RNA AND ITS TYPES EDUCATION MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

1. RNA&ITSTYPES
Mahnoor
MPhil Zoology
Molecular biology

2. Introduction
Biological molecules are divided into macromolecules
and micro molecules.
Macromolecules are large molecules formed by the
polymerization of small molecules called monomers.
For example,
Protein
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acid

4. Ribose nucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribose nucleic
acid(DNA) is the type of nucleic acids.
They are made-up of small molecules of nucleotides
containing ribose sugar, nitrogenous base and
phosphate group.
RNA is short form of ribonucleic acid
It is single stranded molecule's.
It has uracil instead of thymine.
Hydrogen bonding present in the RNA molecule.
Due to presences of phosphate group RNA is
negatively charged molecule.

6. Types of RNA
◦There are basically 3 types of RNA as
follow,
1.mRNA
2.tRNA
3.rRNA

7. mRNA
◦It is a single stranded RNA
◦provides the template for protein
synthesis.
◦ It carries the gene complementary to one
strand of the DNA.

9. tRNA
◦It is a small RNA molecule of about 80
nucleotides long.
◦ As the name suggests, the main function
of tRNA is to read the code on mRNA
template and transfer the specific amino
acid to the ribosome for protein synthesis

11. rRNA
◦ It plays a structural and catalytic role in the
protein synthesis.
◦ It forms the catalytic part of ribosomes.
◦ Eukaryotic ribosomes contain different types of
rRNA, which are 18S, 5.8S, 28S and 5S rRNA.
◦Other types of non-coding regulatory RNAs are
microRNA (miRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA),
Small interfering RNA (siRNA), etc.

13. Function of RNA
◦ nucleic acid functions as a structural molecule in cell organelle
◦ involved in the catalysis of biochemical reactions.
• Facilitate the translation of DNA into proteins
• Functions as an adapter molecule in protein synthesis
• Serves as a messenger between the DNA and the ribosomes.
• They are the carrier of genetic information in all living cells
• Promotes the ribosomes to choose the right amino acid which is
required in building up of new proteins in the body.