How biotechnology plays vital role in environmental studies

1. ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY TO ABATE
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
PRESENTED BY : MUGATHI SHAIK ABBAS
M.TECH BIOTECHNOLOGY

2. ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
SEMINAR -2022
M.TECH BIOTECHNOLOGY
CONTENTS :
DEFINATIONS
INTRODUCTION
ACTIVITES IN INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
APPLICATION
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
SUSTAINABLE BIOTECHNOLOGY
CONCLUSION SUBMITTED TO :
PROF : K.JAYA RAJU SIR
PROF : CHANDANA LAKSHMI MAM

3. ABSTRACT

4. DEFINATIONS :
Technology
•It is derived from
living things and their
natural process.
Biotechnology
•A Technology that
uses biological
systems or living
organisims to create
or modify a product
for a particular
purpose.
•It is used to often in
genetic engineering
technology of the
21st
century

5. GENERAL CATEGORIES OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY
•MEDICAL
•vaccine ,diagnostic ,pharmaceuticals
•INDUSTRIAL
•Enzymes & M.O for processing products
•AGRICULTURAL
•Enhance crops ,feeds & fertilizers
•Enviornmental biotechnology – M.o for bioremediation.

6. WHAT IS POLLUTION ?
Pollution
•Pollution is the introduction of contaminants
into the natural environment that cause
adverse change. Pollution can take the form
of any substance or energy. Pollutants, the
components of pollution, can be either
foreign substances/energies or naturally
occurring contaminants(Hg,Ar,Rn)

7. INTRODUCTION
Industrial biotechnology it is often referred to as White technology is a
collection of scientific techniques and technologies used to improve both efficiency and
enviormental foot print of modern industrial production.
Microbial technology constitutes the core of industrial biotechnology.
Microbioal technology refers to the use of microbes to obtain a product or service of
economic value .it is called as fermentation.

8. ACTIVITES IN INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
•Isolation of m.o from nature
•Their screening for product formation
•Improvement of product yields.
•Maintenance of cultures
•Mass cultures using bioreactors
•Recovery of products or services

9. APPLICATION
•Metabolic production
•Anaerobic digestion ( for methane production)
•Waste treatment ( both organic and industrial)
•Production of biocontrol agents
•Fermentation of food products
•Bio based & fuel energy

10. METABOLIC PRODUCTION
•M.o produce a number of metabolites during their growth using cheap substrates.
•Acetone-Butanol
•Alcohol
•Antibiotics
•Vitamins
•Enzymes
•Organic acids

11. BIOMASS PRODUCTION
•M.O employee to enhance the availability of nutrients viz nitrogen and
phosphorous to the crops are called biofertilizers.
•BLUE – GREEN ALGAE AND AZOLLA
•AZOTOBACTER & AZOSPIRILLUM

12. ENVIORNMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
• Environmental biotechnology is biotechnology that is applied to and used to study the natural
environment. Environmental biotechnology could also imply that one try to harness biological
process for commercial uses and exploitation. The International Society for Environmental
Biotechnology defines environmental biotechnology as "the development, use and regulation of
biological systems for remediation of contaminated environments (land, air, water), and
for environment-friendly processes (green manufacturing technologies and sustainable
development)".
• Environmental biotechnology can simply be described as "the optimal use of nature, in the form
of plants, animals, bacteria, fungi and algae, to produce renewable energy, food and nutrients in
a synergistic integrated cycle of profit making processes where the waste of each process becomes
the feedstock for another process".

13. SIGNIFICANCE TOWARDS INDUSTRIAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY
•Consider the effluents of starch plant which has mixed up with a local water
body like a lake or pond. We find huge deposits of starch which are not so
easily taken up for degradation by microorganisms except for a few
exemptions. Microorganisms from the polluted site are scan for genomic
changes that allow them to degrade/utilize the starch better than other
microbes of the same genus. The modified genes are then identified. The
resultant genes are cloned into industrially significant microorganisms and
are used for economically processes like in pharmaceutical industry,
fermentations... etc..

14. •Microbes isolated from pesticide-contaminated soils may capable of utilizing
the pesticides as energy source and hence when mixed along with
bio-fertilizers, could serve as an insurance against increased pesticide-toxicity
levels in agricultural platform.
•Similar situations can be encountered in the case of marine oil spills which
require cleanup, where microbes isolated from oil rich environments like oil
wells, oil transfer pipelines...etc. have been found having the potential to
degrade oil or use it as an energy source. Thus they serve as a remedy to oil
spills.

15. APPLICATIONS
Humans have long been manipulating genetic material through:
• breeding
•modern genetic modification
• crop yield,
• sewage treatment

16. SEWAGE TREATMENT

17. ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN SOLVING
ENVIORMENTAL PROBLEMS :
•Man enviorment has deteriorated a lot with grievous consequences.
•Biological agents used such as organisms ,tissues, cells, or isolated enzymes to convert
raw materials to products of greater value or remove waste materials or reduce
enviormental pollution by producing enviormental friendly alternatives and used for
bioremediation of polluted enviorments (soil, air & water ).
•In-situ – bio-stimulation, bio-augumentation phyto –remedation, etc.
•Ex-situ – Activated sludge process for water and waste water treatment ,air purification
systems).

18. EXAMPLES :
Air purification
Bio remediation of polluted soil
and water
Reduction in
enviormental
pollution
•Enviormental
monitoring

19. Air purification :
•This can be achieved by photosynthesis which reduces the
carbondioxide concentration (green house &acid gas)
,afforestation (planting of trees )& activites of microalgae.
Bio remediation of polluted soil and water :
• Many M.o &Higher plants are used for bio adsorption and bio
accumulation of heavy metals like Hg,Pb,Cd etc.
•Bioremediation for higher plants as nicotiana glauca, brassica
junica ,mentha aquatica etc.

20. Reduction in enviormental pollution :
•Biotechnology can be used to mimimize the enviormental pollution by
producing enviormental friendly alternatives such as bio insecticides, bio-
fertilizers, bio degradable plastics , & bio energy.

21. Enviormental monitoring :
M.o, Micro algae, higher plants and other lower animals can be used for
enviormental monitoring .These are very sensitive to certain pollutants and
thus used a s pollution indicator organisms to identify and quantify the effects
of the pollutants.

22. BIOTECHNOLOGY MAKES THE WORLD MORE
SUSTAINABLE :
•As climate change looms over our future, many industries are turning to
biotechnology for solutions to make all aspects of our lives more
sustainable for the environment.

23. Bioplastics :
• Plastic pollution is one of the major environmental issues we’re currently
facing. The waste from petrochemical plastic production plants, as well as the
tonnes of non-biodegradable plastic that is thrown away daily, are huge
problems for the environment. New technologies that incorporate biology in
the production of plastics could offer a more sustainable alternative.
•Ex : coca-cola ,yogurt cups.

25. Enzymatic detergents :
•Stronger and more sustainable detergents are one of the earliest applications of
industrial biotechnology.
•Back in the 60s, Danish biotech giant Novozymes started selling the first
enzymatic detergents.
•They consist of specialized enzymes obtained from microorganisms that are
able to break down molecules behind difficult stains, such as blood and fat.
And unlike chemical alternatives, enzymatic detergents are biodegradable.
A key advantage is that they can work at lower temperatures, therefore
reducing the amount of energy spent on washing clothes. In addition,
enzymatic detergents can be used to clean medical equipment more
thoroughly and efficiently than common cleaning solutions.

26. Biofuels :
•Fossil fuels are the biggest culprit behind air pollution, which is estimated to kill
millions of people each year. In recent years, biofuels produced from crops have
become an increasingly common alternative. However, these crops are starting to
compete for agricultural land, which can contribute to deforestation and rising
food prices.

27. Cultivated meat :
•The meat industry is a huge polluter. Biotechnology could significantly
reduce the use of land, water, and energy by growing meat without the
animal, directly from a small sample of muscle and fat cells. This approach
would also reduce the use of antibiotics in meat production as it can be
created in sterile lab conditions.
•In 2020, Singapore became the first country to approve the
commercialization of a cultivated meat product, developed by US-based
company Eat Just.

29. Flavorings :
•Most flavorings were traditionally extracted from plants. Today, however, many of
them are produced through petrochemical processes. Biotechnology could provide
an environmentally friendly alternative that does not require as much land and
resources as traditional methods.
•For example, traditionally 160,000 oranges are needed to produce just a liter of the
orange flavoring molecule valencene. Instead, bacteria or yeast can be engineered to
produce these molecules in industrial vats, reliably producing large volumes of
virtually any flavoring. A leader in this field is Evolva, in Switzerland, which
produces the natural sweetener as well as orange, vanilla, and grapefruit flavors.

30. •Cosmetics
•Many natural cosmetics contain active ingredients sourced from plants. However, for some
of these ingredients, the amount obtained from a plant can be quite small compared to the
amount of land, water, and energy that are needed to produce it.
•Companies such as Bioeffect in Iceland or Biossance in the US are looking at producing
these compounds more sustainably through microbial fermentation. Using this fermentation
technology, the French biotech company Deinove is able to produce the anti-ageing
compound phytoene in its pure form, with the goal of using it as an ingredient for skincare
products. The firm also does research into new cosmetic ingredients by studying bacteria
that are able to live in the extreme conditions of hot water springs.

31. Clothing :
•Fast fashion is a big sustainability issue. Biotechnology could put a stop to its
environmental impact by replacing polluting chemical processes and making textile
waste recyclable and biodegradable. Enzymes are already used routinely to wash
and bleach clothing and to prevent wool from shrinking. New technologies could
allow us to go further by using microbes to produce textiles.
•That is the case of AM Silk in Germany, which uses bacterial fermentation to
produce spider silk fibers. Among the many applications of this material, the
company is working with Adidas to make a biodegradable running shoe that does
not leave waste behind.

32. CONCLUSION :
•Biotechnology Provides Clean Air, Water and Green Products. New
industrial and environmental biotechnology advances are helping to make
manufacturing processes cleaner and more efficient by reducing toxic
chemical pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
“ Enviormental pollution is an incurable disease, it can only be prevented” .

33. THANK
YOU