Rifled weapon injuries
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This document discusses firearm injuries and their classification. It describes the parts of a firearm including the cartridge, barrel, and bolt. It explains entry and exit wounds and how their appearance depends on the firing range - contact, close, near, or distant. Entry wounds are smaller with burning/tattooing while exit wounds are larger without those signs. Medico-legal aspects include determining the firearm type, firing range/direction, and cause/manner of death.
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Firearm Injuries
This document discusses firearm injuries and terminology related to forensic medicine. It describes different types of firearms including shotguns and rifled weapons. Shotguns fire multiple pellets while rifled weapons fire a single projectile. The document details the mechanisms of injury from firearms, characteristics of entrance and exit wounds, factors to consider when determining if a firearm injury was from accident, suicide or homicide, and the duties of doctors in cases of firearm injuries and deaths.
Firearm injuries
This document discusses firearm injuries and terminology related to forensic medicine. It describes different types of firearms including shotguns and rifled weapons like pistols, revolvers, and rifles. Shotguns fire multiple pellets while rifled weapons fire single projectiles with grooved barrels. The document details entrance and exit wound characteristics for different firearm ranges from contact wounds to long range injuries. It also discusses factors that can indicate accidents, suicides, or homicides based on wound location and patterns. Doctors have a duty to preserve any foreign materials from wounds and skin samples for potential forensic testing.
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Mechanical injuries are caused by physical violence or trauma to the body. They can be blunt force injuries, which cause abrasions, bruises, and lacerations, or sharp force injuries, which cause incised wounds, stab wounds, and chop wounds. Abrasions are superficial injuries involving only the outer layers of skin. Bruises are hemorrhages under the skin caused by blunt force trauma without skin breach. Both abrasions and bruises have forensic significance in determining the cause, manner, weapon, and timing of injuries. Their appearance can provide clues to investigations.
Mechanical injury 1
The document discusses mechanical injuries and traumatology. It defines important terms like trauma, injury, wounds, and classifications of injuries based on the weapon used, mechanics of infliction, and time of infliction. It also covers the mechanism of wound production, factors affecting wound appearance, and methods of determining the timing of wounds including naked eye appearance, histological timing by examining wound healing stages, histochemical timing by studying enzyme activity, and biochemical timing by measuring substances like histamine and serotonin.
MECHANICAL INJURIES
This document discusses mechanical injuries, including abrasions, contusions, lacerations, and other types of wounds. It provides details on the characteristics and features of each type of injury, as well as factors that influence the nature and extent of wounds. Mechanical injuries are caused by physical forces that result in tissue damage. The summary examines the key types of mechanical injuries and their forensic significance in determining cause and manner of injuries.
Regional injury
Head injuries can occur from traffic accidents, assaults, or falls. They range from simple injuries with no brain involvement to serious injuries affecting the brain. Key types include closed head injuries where the dura remains intact and open head injuries where it is lacerated. Injuries can involve the scalp, skull, or brain. Scalp injuries include bruising, lacerations, and infections. Skull fractures vary in severity from hairline fractures to depressed fractures. Brain injuries include concussions, contusions, lacerations, and hemorrhages like epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, or intracerebral hemorrhages. Coup injuries occur under the impact site while contre coup injuries are on
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Firearm Injuries
This document discusses firearm injuries and terminology related to forensic medicine. It describes different types of firearms including shotguns and rifled weapons. Shotguns fire multiple pellets while rifled weapons fire a single projectile. The document details the mechanisms of injury from firearms, characteristics of entrance and exit wounds, factors to consider when determining if a firearm injury was from accident, suicide or homicide, and the duties of doctors in cases of firearm injuries and deaths.
Firearm injuries
This document discusses firearm injuries and terminology related to forensic medicine. It describes different types of firearms including shotguns and rifled weapons like pistols, revolvers, and rifles. Shotguns fire multiple pellets while rifled weapons fire single projectiles with grooved barrels. The document details entrance and exit wound characteristics for different firearm ranges from contact wounds to long range injuries. It also discusses factors that can indicate accidents, suicides, or homicides based on wound location and patterns. Doctors have a duty to preserve any foreign materials from wounds and skin samples for potential forensic testing.
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This document discusses mechanical injuries, including abrasions, contusions, lacerations, and other types of wounds. It provides details on the characteristics and features of each type of injury, as well as factors that influence the nature and extent of wounds. Mechanical injuries are caused by physical forces that result in tissue damage. The summary examines the key types of mechanical injuries and their forensic significance in determining cause and manner of injuries.
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The document discusses various types of mechanical injuries including abrasions, contusions, lacerations, incised wounds, stab wounds, and firearm injuries.
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This document summarizes key information about gunshot wounds, including:
1. Gunshots can produce entry and exit wounds. Entry wounds show characteristics from gases, flames, and particles exiting the muzzle, while exit wounds lack these features.
2. The appearance of entry wounds depends on factors like weapon type, ammunition, striking velocity, and distance from the muzzle. Close-range shots exhibit burning, tattooing, and other effects not seen at longer ranges.
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1. A firearm discharges a missile using expanding gases from combustion in a closed space. It consists of a barrel, action, and grip.
2. Rifling imparts spin to bullets for stability and accuracy. Rifled weapons include handguns like pistols and revolvers, as well as rifles. Shotguns have smooth bores.
3. Cartridges contain propellant, primer, casing, and a bullet or shots. Propellant burns to produce gases that accelerate the projectile down the barrel.
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This document discusses firearm injuries and ballistics. It defines key terms like firearms, ammunition, cartridges, and ballistics. It describes the parts of firearms like barrels and breech parts. It explains characteristics of different types of firearms like smooth bored guns, rifled guns, revolvers, pistols, and shotguns. It also discusses cartridges, gunpowders, primers, and projectiles. Finally, it describes characteristics of injuries caused by different firearms and their medico-legal aspects.
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This document discusses wound ballistics of rifled firearms. It begins by introducing forensic ballistics and the different types: internal, external, and terminal ballistics. It then discusses wound ballistics, focusing on the mechanism of injury when a projectile strikes a living target. Key factors that influence the transfer of kinetic energy are explored. Different types of gunshot wounds are defined, including penetrating, perforating, and wounds that are both penetrating and perforating. Cavitation effects and characteristics of entry and exit wounds are also summarized.
Firearm injuries
Firearms can cause injuries through their components. A firearm discharges a projectile such as a bullet or pellets. The components that produce injury are the gun flame, smoke, unburnt gunpowder particles, cards, and wads. The speed and shape of the projectile along with the density and vitality of the target also influence the extent of injuries. Gunshot wounds vary based on the distance between the firearm and target, ranging from contact wounds with scorching and tattooing to distant wounds without these effects. Exit wounds are generally larger than entry wounds and have everted edges.
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Firearm injuries can be analyzed based on wound characteristics to determine details like the type of firearm, firing range, and manner of injury. Entry wounds are usually smaller and have inverted edges while exit wounds are larger with everted edges. Tattooing and soot deposition can indicate a close firing range. The presence of an abrasion collar or lead residue in wounds and on the hand helps determine if the person recently fired a gun. Analyzing the bullet, wound ballistics, and performing dermal nitrate tests on the hand are important for the medico-legal investigation of firearm-related deaths.
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The document discusses cartridges and their components. A cartridge contains a bullet, propellant, and primer packaged in a metallic case. It summarizes that a cartridge has four main parts: the cartridge case, propellant, projectile, and sometimes wads. The cartridge case contains the primer and holds the contents. Propellant, usually smokeless powder, propels the projectile. Projectiles can be single bullets or multiple pellets/shots. When the trigger is pulled, the firing pin strikes the primer, igniting the propellant and forcing the projectile out of the barrel with substantial velocity.
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Firearms can be classified as either smooth-bore or rifled-bore weapons. Smooth-bore weapons like shotguns fire multiple projectiles at once, while rifled weapons like pistols and rifles fire a single bullet. Entry wounds vary based on the firearm caliber and distance, from contact wounds with scorching and blackening at close range to split entry holes at a more distant range. Exit wounds show a torn hole dependent on the bullet's momentum and any bone fragments carried with it, and the entry wound may be larger than the exit wound at close range. Forensic analysis of gunshot wounds can help reconstruct shooting incidents and determine factors like self-infliction, range, direction, and whether a particular weapon
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This document discusses various types of artefacts that may be observed during a post-mortem examination and could be misinterpreted. It defines an artefact as something not naturally present but introduced after death. Artefacts are classified as: 1) due to resuscitation measures 2) occurring between death and autopsy 3) due to pre-mortem injuries or lesions 4) developing during the autopsy. Examples of artefacts from resuscitation include rib fractures from CPR and laryngeal injuries from intubation. Artefacts between death and autopsy include regurgitation, hypostasis, and embalming changes. Differentiating post-mortem from ante-mortem injuries is also discussed.
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Mechanical injuries caused by sharp cutting weapons like knives can be classified as incised wounds, chop wounds, or stab wounds based on the action used. Incised wounds are caused when an object is drawn across the skin, producing a clean cut. Chop wounds result from a heavy blunt force weapon and are typically deep and gaping. Stab wounds occur when a narrow pointed object is thrust into the body, leaving a small, puncture-like entry wound. The shape, size, depth, and direction of the wound can provide clues to the weapon used and the events that caused the injury. Careful examination of wounds and potential weapons is important for medicolegal investigations.
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This document discusses different types of injuries from a forensic science perspective. It defines medical and legal definitions of injuries. It then discusses classifications of injuries according to causative factors like abrasions, bruises, and lacerations. It describes features of abrasions and bruises, and how their appearance changes over time. It covers distinguishing ante-mortem and post-mortem abrasions. The medicolegal importance of patterned injuries in connecting victims to weapons or objects is also summarized.
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This document provides information on firearm injuries and related topics. It defines firearms and describes their classification based on bore. It also defines key related terms like bullets, pellets, rifling, choking, primers, gunpowder and their importance. The document discusses characteristics of gunshot wounds, differences between entry and exit wounds, and differences between suicidal and homicidal gunshot wounds. It also describes test procedures like dermal nitrate test and special bullet types.
Firearm injuries - Forensic Aspects
At the end of the session, you will be able to:
Define forensic ballistics and firearms
Understand different types of firearms and ammunition
Differentiate features of entry and exit wounds in firearms
Enlist Medico-legal aspects
Exhumation
Exhumation involves legally digging up a buried body and can be done for several reasons: to identify the body, determine the cause of death if foul play is suspected, or recover evidence buried with the body. The exhumation process is supervised by a magistrate and doctor and involves carefully excavating the grave and examining the remains for marks, injuries, or samples that can aid in the investigation. Identification is attempted even if the body has decomposed, and samples are collected and preserved as necessary for analysis to determine factors like poisoning or the cause of death.
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1. Mechanical injuries caused by physical violence include abrasions, bruises, and wounds. Abrasions involve loss of the superficial skin layer and can be classified as scratches, grazes, or imprint abrasions depending on the causative object.
2. Bruises are areas of discoloration caused by collection of blood in sub-epidermal layers due to rupture of small blood vessels. They can be classified as petechial, ecchymotic, or contusive depending on size.
3. Both abrasions and bruises have forensic significance as they can indicate the nature of the offending object, purpose and time of injury. Careful examination is required to differentiate them from post-
Antemortem and Postmortem Wounds.pptx
This document provides information about ante mortem and post mortem wounds. It begins with defining key terms like wounds, ante mortem, and post mortem. The document then discusses the significance of distinguishing between ante mortem and post mortem wounds for identification purposes, determining cause of death, and the type of weapon used. It outlines the key differences between ante mortem wounds, which occur before death and show bleeding and blood clotting, and post mortem wounds, which occur after death and show lividity and lack of clotting. References are provided for additional information.
Types of Bullet
Bullets come in a variety of shapes, constructions, and materials depending on their intended application. They can be categorized based on their manufacturing process or shape. In terms of manufacturing, bullets include unjacketted bullets made of hardened lead, jacketed bullets with a metallic jacket enclosing a lead core, wire-patched bullets with a copper wire envelope, and paper-patched bullets formerly made with paper jackets. They also include armor-piercing, tracer, and incendiary bullets. Bullets are further distinguished by their shape, such as hollow-point, sharp nose, round nose, boat-tailed, and split-nose bullets. The type of bullet chosen depends on the gun used and its intended range.
Fire arm injury 3
This document summarizes key information about gunshot wounds, including:
1. Gunshots can produce entry and exit wounds. Entry wounds show characteristics from gases, flames, and particles exiting the muzzle, while exit wounds lack these features.
2. The appearance of entry wounds depends on factors like weapon type, ammunition, striking velocity, and distance from the muzzle. Close-range shots exhibit burning, tattooing, and other effects not seen at longer ranges.
3. Rifle and shotgun wounds present differently. Rifles produce single entry holes while shotguns can cause a "rat-hole" wound from multiple pellets merging at close range.
4. Exit wounds are often larger, more
Mechanical injuries
This document discusses factors that determine the appearance of mechanical injuries, including the type of weapon, how force is applied, the tissue properties, and movement. Weapon shape directly influences wound shape. Direct force causes impact injuries at the site, while indirect force causes injuries away from the impact. Tissue resistance and architecture also impact wound appearance. Proper analysis of these factors can provide clues about the causative agent.
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Rifled weapon injuries
- 1. INJURIES NUR AINA BINTI AB KADIR
- 2. CONTENT Classification Parts of firearm Cartridge= case+ detonator + propellant + projectile Rifled firearm injury Entry and exit wound Medicolegal importances
- 6. CARTRIDGES
- 7. Case: alloy of copper and zinc Cylindrical One end of the case is closed with a plate of brass BASE Other end: open Keep the content in place Provides a water proof coverprotection Rimmed revolver Grooved pistol, automatic
- 8. DETONATOR Primer Ingredients: stored in a small compartment attached to the base of the cartridge case(percussion cap) Location centre fire and rim fire PROPELLANT(GUN POWDER) Smokeless powder: nitrocellulose alone(single base), combined with niroglycerine(double base)
- 9. PROJECTILE Bullets Held in the cartridge case by a groove cannelure Made of lead with a coating of cupro-nickel alloy Conical in shape Tip of bulletnose, different shape Different sizes
- 10. BARREL Interior of the barrel is scored by a number of parallel, spirally twisted grooves rifling Bullet is squeezed between the lands spin/ rotation to the projectile by which it acquires a gyroscopic steadiness prevent wobbling
- 11. BOLT Block, situated towards the breech end of the barrel Can be opened manually/automatically to insert the cartridge Automatic: magazine- continuous Semi-automatic: 1 cartridge at a time is released Non-automatic: spent cartridge has to be extracted manually
- 12. ENTRY WOUND Range: distance between the muzzle end of the firearm and the target Contact: muzzle end-body Close: distance travelled by flame Near: unburnt/partially burnt gunpowder Distant: beyond range of flame,smoke,gunpowder particles
- 13. Abrasion collar: 0.3cm, outer zone Grease collar: 0.7cm, inner zone Contusion collar Burning (scorching/singeing) of skin/hair result from flame that emerges from the muzzle,at the time of firing Tattooing(peppering/stippling): grains of gunpowder being driven into the skin Blackening/smudging: superficial deposit of smoke on the skin Lead ring/metal ring
- 14. CONTACT SHOT/POINT BLANK Dense area(cranial vault): large,cruciate (cruciform, stellate, star shaped) Thin bone, chest, abdomen: circular, surrounded by abrasion/contusion collar Imprint of the muzzle on the skin Burning, smudging, tattooing are slight/absent Tissue cherry red colour(carbon monoxide) Surrounding hair: singed
- 15. CLOSE SHOT Within the range of flame and powder blast, not direct contact with the skin/cothing Flame travels: 7.5cm(revolver/pistol), 15cm(rifle) Wound: circular hole surrounded by scorching, singeing, smudging (ABSENT=clothing) Abrasion collar, grease collar, tattooing are present
- 16. NEAR SHOT Outside the range of flame, within the range of powder blast Wound: circular/oval shape Unburnt powder grains & small metallic particles: - 60cm: revolver,pistol 75cm: rifle Absent: singeing Smudging: 30cm Present: grease and abrasion collar
- 17. DISTANT SHOT Outside the range of flame and powder blast Wound: circular & inverted margins Scorching, tattooing, smudging: absent Grease and abrasion collar: present
- 18. EXIT WOUND Larger than entry Absent of scorching, blackening, tattooing, abrasion and grease collar Edges: everted Head: inward bevelling of the skull at the entry, outward bevelling at the exit wound
- 19. DIFFERENCES CHARACTERISTICS ENTRY WOUND EXIT WOUND SIZE Smaller than diameter of the bullet Larger EDGES Inverted Everted ABRASION&GREASE COLLAR Present Absent BURNING,BLACKENING, TATTOOING May be present Absent BLEEDING Less More FAT EXTRUSION Absent May be present CHERRY RED May be present Absent LEAD RING May be present Absent
- 20. MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS OF FIREARM INJURIES Nature of firearm Range of firing Direction of fire Site of firing Cause of death Manner of death
- 21. QUESTION
- 22. REFERENCES Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology,by VV Pillay15th edition, page 192- 209.
Editor's Notes
- BARREL GROOVED INTERNALLY: RIFLED