This document discusses the different types of RNA. It begins by introducing RNA and DNA as types of nucleic acids, which are macromolecules made of nucleotides. There are three main types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome during protein synthesis. tRNA transfers specific amino acids to the ribosome during this process. rRNA is a structural component of ribosomes and plays a catalytic role in protein synthesis. In addition to these three main types, there are also non-coding regulatory RNAs like miRNA. Overall, RNA plays important roles in protein synthesis, catalysis of biochemical reactions, and as a carrier of genetic information in cells.

1. RNA&ITSTYPES
Mahnoor
MPhil Zoology
Molecular biology

2. Introduction
Biological molecules are divided into macromolecules
and micro molecules.
Macromolecules are large molecules formed by the
polymerization of small molecules called monomers.
For example,
Protein
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acid

4. Ribose nucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribose nucleic
acid(DNA) is the type of nucleic acids.
They are made-up of small molecules of nucleotides
containing ribose sugar, nitrogenous base and
phosphate group.
RNA is short form of ribonucleic acid
It is single stranded molecule's.
It has uracil instead of thymine.
Hydrogen bonding present in the RNA molecule.
Due to presences of phosphate group RNA is
negatively charged molecule.

6. Types of RNA
◦There are basically 3 types of RNA as
follow,
1.mRNA
2.tRNA
3.rRNA

7. mRNA
◦It is a single stranded RNA
◦provides the template for protein
synthesis.
◦ It carries the gene complementary to one
strand of the DNA.

9. tRNA
◦It is a small RNA molecule of about 80
nucleotides long.
◦ As the name suggests, the main function
of tRNA is to read the code on mRNA
template and transfer the specific amino
acid to the ribosome for protein synthesis

11. rRNA
◦ It plays a structural and catalytic role in the
protein synthesis.
◦ It forms the catalytic part of ribosomes.
◦ Eukaryotic ribosomes contain different types of
rRNA, which are 18S, 5.8S, 28S and 5S rRNA.
◦Other types of non-coding regulatory RNAs are
microRNA (miRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA),
Small interfering RNA (siRNA), etc.

13. Function of RNA
◦ nucleic acid functions as a structural molecule in cell organelle
◦ involved in the catalysis of biochemical reactions.
• Facilitate the translation of DNA into proteins
• Functions as an adapter molecule in protein synthesis
• Serves as a messenger between the DNA and the ribosomes.
• They are the carrier of genetic information in all living cells
• Promotes the ribosomes to choose the right amino acid which is
required in building up of new proteins in the body.