Residual effect: The water can be used after 7 days.
12. Biosecurity
• Seawater through passing through 250 micron screen.
• Crab fencing
• Bird netting
• Chlorine treatment to the pond & reservoir.
13. Aeration & Aerator Deployment
• 14 HP of paddle wheel aerators
• Placed in the periphery of the ponds at a distance of about 30% of the width of the
pond from the pond edge
• Aerators were directed to create a clockwise circular motion
• For vertical aeration aspirators were used to keep the solids in suspension
14. Stocking procedure
• Seeds were kept inside the FRP TANK along with the
hatchery water
• pH and salinity of the hatchery water has been noted
• Pond water sprayed from the shower into the tank until the
pH and salinity of the hatchery water becomes equal to the
pond water
• Released into the pond water
Stress test
Confirmation test
15. Biofloc development
Clear water
Algal bloom
Large amount of foam on the
surface of ponds due to
accumulating dissolved organic
material and inadequate bacterial
community
Change to brown colour
More molasses
application
Transition
period- 2 weeks
16. C/N RATIO
• The ratio of organic carbon to total nitrogen
• Pond received a regular feed of 35% protein
• At initial due to low amount of feed addition high C/N (15:1)was maintained
Pond fed with 100kg pellets with 35%
protein+ 70 kg molasses
Molasses contain 20% water.
Molasses as dry matter=56 kg
C=100*50%+56*50%=78 kgC
N= 35*15.5%*100=5.4 kg N.
C/N= 14.4
Increased feed
addition
Lowering the C/N
RATIO.
Bacterial
population
dropped
Decomposition
rate slowdown
Accumulation of
inorganic nitrogen
Increased
molasses
addition
17. Feeding method
● Up to DOC 30: follow feeding chart (estimate the survival using check
trays)
● After DOC 30: check tray, moulting condition, size of the shrimp and as
per % biomass
● In case there is doubt about Biomass, intestine colour check to find out
underfeeding or overfeeding
Feeding time:
● Range: 7-7.30 am, 12-1 pm, 4-5 pm and 7-8 pm
Feeding area – Margin area of the pond.
18. CHECK TRAY
No. of check trays: Less than 0.5 ha. pond – 2
0.5 - 1.0 ha. pond – 4
• Depth: must be more than 2 times the SDR
• Check tray observation from DOC 20 (5.0 gm. feed/kg)
• Check tray feed put through 2” PVC pipe only.
• Cleaned every week and allowed to dry on the catwalk
• Using 16 X 16 mesh up to 5 gm animal size and 10 X 10 mesh above 5 gm Check Tray Time:
● Up to 5gm. - 3.0 hours
● 5 – 25gm - 2.0 hours
● 25– 30 gm - 1.5 hours
● Above 30gm - 1.0 hours
FEED ADJUSTMENT BASED ON CHECK TRAY:
All feed consumed – increase feed by 30%
Feed remained- Go behind previous schedule
19. Monitoring and control of Biofloc
• All the aerators in the pond must be running
• 1.5 l of water is collected about 20 m in front of the aerator
• Stirred and transferred 1 l of water to an Imhoff cone
• After 30 minutes the side of the cone has tapped to release the biofloc stuck to the walls
• Reading was noted before 60 minutes
• To reduce the biofloc, aerators has stopped for about one hour for the biofloc to settle partially
and the central drain was opened and/or clean using the rotary tool
• This will reduce the aeration requirement and gill choking
• Calculate the feed based on an FCR of 1.2. In case biofloc < 3.0ml/l, increase feed.
• If TAN is > 0.5, increase carbon
Recommended levels of Biofloc for shrimp
pond- 15 ml/l (Avnimelech, 2002).
20. Sludge control
• Radially aerated pond having a drainage
pit at the centre of the pond.
• Sludge was removed at the end of the
cycle
• Drained as long as the outgoing sludge is
black-brown and stopped once got clear
water.
• Two methods:
• 1) Removal by means of operating rotary
tool
• 2) Removal by means of sweeping the
bottom mechanically.
1
2
Rotary Tool Sweeping Tool
22. Water quality maintenance
• Monitoring not only to accumulate in notebooks and computers.
Ranges of Hydro biological parameters in Hitide seafarm, Mahendrapalli
S.No Parameters Unit Biofloc Treatment
(Pond E 4)
Estimation
interval
1 Temperature (Morning)
Temperature (Evening)
0 C 27 -- 30
30 -- 34
2 times/day
2 Salinity ppt 28 -- 40 1 time / day
3 Dissolved oxygen (Morning)
Dissolved oxygen (Evening)
ppm 3.5 – 6.5
1.5 – 9.4
8 times/day
4 pH (Morning)
pH (Evening)
7.2 – 8.3
7.1 - 8.6
2 times/day
5 Transparency (Secchi disc) cm 14 -- 55 1 time/day
Alkalinity ppm 90 -- 200 Weekly once
7 Nitrite ppm 0.5 – 1.5 Once in 10 day
8 Nitrate ppm 0.1 -- 5.0 Once in 10 day
9 Ammonia ppm 0.0 – 0.20 Once in 10 day
10 TAN ppm 0.1 – 3.0 Once in 10 day
23. SAMPLING
• Starting from the 30th DOC, every week
shrimp was collected by means of lift net
and the health status, ABW (Average
Body Weight), biomass were calculated.
• Health status is estimated by means of
parameters like muscle cramps, white
muscle, tail rot, empty gut, black gut and
soft shell.
• According to the health status, remedial
measures has been taken.
• If any moribund shrimp founded
suddenly it has to check for WSSV
24. Harvesting method
• Harvesting is done by means of draining the water through outlet and capture it
by bag net.
• Then the remaining shrimps were harvested by Hand picking
