The document discusses bioremediation, the process of using living organisms to address environmental issues, particularly through microbial action. It differentiates between in-situ and ex-situ bioremediation methods, detailing techniques such as bioventing, biosparging, bioaugmentation, and biostimulation, as well as solid-phase treatment processes like composting and mycoremediation. Case studies highlight the application of these techniques in treating petroleum and wastewater contamination.

1. PPT By :- Mohan Kumar M P
BRANCH : Biotechnology .
engineering
Topic ON:
MICROBES IN
BIOREMEDIATION

2. MICROBES IN BIOREMEDIATION

3. BIOREMEDIATION
• BIO- LIFE
• REMEDIATION- TO SOLVE
• Solving environmental problems using
biological organisms
• Use of living organisms to reduce or eliminate
the environmental hazards

5. Bacterial Bioremediation
• 1) In-situ-ON site Bioremediation
a) Intrinsic
b) Engineered
• 2) Ex-situ-OFF site bioremediation
a) Slurry-Phase
b) Solid-Phase

6. IN-SITU
• Contaminated site is treated at the Point of
Origin .
• Prevents the spread of contamination during
the Displacement and transport of
contaminated material
• Eg : Soil Bioremediation at the site of
occurrence

7. INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION
• Conversion of environmental pollution into
harmless substances naturally.
• Depends on the inherent capacity of the
microbes that are already present.
• Utilizes the natural existing micro flora for
nutrients & Ventilation .

8. ENGINEERED
• Engineered system applied when the the
intrinsic system is not suitable .
• Better form of bioremediation .
• Site is provided with the required Nutrients ,
air , microbes & other required additives to
enhance the bioremediation.

9. EX-situ
• It is an off-site bioremediation process
• Takes place above the ground level .
• Contaminated compound are transferred from
the origin site to separately for
bioremediation .
• It includes
• Solid phase treatment
• Slurry phase treatment

10. SLURRY-PHASE SYSTEM
• Occurs in the Bioreactor .
• Contaminated soil + water + nutrients +
oxygen + other additives
• After bioremediation
• water is removed off
• solid waste disposed off
• treated soil is tested & replaced into the
surrounding.

13. SOLID-PHASE TREATMENT
• Remediation above the ground.
• Takes place under the controlled temperature,
moisture, heat , nutrient .
• Easy to operate but requires large space .
• Suitable for organic wastes , domestic
industrial waste , municipal solid waste.

14. ENGINEERED TECHNIQUES(IN-SITU)
• BIOVENTING
• BIOSPARGING
• BIOAGUMENTATION
• BIOSTIMULATION

15. 1.BIOVENTING
• Process of supplying Oxygen+Nutrient to the
contaminated site.
• Oxygen stimulate the indigenous microbes.
• A blower or compressor is connected to the
air supplying well
• H2O2, O2, He , is blow into the well.

18. 2.BIOSPARGING
• Injection of Air to enhance the biological role
of indigenous microbes.
• Suitable for Benzene, toluene , volatile organic
compound , chlorinated ethane , petroleum
hydrocorbons , vinyl chloride .
• Best result seen within 6-months to 2-years.
• Low air injection rate is enough.
• Bio-venting is more effective than biosparging.

20. 3.BIOAGUMENTATION
• Addition of exogenous microbes to enhance
the degradation process.
• Improvement in the efficiency & in the speed
of the process .
• Mainly used for treatment of contaminated
water .
• LIMT: First identification of existing microbial
communities , contaminants and its amount .

21. Case study
• China-coal waste water plant
• Waste water contains harmful :- thiocyanate ,
phenols, ammonia & sulfur containing poly-
nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
• Treated with Pseudomonas stutzeri
showed best result .

22. Petroleum cleanup
• Petroleum leakage cause the oil-pit .
• Total petroleum hydrocarbons = 44,880ppm
• Performed Bioagumentation with advance
strain for 47 days .
• Level lowered to 6,486ppm.

24. 4.BIOSTIMULATION
• Addition of In-organic nutrient to the
contaminated sites.
• Perform to enhance the indigenous microbes.
• Phosphorus, nitrogen , glutamate , sulfur ,
Acetate.
• More effective when combined with
Bioagumentation .

25. Solid phase treatment process include:
• Composting ,
• Landforming &
• Biopiles

26. 1.Composting
• Used to convert biodegradable hazardous
waste to harmless products .
• Performed using Bulking agent
• Bulking agents are straw , manure ,
agricultural waste , wood waste .
• Best result can be seen nearly in 20 days.
• Contaminated soil + Bulking agents at 45°C -
65°C

27. • Performed well mixing of the contaminant
and agents nearly for 40 days
• Increased in temperature denote the
occurrence bioremediation process .
• Temperature rises is due to the heat produced
by the microbes during degradation .

30. 2.LAND FORMING
• Contaminated soil is excavated and spread
over the land .
• Periodically titled to improve the aeration .
• Degradation by the indigenous microbe .
• Performs volatilization than degradation .
• Mainly lighter hydrocarbons are easily
volatilised .

33. 3.BIOPILING
• Hybrid of land forming and composting .
• Set up is similar to land forming but compost
is added along with the contaminated soil .
• Provides favourable environment for
Indigenous aerobic and anaerobic microbes .
• First nutrient then contaminated soil is spread
up for 20 feet height .
• Aeration is provided through perforated pipes.

34. • Set up is covered with plastic sheet .
• Microbes + nutrients + aeration – undergoes
the Volatilization of the contaminant .
• Recovered in collection tank .

37. MYCOREMEDIATION
• Bioremediation using Fungi .
• Mycelium(vegetative part of fungus : thread
like hyphae in the colony) contains
extracellular enzymes(function outside of the
cell) & acids for remediation .
• Fungi is the only organism that can degrade
wood .
• White rot fungi and Brown rot fungi .

38. Some important topics in
Mycoremediation
• Fungal enzymes play a very major role in
Bioremediation .
• Fungal bioremediation of municipal solid
waste .
• Bioremediation potential of fungi .
• Fungal as agent as Bioremediation .
• Technical advance in fungi bioremediation .

42. Case study
• Diesel contaminated soil
• Inoculation of mycelium from oyster
mushroom[Pleurotus ostreatus ].
• After 5 weeks nearly 95% of poly
hydrocarbons are turned into non-toxic .

43. Pleurotus ostreatus

44. Archaea Bioremediation
• The role of archaea in bioremediation has not
been studied as commonly as that of bacteria.
Numbers of researchers have shown their
ability to degrade various pollutants.
• Extreme halophilic archaea has potential to
biodegrade pollutants in hypersaline
environment, in which bacteria typically used
in bioremediation cannot survive or function
properly.

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