Role play , types, purposes, principles, advantages, nursing implications. Journal and references #Education # MSc. Nursing

2. PRESENTED BY -
SWARAJ SUMAN
MSC (N) 1ST YEAR
CON, AIIMS, BBSR

3. INTRODUCTION
“You can discover more about a person in an
Hour of play than in a year of conversations.”

4. DEFINITIONS
• Role playing is a teaching strategy that fits within the
social family of models.
• It is an experimental learning technique with learners
acting out roles in case scenario to provide targeted
practice and feedback to train skills.

5. Cont.….
•In nursing education roles may include patient nurse
family member other healthcare professionals/ staff
members and or observer or recorder.

6. Types of role play
Multiple role play
Single role play
Role rotation
Spontaneous role play

7. Multiple role play
• In this type of role play all trainees are in groups
with each group acting out the role play
simultaneously.
• After role play, each group analysis the
interactions and identifies the learning point.

8. Single role play
• One group of participants at out the various
roles for the rest providing demonstrations of
the situations.
• Other participants observe the role play analyse
their interactions with one another and learn
from the Play.

9. Role rotation
• It starts as single role play after the interaction
of participants the trainer will stop the role
play and discuss what happened so far.
• Then the participants are asked to exchange
characters this method allows a variety of ways
to approach thus the situations and carry out
role.

10. Spontaneous role play
In this kind of role play one of the
trainees play herself why the other
trainees play people with whom the
first participant interacted before.

11. Purpose of role play
• To convey information
• To provide emotional and effective stimulus for solving
problems
• To provide awareness about social and psychological issues.
• To prevent alternative courses of action

12. Cont.…
•To develop specific skills
•To develop a situation for analysis
•To develop understanding of a point of
view of others

13. Principles of role play
• It should be based on realistic and life related problem rather than
through hearing about such situation from others.
• Creating a teaching situation which can lead to the change of self
concept requires a distinct organisational pattern.

14. Cont.…..
• Role play is flexible.
• Role play should be stimulant to thinking and should
not be escaped from discipline of learning.
• There is no single method of selecting the character
the group may assign the characters.

15. Cont.….
• Role should be rehearsed to produce an effective outcome
on the audience to help players interpret their roles.
• Analysis and evaluation are essential to attain maximum
learning benefits.
• It should be brief.

16. PREPARATION AND CONDUCT A ROLE PLAY
• There are four main phases subdivided into smaller steps as
explained below
Preparation and
explanation by
teacher
Student
preparation
Role playing. Debriefing

17. STEPS TO CONDUCT ROLE PLAY
Selection of
the problem:
Construction of
a role playing
situation
Casting the
players
Briefing:
Role playing
action
Discussion and
analysis of
action
Evaluation:

18.  Role play encourages hands on training
 Role play adds variety reality and specificity to the
learning experience
 It helps to develop problem solving and verbal expression
of skills in students
 It enables brainstorming and team building
ADVANTAGES OF ROLEPLAY

19. Cont.…
It helps to enhance feeling of tolerance and empathy in
students
Role play provides practice to build skills before Real world
application and when Real Experience are not readily
available

20. CONT….
• It enables a learners to experiment in a safe environment with
behaviour which Strike them potentially useful and to identify
behaviours which are not useful.
• It can provide an entirely new perspective of a situation and
develop inside about feelings and relationships

21. Help the students
Develop real communication skill in leadership interviewing
and social interaction
Obtain constructive feedback from Peers.
Develop sensitivity to another’s feelings by having the
opportunity to put oneself in another place

22. cont...
• Develop skills in group problem solving
• Develop ability to observe and analyse situations
• Practice selected behaviour in the real life situation
without making a mistake.
• A person is more apt to permit true feelings to be
expressed when it is safe to do so.

23. Helps the teacher
In this teaching learning situation, it provides opportunity to
Notes the individual student needs by observing and analysing
their needs simulated real life situation
Assist the student in meeting needs by either giving her or
encouraging group members to give her on the spot suggestion.
Encouraged independent thinking
Action by stepping aside on giving indirect guidance for the
emphasis is on the students helping themselves

24. DISADVANTAGES OF ROLEPLAY
 Role playing is a
means not an end.
 Used as an
educational
technique not as a
therapeutic one)
• It requires
expert
guidance and
leadership
• Sometimes
participants
may feel
threatened

25. Cont.…
• Strongly
depend on
student
imagination
• Time consuming
in developing
group readiness
should not be
used when
pressure of time
is present
Limited only by
teacher’s ingenuity and
realistic use
Limited to small
groups

26. Cont.…
 Can be embarrassing for the students who lacks spontaneity and
acting skills
• Effective only when learners have adequate knowledge and skills
to perform what is required
 Can be a tendency by some participants to overly exaggerate their
assigned roles

27. Problems in role playing
Themajordrawbackto
teachingbyroleplayingis
theinsecurityofclass
members.
Somemayreactnegativelyin
participatinginthesituation
whichwilldiscuss
enforceabilitycriticizeby
anothermemberoftheclass
Roleplayingtakestime.

28. Cont.…
• Role playing situations may extend to several time the length of the situation
itself
• Sometimes extremely beneficial result arise. At another time if anybody
cannot perform well it is due to superficial rehash of what everyone already
knows about the problem
• If the relationship between the players is not good then this will put negative
effect on success of the play

29. Values of role playing
• It is enjoyed by people who do it
• It is a method to involve a group through participation
• It can bring out data about human behaviour and human relation which are not
made available by more traditional methods
• The individual may develop new skill for dealing with problems in human
relationships

30. Points to Remember
• There should never be one answer to a situation presented
• The time of play should be brief
• Enough time should be allowed for discussion and analysis of
the situation
• Evaluation concerns the teacher and the participants through
discussion or follow up as to specific individual behaviour or
sequential of group action

31. Nursing implication for role play
A role-play situation is designed to reflect the interaction between a care
provider and a patient in order to implement the expected therapeutic
outcome.
Role-play has been shown to be effective in reaching learning outcomes in
three major learning domains: affective, cognitive, and behavioral ,by
making students take on the role of another person, they implement many
things in their practice.

32. Cont.……
• Understanding Self-disclosure trust

33. Cont..
Truth telling and honesty
Empowerment and support
Reflective thoughts

34. JOURNALREVIEW
The effect of an empathy role-play program for operating
room nursing students
• Purpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of a role-playing training program
for empathetic communication with patients on empathy scores of operating room nursing students.
• Methods: This clinical trial was carried out on 77 operating room nursing students from the first to the
fourth years studied in the School of Nursing and Midwifery at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
in the academic year 2017-2018. The intervention administered on the experimental group included a
12-hour training program with the theme of expressing empathy to patients using a role-playing
technique. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Profession Students' Version was completed before,
immediately after, and one month after the intervention by the samples. Comparison analysis was done
among three stages.
• Results: Comparing the total mean empathy scores before intervention in the control group and the
experimental one did not reveal a significant difference (P=0.50); however, the total mean empathy
scores in the experimental group, immediately after and one month after the intervention, was
higher than that in the control group (P<0.001).

35. SUMMARY

36. Conclusion
• Role playing is a discussion technique that makes it possible
to get maximum participation of a group through acting out
example of some problem or idea under discussion. Role
playing social drama and psycho drama are closely related
and the term role playing and social drama frequently are
used interchangeably. Role playing is a spontaneous acting
out of roles in a context of human relation situations.

37. Bibliography
• Sodhi Jaspreet Kaur, Comprehensive textbook of Nursing
education.1st edition; Jaypee Brothers medical publishers(p) Ltd, 2017
page no.529-539
• K.P. Neerja, Textbook of Nursing 1sr edition , New Delhi, Jaypee
Brother publishers (p) Ltd;2003,page no. 158-165
• R. Sudha. Nursing education, 1st edition. Haryana, Jaypee publishers,
2013 page no. 65-69.