The document describes the life cycle and development of the typical penaeid prawn Penaeus monodon. It discusses that wild gravid females spawn in open sea, and the planktonic larval stages last about 2 weeks until postlarvae are found in coastal and estuarine areas. The postlarvae then develop into juveniles and adults in estuaries before returning to sea to spawn. It outlines the 5 stages of ovarian development and spawning, where a female can produce 500,000-1,000,000 eggs per spawn. The document then details the characteristics and duration of the nauplius, protozoea, mysis, and postlarval stages in the praw
Fertilized fish eggs are known as Fish seeds. In simple words, they are the baby fishes used for seeding new Ponds in fisheries. Fish seed transportation is a process by which transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing ponds.
Fertilized fish eggs are known as Fish seeds. In simple words, they are the baby fishes used for seeding new Ponds in fisheries. Fish seed transportation is a process by which transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing ponds.
This slide is about a pearl spot fish which includes about its habit, habitat ,morphology, food and feeding, breeding behaviour, hatching, larval rearing, embryonic development, nutritive values, farming practices, seed production and pond preparation...
A SEMINAR ON INDUCING AGENTS OF HYPOPHYSATIONKartik Mondal
The precise combination of environmental factors required for maturation, ovulation and spawning.
However, quite often, under farm conditions, the requisite environmental factors are either not available or do not persist for sufficient length of time for spontaneous maturation to occur.
The pioneering discovery of B.A. Houssay (1931) and Von Ihering (1935, 1937, Argentina) that fishes can be induced to spawn by injecting pituitary homogenates has somewhat mitigated the problem.
The principal advantage of this technique, referred to in aquaculture parlance as “Hypophysation.”
The transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing pond is called transport of fish seed. The seed fish include fry and fingerlings.
Carps form the mainstay of aquaculture in India contributing over 85% of the total aquaculture production There are 61,259 species of vertebrates recognized world; over 30,700 are fish species of which 8,411 ore fresh water while 11,650 are marine. In India 2,163 spp. are fin fishes have been recorded from upland cold water (157; 7.26%) warm water of the plain (54; 20.99%), Brackish water (182; 8.41%) and marine environment (1,370; 63.43%). Some of these species are cultured at commercial level which covering a lot varieties of fin fishes The three Indian major carps, namely Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigal) contribute the bulk of production to the extent of 75 to85 percent of the total fresh water fish production, the three exotic carp such as Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and Common carp (Cyprinus carpio ), Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella )form the second important group to incorporate several other medium and minor carp and into the carp poly culture system several method were used because of their region specific consumer preference and higher market demand.
History
Carp culture in India was restricted only to a homestead backyard pond activity in west Bengal and Odisha until late 1950 s with seed from riverine sources as the only input resulting low level of production the technological breakthrough breeding of carp through hypophysation in 1957 freshwater aquaculture of the country the country till 1984 virtually laid the foundation of scientific carp farming in the country.
Important characteristics of Indian major carps:-
Indian major carp grow fast and can reproduce even in artificial ponds. They feed upon phytoplankton, zooplankton, decaying organic matter, aquatic plant etc. stomach is absent in the alimentary canal of the major carps. Three types of Indian major carps are cultured in
Introduction
Fish Health Management GOALS
Principles of fish health management
Factors affecting fish health
Common symptoms of diseases
General preventive measures
Proper Health Management through Manipulating the disease triangle
Conclusion
References
lobsters and crab fisheries in INDIA is a vast and enormous amount of catch and exports are being made.
this slide describes about the methods, distribution, annual landings and important species of lobster and crabs in India.
SYSTEMATIC POSITION of clams
What is the difference between mussels, oysters, scallops and clams?
General characteristics of clams
Distribution and habitat of clams
BIOLOGY of clams
Breeding habit of clams
Present status of production
Craft and gear
Clams have two symmetrical shells(Bivalve)
They can filters their food
Clams can control their outer shells and shut them in response to stimuli, via a elastic ligament and two large muscles
In side their usually grey, black shells you can see a white, tan center
Clams have siphons that forces water out and allows them to take in micro organisms
There are over 150 edible species.There are over 15,000 species of clams.Small freshwater clams fertilize eggs in a pouch and bear their young until its shell develops.
The Giant clam can weigh more than 400lb and live for over 150 years.
It takes 3-4 years for a clam to mature to market size.
Some clams can produce pearls.One in 5,000 clams forms a pearl.
A clam can live until about 35 years if not eaten.
distribution:
Marine clams are abundant in the low and mid intertidal zone in temperate seas globally. Other species of marine mussel live in tropical intertidal areas, but not in the same huge numbers as in temperate zones.
Certain species of marine clams prefer salt marshes or quiet bays, while others thrive in pounding surf, completely covering wave-washed rocks. Some species have colonized abyssal depths near hydrothermal vents. The South African white mussel exceptionally doesn't bind itself to rocks but burrows into sandy beaches extending two tubes above the sand surface for ingestion of food and water and exhausting wastes.
Freshwater clams inhabit permanent lakes, rivers, canals and streams throughout the world except in the polar regions. They require a constant source of cool, clean water. They prefer water with a substantial mineral content, using calcium carbonate to build their shells.
This slide is about a pearl spot fish which includes about its habit, habitat ,morphology, food and feeding, breeding behaviour, hatching, larval rearing, embryonic development, nutritive values, farming practices, seed production and pond preparation...
A SEMINAR ON INDUCING AGENTS OF HYPOPHYSATIONKartik Mondal
The precise combination of environmental factors required for maturation, ovulation and spawning.
However, quite often, under farm conditions, the requisite environmental factors are either not available or do not persist for sufficient length of time for spontaneous maturation to occur.
The pioneering discovery of B.A. Houssay (1931) and Von Ihering (1935, 1937, Argentina) that fishes can be induced to spawn by injecting pituitary homogenates has somewhat mitigated the problem.
The principal advantage of this technique, referred to in aquaculture parlance as “Hypophysation.”
The transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing pond is called transport of fish seed. The seed fish include fry and fingerlings.
Carps form the mainstay of aquaculture in India contributing over 85% of the total aquaculture production There are 61,259 species of vertebrates recognized world; over 30,700 are fish species of which 8,411 ore fresh water while 11,650 are marine. In India 2,163 spp. are fin fishes have been recorded from upland cold water (157; 7.26%) warm water of the plain (54; 20.99%), Brackish water (182; 8.41%) and marine environment (1,370; 63.43%). Some of these species are cultured at commercial level which covering a lot varieties of fin fishes The three Indian major carps, namely Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigal) contribute the bulk of production to the extent of 75 to85 percent of the total fresh water fish production, the three exotic carp such as Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and Common carp (Cyprinus carpio ), Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella )form the second important group to incorporate several other medium and minor carp and into the carp poly culture system several method were used because of their region specific consumer preference and higher market demand.
History
Carp culture in India was restricted only to a homestead backyard pond activity in west Bengal and Odisha until late 1950 s with seed from riverine sources as the only input resulting low level of production the technological breakthrough breeding of carp through hypophysation in 1957 freshwater aquaculture of the country the country till 1984 virtually laid the foundation of scientific carp farming in the country.
Important characteristics of Indian major carps:-
Indian major carp grow fast and can reproduce even in artificial ponds. They feed upon phytoplankton, zooplankton, decaying organic matter, aquatic plant etc. stomach is absent in the alimentary canal of the major carps. Three types of Indian major carps are cultured in
Introduction
Fish Health Management GOALS
Principles of fish health management
Factors affecting fish health
Common symptoms of diseases
General preventive measures
Proper Health Management through Manipulating the disease triangle
Conclusion
References
lobsters and crab fisheries in INDIA is a vast and enormous amount of catch and exports are being made.
this slide describes about the methods, distribution, annual landings and important species of lobster and crabs in India.
SYSTEMATIC POSITION of clams
What is the difference between mussels, oysters, scallops and clams?
General characteristics of clams
Distribution and habitat of clams
BIOLOGY of clams
Breeding habit of clams
Present status of production
Craft and gear
Clams have two symmetrical shells(Bivalve)
They can filters their food
Clams can control their outer shells and shut them in response to stimuli, via a elastic ligament and two large muscles
In side their usually grey, black shells you can see a white, tan center
Clams have siphons that forces water out and allows them to take in micro organisms
There are over 150 edible species.There are over 15,000 species of clams.Small freshwater clams fertilize eggs in a pouch and bear their young until its shell develops.
The Giant clam can weigh more than 400lb and live for over 150 years.
It takes 3-4 years for a clam to mature to market size.
Some clams can produce pearls.One in 5,000 clams forms a pearl.
A clam can live until about 35 years if not eaten.
distribution:
Marine clams are abundant in the low and mid intertidal zone in temperate seas globally. Other species of marine mussel live in tropical intertidal areas, but not in the same huge numbers as in temperate zones.
Certain species of marine clams prefer salt marshes or quiet bays, while others thrive in pounding surf, completely covering wave-washed rocks. Some species have colonized abyssal depths near hydrothermal vents. The South African white mussel exceptionally doesn't bind itself to rocks but burrows into sandy beaches extending two tubes above the sand surface for ingestion of food and water and exhausting wastes.
Freshwater clams inhabit permanent lakes, rivers, canals and streams throughout the world except in the polar regions. They require a constant source of cool, clean water. They prefer water with a substantial mineral content, using calcium carbonate to build their shells.
All the freshwater prawns that have been cultured so far belong to the genus Macrobrachium , Bate 1868, the largest genus of the family Palaemonidae. About 200 species have been described, almost all of which live in freshwater at least for part of their life.
The giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii , was one of the first species to become scientifically known , the first recognizable illustration appearing in 1705. The nomenclature of freshwater prawns, both on a generic and a species level has had quite a muddled history. In the past, generic names have included Cancer (Astacus) and Palaemon. Previous names of M. rosenbergii have included Palaemon carcinus, P. dacqueti and P. rosenbergii ( De Man 1879) became universally accepted.
Seed production of giant freshwater prawn fisheries pptAshish sahu
Giant freshwater prawn seed production starts in Andaman - INDIA - A scientist and his team of the Division of Fisheries Science, Central Agricultural Research Institute (CARI), Port Blair, have initiated research on breeding and larval rearing of Giant Freshwater Prawn (M Rosenbergii) under controlled conditions at the CARI farm complex.
Lobster breeding seedproduction and rearing and fattening in CagesB. BHASKAR
Commercially important exploited Lobster species of India, Breeding, seed production, larval rearing and nursery rearing, pit culture and open sea cage culture of lobsters, cost economic of lobster Aquaculture, water quality & feeding management, SWOT Analysis in experimental lobster farming. Constraints and Recommendations
Why drosophila is called as Cindrella of Genetics and why it takes away huge attention within the scietific community, along with its life cycle, all the developmental growth stages, tools for culturing them, what are the requirement and precautions should be taken while maintaing its stock are mentioned very well in this presentation.
In Sericulture Industry the uzi fly attack to the silkworm larvae is very common. The egg of the uzi fly is identified by the presence of cream coloured tiny small eggs on the intersegment of silkworm Larvae
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
1. Sameer G. Chebbi
Dept. of Zoology
Industrial fish and fisheries
Karnatak Science College, Dharwad
Important species of
Penaeid Prawns and Life
history of Typical Prawn
3. • Wild, gravid P. monodon females spawn in the open
sea.
• It takes about 2 weeks from hatching of the eggs
through the planktonic larval stages until the
postlarva.
• Benthic postlarvae are found along the coast or in
mangrove swamps and other estuarine areas where
they are collected by fry gatherers for rearing in
brackishwater ponds up to marketable size of 16 to
30 pieces per kilogram.
• Wild fry become juveniles and adults in estuarine
areas but return to the sea for spawning.
• The degree of ovarian maturation in a female is
determined by holding the spawner against a bright
light and checking the outline of the ovaries located
in the back of the prawn (Fig. 2).
• The rearing temperature was 26.5°c to 28.5°c and the
salinity of the water 30.2% - 33.5% .˳ ˳
4. Fig. 2. The appearance of the ovarian
mass at the different stages of maturity.
5. • The five stages of development are
• Stage I (immature/undeveloped) – ovaries thin,
translucent and hardly visible;
• Stage II (early maturing/developing) – ovaries yellow,
increasing in size and visible through the exoskeleton
with the anterior and middle lobes starting to develop;
• Stage III (late maturing/nearly ripe) – ovaries green,
middle and anterior lobes fully developed;
• Stage IV (mature/ripe) ovaries dark green with the prawn
ready to spawn;
• Stage V (spent) – ovaries similar to those of Stage I and
II.
• A spawner weighs from 90 to 200 grams, producing on
the average 500,000 eggs per spawning.
• The maximum number of eggs recorded from one
female is more than 1,000,000.
6. • After spawning, it takes about 12 to 15 hr before
P. monodon eggs hatch to the nauplius stage.
• There are six naupliar substages, labeled for
short as N1 to N6 From N1, a nauplius molts 5
times to N6 within 48 to 56 hr.
• Nauplii at substage N6 molt to the zoea stage.
• The zoea stage has three substages, Z1, Z2,
and Z3, all of which are completed within 5 to 6
days.
• The next and last larval stage is the mysis.
• This also has 3 substages (M1, M2, and M3 ),
which are completed in 4 to 5 days.
• The postlarva stage follows. The life cycle of P.
monodon is shown in Fig. 1.
10. DESCRIPTION OF DEVELOPMENTAL
STAGES EGGS
• The eggs are small with a narrow peri-vitelline
space.
• The egg diameter varied from 0.25 to 0.27 mm
and the yolk mass 0.22 to 0.24 mm.
• The radiating jelly like substance seen in the
case of P. monodon is also present in the freshly
laid eggs of this species.
• The developing nauplius almost fills up the entire
space inside the egg.
• The eggs hatched out 12-15 hours after
spawning.
11. Nauplius
• Nauplius stages are 6 from N1 to N6,
• Distal inner lateral seta long,
• Endopod with 4 setae, 2 inner lateral, 2
long terminal, a setal rudiment present
terminally,
• Duration of this sub-stage was 3-4 hours.
12. a. Nauplius I b. Nauplius II c. Nauplius III
d. Nauplius IV e. Nauplius V f. Nauplius VI
NAUPLIUS STAGES
13. PROTOZOEA
• Protozoea stages are 3 from Z1 to Z3,
• 6 setae on proximal endite and 4 setae on
distal endite,
• Endopod with 3, 1, 2 and 5 setae,
• Duration of this substage was 36-48
hours.
15. Mysis
• Mysis stages are 3 from M1 to M3,
• Exopod with 12 setae,
• 17-18 setae on exopod and 16 setae on
endopod,
• Duration of this substage was 12-48
hours.
16. a. MYSIS 1 b. MYSIS 2 c. MYSIS 3 d. POSTLARVAE 1
17. Post Larve
• Post larve stages are 21 from PL1 to
PL21,
• Endopod with 25 and exopod with 23
setae,
• Duration of this substage was 24 hours.
