This document contains information from a traffic study conducted at Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A group of 6 students conducted manual traffic counts over two 15-minute periods in both directions at the location. They classified over 2000 vehicles and calculated passenger car equivalents, directional distribution, hourly flow rates, and average daily traffic. Their analysis found the directional split to be 54% from Shatrasta to the flyover and 46% from the flyover to Shatrasta. Peak hourly flows were around 2000 passenger car units in each direction. This traffic study provides data to understand volume, composition, and flow patterns at this location.

1. Ahsanullah University of
Science & Technology
Department of Civil Engineering
Transportation Engineering Lab
4th Year; 2nd Semester
Sec : A

2. Presented By
Group-1
Md. Abu Sayeed
Maksudul Alim
Abontee Barua
K.M. Tawrat
Wasim Ather
Rezwana Binte Hafiz
09.02.03.001
09.02.03.003
09.02.03.005
09.02.03.006
09.02.03.008
09.02.03.053
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4. What is Traffic Study???.....
Traffic studies may be grouped
into three main categories:
(1) Inventories,
(2) Administrative studies, and
(3) Dynamic studies.

5. Traffic Engineering Studies
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Volume studies
Speed studies
Travel time studies
Delay studies
Density studies
Accident studies
Parking studies
Goods movement and transit studies
Pedestrian studies
Calibration studies
Observation studies

6. Volume Study
Traffic volume is defined as the number of vehicles
crossing a section of road per unit time at any
selected period. Traffic volume studies are
conducted to collect data on the number of vehicles
and/or pedestrians that pass a point on a highway
facility during a specified time period.
This time period varies from as little as 15 min to
as much as a year, depending on the anticipated use
of the data.

7. To determine of vehicle composition in traffic
stream.
To determine the service flow rate in PCU/PCE unit.
To estimate of ADT based on expansion factor.
To determine the directional distribution(DD).
To draw flow fluctuation curves

8. Effectiveness of a traffic control
measure
To check existing, operating service
condition of a roadway section
Planning traffic operation and control of
existing facility
To design intersection, signal timings,
channelization
Structural design of pavements,
geometric design and road way capacity

9. Volume Study
Traffic volume studies are usually
conducted when certain volume
characteristics are needed, some of
which follow:
oAverage Annual Daily Traffic (AADT)
oAverage Daily Traffic (ADT)
oPeak Hour Volume (PHV)
oVehicle Classification (VC)
oVehicle Miles of Travel (VMT)

10. DEFINITIONS AND USEFUL
PARAMETRS

11. Definitions & Useful
Parameters
• Volume:
Volume on a road is the number of vehicles passing the
measurement point during a specified time interval.
• Demand:
is a measure of the number of vehicles (or passengers, or
persons) waiting for service in the given time period.
• Capacity:
is the maximum number that can reasonable be expected to
be served in the given time period.

12. Definitions & Useful Parameters
• PCE:
Passenger Car Equivalent is essentially the
impact that a mode of transport has on traffic
variables (such as headway, speed, density)
compared to a single car
• PCU:
It is a vehicle unit used for expressing highway
capacity unit

13. Definitions & Useful
Parameters
• Daily Volumes:
A common time interval for volumes is a day.
• Daily volumes are frequently used as the basis
for highway planning and general observations
of trends.

14. Daily Volume
commonly used daily volume parameters
Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT)
the average of 24-hour counts collected every day
of the year.
Average Daily Traffic (ADT)
the average of 24-hour counts collected over a
number of days greater than one but less than a
year.

15. Peak Hour Volume (PHV)
the maximum number of vehicles that pas a point
on a highway during a period of 60 consecutive
minutes.
Vehicle Classification (VC) with respect to the type of
vehicles for cars, two-axle trucks, or three-axle
trucks.
Flow Rate
Vehicles/ 15 min expanded to 1 hour
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16. Factors

Hourly expansion factors (HEFs) are determined
by the formula

Daily expansion factors (DEFs) are computed
as

17. Definitions (cont…)
• Directional Distribution
Directional Distribution is the predominant
one-way traffic volume expressed as a
percentage of two-way traffic

18. Methods of counting volume
PowerPlugs
Templates for PowerPoint

19. The two basic methods of
counting traffic are:
 Manual observation
 Automatic recording

20. Manual observation……
Most applications of manual counts require
small samples of data at any given location.
Manual counts are
sometimes used when the effort and expense
of automated equipment are not justified

21. Electronic count
board
Mechanical count
board

22. Manual observation……
Tally Sheets
Recording data onto tally sheets is the simplest means of
conducting manual counts. The data can be recorded
with a tick mark on a pre-prepared field form. A watch or
stopwatch is necessary to measure the desired count
interval

23. Automatic recording
Portable Counters
Permanent Counters
Methods of counting volume…

24. Video Recording
Automatic counting

25. Types of Volume Counts
Cordon Counts
Screen Line Counts
Intersection Counts

26. Types of Volume Counts
Pedestrian Volume counts
Periodic Volume counts

27. Cordon
Counts

28. Screen
Line
Counts

29. Inters
ection
Count
s

31. Study Area ( Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue)

33. General Information
Location: Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed
Avenue (Flyover)
Date: June 20, 2013
Time: 8:15am - 8:30am
Duration: 15 minute
Weather: Sunny day
Method: Manual (Direct)

34. Car
Bus
Motorbike
CNG
Microbus/
Pajero

35. DATA COLLECTION AND
ANALYSIS

36. RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY

37. General Information
Location: Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue
Date: June 19, 2013 (Wednesday)
Time: 3:30 to 3:45 pm
Duration: 15 minute
Weather: Clear
Method: Manual (Direct)

38. Number of vehicle
Car,Jeep,
3
Motorcy
Time Micro,Ta
Wheeler cle
xi
3:303:45 pm
215
80
33
Bus
NMT
Total
37
22
387

39. Converted no. of Vehicle
No. of vehicle
PCE
Converted no. of
vehicle or PCU
Car,Jeep,Micro,Taxi
215
1.0
215
3 Wheeler
80
0.5
40
Motorcycle
33
0.1
3.30
Bus
37
3.0
111
NMT
22
0.5
11
Total
387
Type of vehicle
380.3

40.  Rate of Flow = 380.30 vehicle/15
min
 Service flow rate of Reconnaissance
survey
= 380.30*4
= 1521.20 vehicle/hour

41. FINAL SURVEY

42. Field activities and Time distribution

43. General Information
Group no. 01
 Location: Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue
 Date: June 20, 2013 (Thursday)
 Time: 8:15 to 8:30 am
 Duration: 15 minute
 Weather: Clear
 Method: Manual (Direct)

44. Group no. 01 (cont)
Number of Vehicle
Car,Jeep,
3
Motorcy
Time Micro,Ta
Wheeler cle
xi
Bus
NMT
Total
8:158:30
41
48
505
263
110
43

45. Group no. 01 (cont)
Converted no. of Vehicle
Type of vehicle
No. of vehicle
PCE
Converted no. of
vehicle or PCU
Car,Jeep,Micro,Tax
i
263
1
263
3 Wheeler
110
0.5
55
Motorcycle
43
0.1
4.3
Bus
41
3
123
NMT
48
0.5
24
Total
505
469.30

46. Group no. 01 (cont)
 Rate of Flow = 469.30 vehicle/15 min
 Service flow rate = Rate of Flow * 4
= 469.3*4
= 1877.20 vehicle/hour

47. Group no. 01 (cont)
 Hourly expansion factor, HEF = 17.11
 Daily volume of traffic
= Service flow rate*HEF
= 1877.20*17.11
= 32118.892 vehicle/day

48. Group no. 01 (cont)
 Daily expansion factor, DEF = 7.012
 Weekly volume of traffic
= Daily volume of traffic*DEF
= 32118.892*7.012m
= 225217.67 vehicle/week

49. Group no. 01 (cont)
 Average daily traffic, ADT
= Weekly volume of traffic/7
= 225217.67/7
= 32173.95 vehicle/day

50. Group no. 01 (cont)
 Annual average daily traffic
= ADT*1.395
= 32173.95*1.395
= 44882.66 vehicle/day

51. Number of Vehicle
(Flyover to Shatrasta)
Car,Jeep,
3
Motorcyc
Micro,Tax
Wheeler
le
i
Group
no.
Time
1
8:15-8:30
263
110
2
8:30-8:45
262
3
8:45-9:00
4
5
Total
Bus
NMT
Total
43
41
48
505
127
60
45
17
511
169
63
40
26
4
302
9:00-9:15
239
106
80
36
0
461
9:15-9:30
220
94
55
33
16
418
1153
500
278
181
85

52. Converted no. of Vehicle
(Flyover to Shatrasta)
Type of
vehicle
No. of
vehicle
PCE
Converted
no. of
vehicle or
PCU
Car,Jeep,Mic
ro,Taxi
3 Wheeler
Motorcycle
Bus
NMT
Total
1153
1
1153
500
278
181
85
0.5
0.1
3
0.5
250
27.8
543
42.5
2016.3
% PCU
57.18395
12.39895
1.378763
26.93052
2.107821
100

53. Vehicle Composition of Traffic Stream
(Flyover to Shatrasta)
2.11%
Car,Jeep,Micro,Taxi
26.93%
3 Wheeler
57.18%
1.38%
12.40%
Motorcycle
Bus
NMT

54. Number of Vehicle
(Shatrasta to Flyover)
Car,Jeep,
3
Motorcyc
Micro,Ta
Wheeler
le
xi
Group
no.
Time
6
8:15-8:30
314
125
7
8:30-8:45
341
8
8:45-9:00
9
10
Total
Bus
NMT
Total
110
24
7
580
111
88
35
40
615
282
132
74
25
0
513
9:00-9:15
341
142
62
48
0
593
9:15-9:30
314
105
61
32
0
512
1592
615
395
164
47

55. Converted no. of Vehicle
(Shatrasta to Flyover)
Type of
vehicle
No. of
vehicle
PCE
Converted
no. of
vehicle or
PCU
Car,Jeep,Mic
ro,Taxi
1592
1
1592
3 Wheeler
Motorcycle
Bus
NMT
Total
615
395
164
47
0.5
0.1
3
0.5
307.5
39.5
492
23.5
2454.5
% PCU
64.86046
12.52801
1.609289
20.04482
0.957425
100

56. Vehicle Composition of Traffic Stream
(Shatrasta to Flyover)
0.96%
20.04%
Car,Jeep,Micro,Taxi
1.61%
3 Wheeler
12.53%
Motorcycle
64.86%
Bus
NMT

57. Directional Distribution
Flyover to
Shatrasta
Group 01
Group 02
Group 03
Group 04
Group 05
Average
Directional
distribution
Service flow
rate
(PCU/hour)
1877.20
1900
1707
1632
1518
1726.84
46 %
Shatrasta to
Flyover
Group 06
Group 07
Group 08
Group 09
Group 10
Average
Directional
distribution
Service flow
rate
(PCU/hour)
1852
2121.20
1721.6
2392.8
1874.4
1992.32
54%

58. Service flow rate Histogram
(Flyover to Shatrasta)
2000
1877.2
1900
1707
1632
PCU/hour
1500
1518
1000
500
0
8:15-8:30
8:30-8:45
8:45-9:00
Time
9:00-9:15
9:15-9:30

59. Service flow rate Histogram
(Shatrasta to Flyover)
2392.8
2500
2121.2
PCU/hour
2000
1852
1874.4
1721.6
1500
1000
500
0
8:15-8:30
8:30-8:45
8:45-9:00
Time
9:00-9:15
9:15-9:30

60. Directional Distribution
46%
54%
Flyover to Statrasta
Statrasta to Flyover

61. Flow Fluctuation
Flyover to Statrasta
Time
Statrasta to Flyover
Group
ADT
% ADT
no.
(vehicle/day)
Group
ADT
% ADT
no.
(vehicle/day)
Average of
% ADT
8:15-8:30
1
32173.95
21.23
6
31742.04
18.59
19.91
8:30-8:45
2
32564.73
21.49
7
36355.95
21.29
21.39
8:45-9:00
3
29256.84
19.30
8
29507.07
17.28
18.29
9:00-9:15
4
27971.39
18.45
9
41010.99
24.02
21.23
9:15-9:30
5
29596.88
19.53
10
32125.96
18.82
19.18
151563.79
100
170742.01
100
Total

62. Flow Fluctuation Curve
25
% ADT
20
15
Flyover to Shatrasta
10
Shatrasta to Flyover
Average
5
0
8:15-8:30 8:30-8:45 8:45-9:00 9:00-9:15 9:15-9:30
Time

63. Recommendations
Only 26% of total vehicles were Buses.
Public transport should be increased and improved.

64. Recommendations
5% of total vehicles were Non-motorized vehicles.
A dedicated lane should be provided to facilitate nonmotorized vehicle.

65. Recommendations
39% of total vehicles were private cars. To reduce the number
of private cars two steps can be taken• Introducing TollsHOTCongestion pricing along some specific
urban roadways.
• Introducing parking permits and restricting parking space.

66. Recommendations
In order to pick up and drop off passengers, bus-lay-by
should be provided.

67. Operated manual counting without a single Hand
Counter.
No provision for cross check in the manual
method.
No vantage location from where video method
could be used to collect data.

68. Thank
You…….