This document provides an overview of circulation and the circulatory system. It describes the composition of blood including plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It explains the functions of blood such as transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, and protection via clotting and immune cells. Key components of the circulatory system are also summarized like the heart, blood vessels, valves, and double circulation.

1. Circulation
I10
-By Akansha Nikam

2. Things covered -
 Circulatory fluids
 Uska composition [what is it made up of]
 Aur function

3. Some concepts

4. Need for transport in our body

5. Body fluids

7. Non circulating fluid

8. Properties of blood
 Never stationary
 Colour – bright red when oxygenated ,dark red deoxygenated
 Volume-5 to 6 litres by volume in human body
 Taste –saltish –alkaline Ph 7.3 to 7.45

9. Function of blood
 Transport
 Protection

10. Transport by blood
 Transport of digested food
 Alimentary canal tissues[ simple sugars –glucose amino acids vitamins minerals salts etc]
 Transport of oxygen
 Lungs tissues [RBCs + haemoglobin = oxyhaemoglobin]

11. Transport by blood
 Transport of carbon dioxide
 Tissues lungs [combination of haemoglobin and blood plasma]

12. Transport by blood
 Transport of excretory material –
 tissues liver , kidney or skin or to render them harmless
 Distribution of hormones
 Endocrine blood
 Distribution of heat
 Blood helps in keeping the temp uniform by distributing heat.

13. Protection by blood
 Clotting of blood
 WBC –engulfing bacteria
 Anti-toxins and antibodies

14. Composition of blood

15. Plasma-
 Light yellow alkaline fluid

17. RBCs-oxygen carrier

18. Haemoglobin

19. Life and death
 Production of RBC
 Embryo-liver and spleen
 Children (age 5)-bone marrow of all bones
 Adults-marrow of long bones (ribs,breast bone,ilium of hip girdle)
 Mature RBCs have no nuclei
 Average life span 120 days
 Destroyed in spleen liver and bone marrow ,iron part retained in liver rest excreted
as bile pigment

21. White blood cells

22. Types of white blood cells

24. Function of leukocytes
 Phagocytosis (neutrophils )
 Inflammation (monocytes and neutrophils )
 Pus-dead wbcs with tissue cells destroyed by bacteria
 Formation of antibodies (lymphocytes)

25. Origin and life of WBCs
 Produced-bone marrow, lymph nodes liver spleen
 Average life span-2 weeks
 Worn out WBCs destroyed the same as RBCs
 Leukemia-cancer
 Leukopenia-abnormal decrease in WBCs

26. Blood platelets

27. Details
 Non nucleated
 Roundoval structure
 Life span 3-5 days
 Destroyed in spleen
 Main function clotting of blood

28. Blood clotting(coagulation)

29. Clotting in a test tube

30. Blood grouping
 Blood transfusion
 Donor
 Recipient
 Antigens(proteins on RBC surface) A and B
 Complementary antibodies in blood plasma

31. ABO system

32. Rh system

33. Rh factor in pregnancy

34. Blood circulatory system

35. Location

36. Covering

37. Chambers of the heart

38. Blood vessels of the heart

39. Coronary arteries and veins

40. Valves of the heart

42. Heartbeat

43. Sound-lubb dup

44. Smaller the size faster the heart rate

45. Pacemaker

46. Blood vessels

48. Difference between

49. Function of capillaries

50. Double circulation

51. Hepatic portal system

52. BLOOD VESSELS OF THE HEART , LIVER
AND KIDNEY

53. THE PULSE

54. BLOOD PRESSURE

55. TISSUE FLUID

56. LYMPH

57. composition of lymph

58. FUNCTIONS

59. LYMPH ORGANS

60. THE SPLEEN