good pond preparation for better crop in shrimp culture Mainly for vannamei culture.

1. Good Pond Preparation
For Better Crop

2. Diseases in shrimpPrimary
• Poor Culture
management
Secondary
• Organic
matter
• DO
• Poor water
quality
• Poor climate
• Staff
Result
• WSSV
• Vibrio
• White gut
• White
muscle
• Stunted
growth
• Gill disease
• Unknown
mortalities
• etc

3. Bad pond preparation Leads to Low
survival
• Decreases pond carrying capacity
• Increase disease conditions
• So the survival goes down

4. Bad pond preparation leads to
10 days
40 days 70 days
PLANKTON: Early plankton crash/thick bloom

5. Plankton Crash and Depletion of DO

6. Pond bottom/ SludgeEarly Accumulation of toxic gasses

7. More Vibrios and White gut incidences

8. Microsporidians
(EHP)
• An Emerging Pathogen
• Hepatopancreatic Tubule Epithelial
Cells
• This Farms Affected By Retarded
Shrimp Growth
• Exhibited High mortality associated
with white faeces syndrome (WFS)

9. Causes of Brownish Gill
• Lumniscent / Vibrio bacteria
• Low Oxygen Levels
• Suspended solids
• Algal Choke/plankton crash

10. Viral disease more: Vectors/ carriers
Improper Pond preparation and poor Biosecurity
leads to WSSV

11. • Prolonged Green or brown gill conditions
• Deteriorated pond bottom

12. To avoid disease

13. Steps in Pond preparation
1 Removal of organic matter:
2 Drying: oxidation of organic matter
3 Liming: according to pH
4 Tilling: improve oxidation of nutrients and
organic matter
5 Soil enrichment: adding supplements
which are deficient in soils
For minimum period of 30-40 days prior to
every crop

14. Pond bottom after crop Harvest

15. Removal of organic matter

16. Removal of organic matter
• Removes anaerobic matter consist of
ammonia, H2S, Methane and other anaerobic
harmful substances present in sludge.
• Removes certain pathogens especially
Protozoans

17. Sludge Vs HealthPondbottom
Organic
matter(Rich in
organic
nutrients and
promotes
more
decaying
bacteria)
Waterparameter
Low DO
High bacteria
Release of
toxic gases
Repeated
plankton
crash
Shrimp
Running
Mortality
Vibrio
White gut
Gills

18. Drying
• Effective method of eliminating undesirable species
• oxidizes harmful chemicals especially sulphides
• facilitates mineralization of organic matter
• Decreases Carbon content

19. Tilling

20. Tilling
• Improves soil quality
• Speeds up the oxidation process
• Release of nutrients that are locked in the soil.
• Also improves the liming efficiency by mixing

21. Pond Drying Vs HealthPondbottom
Drying and
tilling
Oxidises soil
Cheapest
Waterparameter
Eliminates
many viral and
bacterial
pathogens of
previous crop
High bacteria
Release of
toxic gases
Shrimp
WSSV
Vibrio
Etc
Premature
Crop failure

22. pH
Check soil pH after every crop
According to soil pH add liming

23. Liming requirements (Mt/ha)
pH CaCO3 CaOH2
7 0.65 0.33
6.5 0.9 0.45
6 1.15 0.58
5.5 1.40 0.70
5 1.65 0.83
4.5 1.90 0.95

24. Liming Vs HealthPondbottom
Liming
Waterparameter
Kills bacteria
and protozoans
Stabilises
water pH
Promotes
plankton
Shrimp
Running
Mortality
Vibrio
White gut
Gills
Moulting

25. Differential of soil
Organics matter overloaded has to be removed

26. Differential of soil
Less organics matter

27. Differential of soil
No organic matter

28. Lined Ponds – Preparation Technique

29. Compacting
For Loose soils
Reduces turbidity
Gill chocking
Improves plankton production

30. SOIL ENRICHMENT
DRY METHOD (ON SOIL APPLICATION):
1. Rice flour 50 kg per acre.
2. Rice Bran 20 kg per acre.
3. Probiotics 2 ltrs. Per acre.
4. Minerals 2 kg per acre.
WET METHOD (WATER APPLICATION):
1. Rice flour 25 kg per acre.
2. Rice bran 10 kg per acre.
3. Jaggery 10-15 kg per acre.
4. Yeast 1 kg per acre.
 Soak in water fermentation for 24-36 Hrs.

31. Uses of Enrichment
• Digests sludge
• Promotes good bacteria
• Improves nutrient cycles and bioavailability of
nutrients
• Balances nutrients and improves C:N ratio

32. Biosecurity For Prevention of viral
Diseases
• To avoid pathogens
• To avoid unwanted species (Mysid, fishes,
molluscans etc)
• To avoid vectors(Crabs, Arthropods etc)
• To avoid contamination between farms and
ponds

33. Bio Security:
 Bird Fencing
 Crab Fencing
 Use good meshes at water pumping (40,60,80,100)
 Use PP water at enter into the farm and before enter to
the farm wash your hands and legs

34. Screening meshes Bird fence and Crab fence

35. Bird fences

36. Reservoir/chlorination for water treatment
Chemical
Concentr
ation
Minimum
withdrawal period
Chlorine
20-30
ppm
3 days with aeration
and sunlight
Dichlorovos /
Nuvon
2ppm 7 days
CuSO4 (Molluscs
and bivalves)
7ppm 7 days

37. Biosecurity for Aquaculture Facilities,
2009
Select Disinfectants for Aquaculture
Product Concentration* Uses and Precautions
Virkon®
Aquatic
1:100 (1%) to 1:200
(0.5%) for 1 minute
Equipment, pumps, protective clothing, foot dips,
bilges, bins, buckets, harvesting equipment, vehicles
Calcium
hypochlorite
(Ca(OCl)2
(bleaching)
200-500 ppm Nets, boots, clothing.
Surfaces must be clean; easily inactivated by organic
debris. May be corrosive. Highly toxic for aquatic
animals.
Allow to inactivate for several days or neutralize with
sodium thiosulfate after 3 hours.
Note: Bleach is 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution.
Iodine
(iodophors)
200 ppm for a few
seconds
Nets, boots, clothing. Surfaces must be clean;
product is easily inactivated by organic debris. Highly
toxic for aquatic animals
Benzalkonium
chloride
250 ppm Plastic surfaces - *can be toxic to fish, so use with
caution in fish areas
Alcohol
(ethanol)
70% Hand santizing
* Always consult the product label for appropriate concentrations, uses and safety precautions.
Disclaimer: The use of product names does not constitute endorsement.

38. Biosecurity for Aquaculture Facilities,
2009
Risk Factor: Vectors
• Wild fish
• Predators
– Birds and wildlife
• Domestic animals
– Dogs and cats
traveling between farms
• People
– Employees, Visitors

39. Biosecurity for Aquaculture Facilities,
2009
Prevention: Vectors (People)
Farm Visitors
– Post signs
– Maintain a visitor log
– Use foot dips/baths
for shoes
– Accompanied by
farm personnel
– Avoid animal areas

40. SPF seed selection
• PCR for WSSV, YHV, MBV, HPV : the PL
are automatically rejected
• LB and Vibrio Free seed