This document summarizes the results of a traffic study conducted at Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Traffic was counted manually in 15-minute intervals between 8:15-9:30 AM on a weekday. Over 2000 passenger car units (PCUs) were recorded in each direction, with cars comprising over 60% of the traffic stream. The average service flow rates were 1727 PCUs/hour from Flyover to Shatrasta and 1992 PCUs/hour in the opposite direction. The directional distribution was found to be 46% from Flyover to Shatrasta and 54% in the other direction.

1. Ahsanullah University of
Science & Technology
Department of Civil Engineering
Transportation Engineering Lab
4th Year; 2nd Semester
Sec : A

2. Presented By
Group-1
Md. Abu Sayeed 09.02.03.001
Maksudul Alim 09.02.03.003
Abontee Barua 09.02.03.005
K.M. Tawrat 09.02.03.006
Wasim Ather 09.02.03.008
Rezwana Binte Hafiz 09.02.03.053
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4. What is Traffic Study???.....
Traffic studies may be grouped
into three main categories:
(1) Inventories,
(2) Administrative studies, and
(3) Dynamic studies.

5. Traffic Engineering Studies
– Volume studies
– Speed studies
– Travel time studies
– Delay studies
– Density studies
– Accident studies
– Parking studies
– Goods movement and transit studies
– Pedestrian studies
– Calibration studies
– Observation studies

6. Volume Study
Traffic volume is defined as the number of vehicles
crossing a section of road per unit time at any
selected period. Traffic volume studies are
conducted to collect data on the number of vehicles
and/or pedestrians that pass a point on a highway
facility during a specified time period.
This time period varies from as little as 15 min to
as much as a year, depending on the anticipated use
of the data.

7. To determine of vehicle composition in traffic
stream.
To determine the service flow rate in PCU/PCE unit.
To estimate of ADT based on expansion factor.
To determine the directional distribution(DD).
To draw flow fluctuation curves

8. Effectiveness of a traffic control
measure
To check existing, operating service
condition of a roadway section
Planning traffic operation and control of
existing facility
To design intersection, signal timings,
channelization
Structural design of pavements,
geometric design and road way capacity

9. Volume Study
Traffic volume studies are usually
conducted when certain volume
characteristics are needed, some of
which follow:
oAverage Annual Daily Traffic (AADT)
oAverage Daily Traffic (ADT)
oPeak Hour Volume (PHV)
oVehicle Classification (VC)
oVehicle Miles of Travel (VMT)

10. DEFINITIONS AND USEFUL
PARAMETRS

11. Definitions & Useful
Parameters
• Volume:
Volume on a road is the number of vehicles passing the
measurement point during a specified time interval.
• Demand:
is a measure of the number of vehicles (or passengers, or
persons) waiting for service in the given time period.
• Capacity:
is the maximum number that can reasonable be expected to
be served in the given time period.

12. Definitions & Useful Parameters
• PCE:
Passenger Car Equivalent is essentially the
impact that a mode of transport has on traffic
variables (such as headway, speed, density)
compared to a single car
• PCU:
It is a vehicle unit used for expressing highway
capacity unit

13. Definitions & Useful
Parameters
• Daily Volumes:
A common time interval for volumes is a day.
• Daily volumes are frequently used as the basis
for highway planning and general observations
of trends.

14. Daily Volume
commonly used daily volume parameters
Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT)
the average of 24-hour counts collected every day
of the year.
Average Daily Traffic (ADT)
the average of 24-hour counts collected over a
number of days greater than one but less than a
year.

15. Peak Hour Volume (PHV)
the maximum number of vehicles that pas a point
on a highway during a period of 60 consecutive
minutes.
Vehicle Classification (VC) with respect to the type of
vehicles for cars, two-axle trucks, or three-axle
trucks.
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Flow Rate
Vehicles/ 15 min expanded to 1 hour

16. Factors
 Hourly expansion factors (HEFs) are determined
by the formula
 Daily expansion factors (DEFs) are computed
as

17. Definitions (cont…)
• Directional Distribution
Directional Distribution is the predominant
one-way traffic volume expressed as a
percentage of two-way traffic

18. Methods of counting volume
PowerPlugs
Templates for PowerPoint

19. The two basic methods of
counting traffic are:
 Manual observation
 Automatic recording

20. Manual observation……
Most applications of manual counts require
small samples of data at any given location.
Manual counts are
sometimes used when the effort and expense
of automated equipment are not justified

21. Mechanical count
board
Electronic count
board

22. Manual observation……
Tally Sheets
Recording data onto tally sheets is the simplest means of
conducting manual counts. The data can be recorded
with a tick mark on a pre-prepared field form. A watch or
stopwatch is necessary to measure the desired count
interval

23. Automatic recording
Methods of counting volume…
Permanent Counters
Portable Counters

24. Video Recording
Automatic counting

25. Types of Volume Counts
Cordon Counts
Screen Line Counts
Intersection Counts

26. Types of Volume Counts
Pedestrian Volume counts
Periodic Volume counts

27. Cordon
Counts

28. Screen
Line
Counts

29. Inters
ection
Count
s

31. Study Area ( Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue)

33. General Information
Location: Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed
Avenue (Flyover)
Date: June 20, 2013
Time: 8:15am - 8:30am
Duration: 15 minute
Weather: Sunny day
Method: Manual (Direct)

34. Car
Bus
Motorbike
CNG
Microbus/
Pajero

35. DATA COLLECTION AND
ANALYSIS

36. RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY

37. General Information
Location: Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue
Date: June 19, 2013 (Wednesday)
Time: 3:30 to 3:45 pm
Duration: 15 minute
Weather: Clear
Method: Manual (Direct)

38. Number of vehicle
Time
Car,Jeep,
Micro,Ta
xi
3
Wheeler
Motorcy
cle
Bus NMT Total
3:30-
3:45 pm
215 80 33 37 22 387

39. Converted no. of Vehicle
Type of vehicle
No. of vehicle PCE Converted no. of
vehicle or PCU
Car,Jeep,Micro,Taxi 215 1.0 215
3 Wheeler 80 0.5 40
Motorcycle 33 0.1 3.30
Bus 37 3.0 111
NMT 22 0.5 11
Total 387 380.3

40.  Rate of Flow = 380.30 vehicle/15
min
 Service flow rate of Reconnaissance
survey
= 380.30*4
= 1521.20 vehicle/hour

41. FINAL SURVEY

42. Field activities and Time distribution

43. General Information
Group no. 01
 Location: Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue
Date: June 20, 2013 (Thursday)
 Time: 8:15 to 8:30 am
Duration: 15 minute
 Weather: Clear
 Method: Manual (Direct)

44. Group no. 01 (cont)
Number of Vehicle
Time
Car,Jeep,
Micro,Ta
xi
3
Wheeler
Motorcy
cle
Bus NMT Total
8:15-
8:30
263 110 43 41 48 505

45. Group no. 01 (cont)
Converted no. of Vehicle
Type of vehicle No. of vehicle PCE
Converted no. of
vehicle or PCU
Car,Jeep,Micro,Tax
i
263 1 263
3 Wheeler 110 0.5 55
Motorcycle 43 0.1 4.3
Bus 41 3 123
NMT 48 0.5 24
Total 505 469.30

46. Group no. 01 (cont)
 Rate of Flow = 469.30 vehicle/15 min
 Service flow rate = Rate of Flow * 4
= 469.3*4
= 1877.20 vehicle/hour

47. Group no. 01 (cont)
 Hourly expansion factor, HEF = 17.11
 Daily volume of traffic
= Service flow rate*HEF
= 1877.20*17.11
= 32118.892 vehicle/day

48. Group no. 01 (cont)
 Daily expansion factor, DEF = 7.012
 Weekly volume of traffic
= Daily volume of traffic*DEF
= 32118.892*7.012m
= 225217.67 vehicle/week

49. Group no. 01 (cont)
 Average daily traffic, ADT
= Weekly volume of traffic/7
= 225217.67/7
= 32173.95 vehicle/day

50. Group no. 01 (cont)
 Annual average daily traffic
= ADT*1.395
= 32173.95*1.395
= 44882.66 vehicle/day

51. Number of Vehicle
(Flyover to Shatrasta)
Group
no.
Time
Car,Jeep,
Micro,Tax
i
3
Wheeler
Motorcyc
le
Bus NMT Total
1 8:15-8:30 263 110 43 41 48 505
2 8:30-8:45 262 127 60 45 17 511
3 8:45-9:00 169 63 40 26 4 302
4 9:00-9:15 239 106 80 36 0 461
5 9:15-9:30 220 94 55 33 16 418
Total 1153 500 278 181 85

52. Converted no. of Vehicle
(Flyover to Shatrasta)
Type of
vehicle
No. of
vehicle
PCE Converted
no. of
vehicle or
PCU
% PCU
Car,Jeep,Mic
ro,Taxi
1153 1 1153
57.18395
3 Wheeler 500 0.5 250 12.39895
Motorcycle 278 0.1 27.8 1.378763
Bus 181 3 543 26.93052
NMT 85 0.5 42.5 2.107821
Total 2016.3 100

53. Vehicle Composition of Traffic Stream
(Flyover to Shatrasta)
57.18%
12.40%
1.38%
26.93%
2.11%
Car,Jeep,Micro,Taxi
3 Wheeler
Motorcycle
Bus
NMT

54. Number of Vehicle
(Shatrasta to Flyover)
Group
no.
Time
Car,Jeep,
Micro,Ta
xi
3
Wheeler
Motorcyc
le
Bus NMT Total
6 8:15-8:30 314 125 110 24 7 580
7 8:30-8:45 341 111 88 35 40 615
8 8:45-9:00 282 132 74 25 0 513
9 9:00-9:15 341 142 62 48 0 593
10 9:15-9:30 314 105 61 32 0 512
Total 1592 615 395 164 47

55. Converted no. of Vehicle
(Shatrasta to Flyover)
Type of
vehicle
No. of
vehicle
PCE Converted
no. of
vehicle or
PCU
% PCU
Car,Jeep,Mic
ro,Taxi
1592 1 1592
64.86046
3 Wheeler 615 0.5 307.5 12.52801
Motorcycle 395 0.1 39.5 1.609289
Bus 164 3 492 20.04482
NMT 47 0.5 23.5 0.957425
Total 2454.5 100

56. Vehicle Composition of Traffic Stream
(Shatrasta to Flyover)
64.86%
12.53%
1.61%
0.96%
20.04%
Car,Jeep,Micro,Taxi
3 Wheeler
Motorcycle
Bus
NMT

57. Flyover to
Shatrasta
Service flow
rate
(PCU/hour)
Shatrasta to
Flyover
Service flow
rate
(PCU/hour)
Group 01 1877.20 Group 06 1852
Group 02 1900 Group 07 2121.20
Group 03 1707 Group 08 1721.6
Group 04 1632 Group 09 2392.8
Group 05 1518 Group 10 1874.4
Average 1726.84 Average 1992.32
Directional
Directional
46 %
54%
distribution
distribution
Directional Distribution

58. Service flow rate Histogram
(Flyover to Shatrasta)
1877.2 1900
1707
1632
1518
2000
1500
1000
500
0
8:15-8:30 8:30-8:45 8:45-9:00 9:00-9:15 9:15-9:30
PCU/hour
Time

59. Service flow rate Histogram
(Shatrasta to Flyover)
1852
2121.2
1721.6
2392.8
1874.4
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
8:15-8:30 8:30-8:45 8:45-9:00 9:00-9:15 9:15-9:30
PCU/hour
Time

60. Directional Distribution
46%
54%
Flyover to Statrasta
Statrasta to Flyover

61. Flow Fluctuation
Time
Flyover to Statrasta Statrasta to Flyover
Average of
% ADT
Group
no.
ADT
(vehicle/day)
% ADT
Group
no.
ADT
(vehicle/day)
% ADT
8:15-8:30 1 32173.95 21.23 6 31742.04 18.59 19.91
8:30-8:45 2 32564.73 21.49 7 36355.95 21.29 21.39
8:45-9:00 3 29256.84 19.30 8 29507.07 17.28 18.29
9:00-9:15 4 27971.39 18.45 9 41010.99 24.02 21.23
9:15-9:30 5 29596.88 19.53 10 32125.96 18.82 19.18
Total 151563.79 100 170742.01 100

62. Flow Fluctuation Curve
25
20
15
10
5
0
8:15-8:30 8:30-8:45 8:45-9:00 9:00-9:15 9:15-9:30
% ADT
Time
Flyover to Shatrasta
Shatrasta to Flyover
Average

63. Recommendations
Only 26% of total vehicles were Buses.
Public transport should be increased and improved.

64. Recommendations
5% of total vehicles were Non-motorized vehicles.
A dedicated lane should be provided to facilitate non-motorized
vehicle.

65. Recommendations
39% of total vehicles were private cars. To reduce the number
of private cars two steps can be taken-
• Introducing TollsHOTCongestion pricing along some specific
urban roadways.
• Introducing parking permits and restricting parking space.

66. Recommendations
In order to pick up and drop off passengers, bus-lay-by
should be provided.

67. Operated manual counting without a single Hand
Counter.
No provision for cross check in the manual
method.
No vantage location from where video method
could be used to collect data.

68. Thank
You…….