This document discusses rootstocks and grafting techniques in fruit crops. It describes the steps in grafting including production of callus, restoration of vascular transport, and healing. Rootstocks can be seedling or clonal, with clonal having advantages of uniformity but seedling being more economical. Common grafting techniques are described like whip grafting, tongue grafting, cleft grafting, and side grafting. Budding techniques include T-budding, patch budding, chip budding, and ring budding. Rootstocks are important for characteristics like disease resistance, dwarfing, and growth habits they impart on the scion cultivar.

1. Practical 5
To study rootstocks and its importance in fruit crops….
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF FRUIT AND PLANTATION CROPS
HRT341

2. Scion
Rootstock

3. Production of callus (1 to 7 days)
Restoration of vascular transport between S & R
Alignment of xylem and phloem
Healing process
Bark formation
Steps involved in grafting

4. Stock or rootstock or understock
• Part of the graft that forms the root system of the grafted plant.
• In most cases, stock is raised from seeds
• The plant selected as a stock should be healthy and vigorously
growing
• Should be compatible with Scion
• Age , preferably 1 year
• Should be locally adapted, highly resistant and with good efficiency
for absorption of water and minerals.

5. Types of rootstocks:
Rootstocks are of different types depending on their multiplication
methods or raising methods. They are:
Seedling rootstocks:
• Seedling rootstocks are those developed from germinated seeds, have
certain advantages.
• Production of seedlings is relatively simple and economical and is well
adapted to mass propagation methods.
• The seedling rootstocks have disadvantage of genetic variation, which
may lead to variability in the growth and performance of the scion of
the grafted plants.

6. Clonal rootstocks:
• Rootstocks which are propagated vegetatively, are called clonal rootstocks.
• Each clonal individual plant is genetically the same as all the other plants in the
clone and can be expected to have identical growth characteristics in a given
environment.
• Propagation by vegetative means avoids genetic variations resulting in true to type
progenies.
• However, using, clonal rootstocks in budding and grafting, multifarious effects can
be observed/obtained due to interaction of rootstocks and scion cultivars.
• Clonal rootstocks can be raised from micro-propagation in apple, apricot, almonds,
chestnuts, cherries etc.
• Clonal rootstocks are desirable not only to produce uniformity but equally important
to preserve their special characteristics and the specific influences they have on
scion cultivars, such as disease resistance, dwarfing characteristics, growth, or
flowering habit.

8. WHIP (SPLICE) GRAFTING
Image:https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/

9. TONGUE GRAFTING
Image:http://rfcarchives.org.au/

10. CLEFT GRAFTING (SPLIT GRAFTING)

11. WEDGE GRAFTING

12. Side – stub grafting (Side – wedge grafting)
Image:http://himachalfruits.com/

13. SIDE - VENEER GRAFTING
Image:http://www.fao.org/

14. SPLICED APPROACH GRAFTING

17. TYPES OF BUDDING
T- BUDDING (SHIELD BUDDING)

18. T- BUDDING (SHIELD BUDDING)…

19. INVERTED T - BUDDING

21. PATCH BUDDING

22. I - BUDDING
Image: https://www.ndsu.edu/

23. CHIP BUDDING
Image:https://simpson.ca.uky.edu/

24. RING (ANNULAR ) BUDDING

25. RING (ANNULAR ) BUDDING

26. ⦿Bud grafting in which a bud
is inserted into the flap of
bark lifted from rootstock.
⦿Also called forkert budding
since the bark of the
rootstock is gently lifted for
inserting the scion bud.

27. ⦿Method of bud grafting in
which a patch of bark with a
bud is inserted into a similar
depatched root stock.
⦿Citrus , mango,
rubber
,annona,wal nut, etc .

28. ⦿The method of bud
grafting in which bud
along with a piece of
wood is inserted in a root
stock .
⦿Grapes.

29. Important considerations
1. Cambial contact
2. Compatibility
3. Significance
4. Success rate

52. INTERSTOCK
• One stock is inserted in between scion and root stock
• This prevent localized graft incompatibility

58. APPLE

61. Dwarfing rootstock

62. THANKS 