We will be sharing about the importance of the blood in our body. Also, we will do some prophetic prayers to keep our circulatory system healthy and get rid of some conditions that could be affecting us at the present.
lymphatic system, a subsystem of the circulatory system in the vertebrate body that consists of a complex network of vessels, tissues, and organs. The lymphatic system helps maintain fluid balance in the body by collecting excess fluid and particulate matter from tissues and depositing them in the bloodstream
We will be sharing about the importance of the blood in our body. Also, we will do some prophetic prayers to keep our circulatory system healthy and get rid of some conditions that could be affecting us at the present.
lymphatic system, a subsystem of the circulatory system in the vertebrate body that consists of a complex network of vessels, tissues, and organs. The lymphatic system helps maintain fluid balance in the body by collecting excess fluid and particulate matter from tissues and depositing them in the bloodstream
Hey, these are the slides me n my friends made... Use them if u want to... for viewing the videos used click on the links given ahead.
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Anatomy and Physiology; Introduction to the human bodyJames H. Workman
A&P terminology introduced, a brief history of the study of anatomy, body systems, life processes, homeostasis, positive and negative feedback systems, directional terms and regions of the body terminology are introduced
The Human Blood Circulatory system
Humans and other vertebrates have a closed blood circulatory system:
This system consists of
the heart (pump),
series of blood vessels
the blood that flows through them.
This means that circulating blood is pumped through a system of vessels.
Functions of Human Blood Circulatory System
1. oxygen
2. carbon dioxide
3 nutrients
4. water
5. ions
6. hormones
7. antibodies
8. metabolic wastes
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
5. How do the heart valve’s work?
• The valves respond to pressure changes
during a cardiac cycle.
• Tricuspid
• Bicuspid
• Semi-lunar
• Systole
• Diastole
12. Abnormal EKG
Heart block – failure of
stimulation to ventricles
following contraction of atrial.
13. Another ways of measuring heartbeat
• The pulse..
• During systole, heart pumps blood into the
arteries.
• Produces a pressure in the blood vessels that
is felt as a pulse in the blood vessels close to
the skin.
18. CONTROL OF THE HEART BEAT
• At rest: normal heart rate, 50-100 beats per
minutes.
• During exercise: 200 beats/min
• The heart beat is initiated by the pacemaker, a
small group of specialized muscles cells at the
top of the right atrium.
23. Blood vessels
Function Structure of wall Width of lumen
ARTERIES Carry blood away from
the heart
Thick and strong,
containing muscles and
elastic tissue.
Relatively narrow, it
varies with heart beat, as
it can stretch and recoil.
CAPILLARIES supply all cells with their
requirements and take
away waste products.
Very thin, only one cell
thick.
Very narrow, just one cell
can pass through.
VEINS Return blood to the heart Quite thin, containing
less muscle and elastic
tissue.
Wide, contains valves
31. RED BLOOD CELLS
• Biconcave discs
• No nuclei
• Spongy cytoplasm enclosed in an elastic cell
membrane
• Red pigment called haemoglobin
• Are made by the red bone marrow of certain
bones in the skeleton: ribs, vertebrae and
breastbone
35. Haemoglobin (Hb)
• Hb + O₂ oxyhaemoglobin (OHb)
In places where the O₂ concentration is low, OHb breaks down
and releases its O₂. Where??
• Oxygenated blood : contains mainly OHb.
• Deoxygenated blood : with little OHb.
38. WHITE CELLS
• Different types
• Larger than red cells
• They have nuclei
• They are made in the same bone marrow that
red cells
• The two more numerous types are:
- Phagocytes
- Lymphocytes
41. White blood cells: Phagocytes
• They collect at the site of an infection,
engulfing (ingesting) and digesting harmful
bacteria. They prevent the spread of infection
through the body.
45. PLASMA
• Ions: sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride,
hydrogen carbonate.
• Proteins: fibrinogen (clotting), albumin and
globulins (antibodies).
• Food substances: aa, glucose and fats.
• Hormones
• Urea
46.
47. Functions of the blood
• Homeostatic functions
• Transport
• Defence against infections
- Clotting
- White cells
48. Functions of blood: Transport
Substance From To
Oxygen Lungs Whole body
Carbon dioxide Whole body lungs
Urea liver kidneys
Hormones glands Target organs
Digested food intestine Whole body
Heat (opening and closing of
blood vessels)
Abdomen and muscle Whole body
49. Blood functions: DEFENCE AGAINST
INFECTIONS
• WHITE CELLS:
- Phagocytes: - at the sites of a wound
- in the blood capillaries
- in lymph nodes
ingest harmful bacteria and stop them entering the
general circulation
- Lymphocytes: Production of antibodies
• CLOTTING
50. CLOTTING
• When tissue is damaged and blood vessels cut
• Platelets clump together and block the smaller capillaries.
• Fibrinogen fibrin (network of fibres across
the wound)
• Red cells become trapped in this network and form a blood
clot.
↓ entry of harmful bacteria
prevents
further loss of blood
53. Materials are exchanged between blood and
tissues at the capillaries: tissue fluid is formed
• TISSUE FLUID:
- is formed when blood plasma is squeezed out of
the capillaries.
- contains no blood cells or plasma proteins.
- is returned to the blood.
56. Lymphatic system
• Thin-walled vessels called lymphatics.
• They empty their contents into the blood system.
• The fluid is called lymph.
• Most of the lymph flow results from the vessels being
compressed when the body muscles contract in movements
such as walking or breathing.
• There are valves, which force the fluid in one direction:
towards the heart.
• Lymph nodes: storage of lymphocytes. There are also
phagocytes.
• Lymphatic organs: Spleen and thymus
58. SPLEEN: functions
• Remove worn-out red cells, bacteria and cell
fragments from the blood.
• Produce lymphocytes and antibodies.
59. THYMUS: functions
• Particularly important lymphoid organ in the newborn:
- controls the development of the spleen and the
lymph nodes.
- produces lymphocytes (immunity)
• After puberty , important immunological organ, although it
becomes smaller.
- storage of white cells
- production of a large population of lymphocytes T.
