Cellulose is the main component of plant cell walls and is the raw material used in papermaking. It provides long fibers that make paper strong. The papermaking process involves processing wood or plant fibers into pulp, then forming paper sheets. Cellulose provides the fibers that bond together during drying to create paper. New technologies use nanocellulose to further enhance paper strength and properties. Due to increasing demand, the paper industry must find more sustainable ways to produce paper from renewable cellulose sources.

1. Presentation on
Role of Cellulose in Paper Industry
Presented By
Nur Hossain
M.Sc Student
Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
University of Rajshahi

2. Content
• Celluloses
• Cellulose fibers
• What is a paper industry?
• Pulp and paper process
• Cellulose in paper industry
• Conclusion

3. Cellulose
• Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C₆H₁₀O₅)n.
• Polysaccharide carbohydrate consisting of a linear chain of several
hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.
• Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell
wall of green plants, many forms of algae and the oomycetes.
• Cellulose was discovered in 1838 by the French chemist Anselme
Payen, who isolated it from plant matter and determined its chemical
formula.

4. s

5. Cellulose Fibers
Trees are used for papermaking because they contain cellulose.It is the
most suitable material since it is renewable and has got long enough
fibers to make paper products stronger.
Natural
• Seed Hair Fibers
• Bast Fibers
• Grass Fibers
• Wood Fibers
Regenerated
• Viscose
• Lyocell
• Cupro
• Acetate
Cellulose Fibers

6. What is a paper industry?
The pulp and paper industry comprises companies that use wood,
agro-residue and any fibrous material which is suitable for making
paper and paper based products as raw material and produce pulp,
paper, board and other cellulose-based products.

7. Pulp and Paper Process
The pulp and paper industry converts fibrous raw materials
into pulp, paper and paperboard.
In a first step, raw materials are processed into pulp and in a
second step, paper and paper products are produced out of
this pulp . The third category, the integrated pulp and paper
mills, combines the two processes and is most common in
the paper industry.
The five principal steps in pulp and paper production are…
•Wood preparation
•Pulping
•Bleaching
•Chemical recovery and
•Papermaking

8. Cont..
Wood Preparation: Wood preparation involves breaking wood down
into small pieces suitable for subsequent pulping operations. Major
wood preparation processes are debarking and chipping. This process
requires little energy.
Pulping: Pulping aims to separate cellulose fibers from the wood
structure.
Pulping can be performed using chemical, mechanical, or combined
chemical-mechanical techniques.
Agro-based mills use a soda process while newsprint mills use
mechanical, chemical, chemi-mechanical and chemi-thermomechanical
(CTMP) processes.

9. Cont..
Bleaching: Bleaching whitens pulps for the manufacture of writing,
printing, and decorative papers. The process alters or removes the
lignin attached to the wood fiber.
Chemical Recovery: Chemical recovery regenerates the spent chemicals
used in Kraft chemical pulping.
Papermaking: Papermaking consists of preparation, forming, pressing
and drying; preparation and drying are the most energy intensive
processes
Recycling: The recycling process includes following stages…
• Sorting
• Dissolving
• De-inking
• Mixing
• Papermaking process

10. Cellulose in Paper Industry
Cellulose fiber is the most basic and important constituent of paper, and the
size and quality of cellulose fibers are important considerations in the
papermaking process. The greater the cellulose content of a paper pulp, the
higher the quality of the paper.
When cellulose is beaten into a watery pulp, some of the glucose molecules
dissolves in the water. Then, when the pulp is spread in a sheet to dry, the
glucose re-bonds with the cellulose molecules to hold the paper together.
Cellulose is mainly used to produce paper and paperboard. Only relative
small quantities are converted to semi-synthetic cellulose derivatives, such as
cellophane, rayon, and cellulose acetate and cellulose ethers. The most
important cellulose ester is cellulose acetate.

11. Cont..
Nanocellulose is a term referring to nano-structured cellulose. This
may be either cellulose nanocrystal (CNC or NCC), cellulose nanofibers
(CNF) also called nannofibrilated cellulose (NFC), or bacterial
nanocellulose.
Their role in paper industry…
• Enhance the fiber-fiber bond strength
• As a wet-end additive
• Improves barrier properties
• Enhance structure properties
• Prepare flexible and optically transparent paper

12. Conclusion
• Overpopulation and increasing literacy rate resulting in increased
demand for writing paper and paper products .In this case, cellulose
fibers have important advantages as low density, low cost, they can
be recyclable, and biodegradable in comparison with engineered
fibers.
• Furthermore, we have to be more cautious not to affect environment
and finding more eco-friendly ways of paper production.