This document discusses bloodstain pattern analysis, which can provide insights into violent crimes. Key information that can be uncovered includes the direction blood originated from, the angle at which it struck surfaces, locations of victims and suspects, and their movements. Different types of patterns include impact spatter, cast-off, arterial spray, flows, pools, and trails. Proper documentation of bloodstain evidence through photography is important for interpretation and crime reconstruction.
It is the interpretation of bloodstains at a crime scene in order to recreate the actions that caused the bloodshed. Analysts examine the size, shape, distribution and location of the bloodstains to form opinions about what did or did not happen.
It is the interpretation of bloodstains at a crime scene in order to recreate the actions that caused the bloodshed. Analysts examine the size, shape, distribution and location of the bloodstains to form opinions about what did or did not happen.
Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is the examination of the shapes, locations, and distribution patterns of bloodstains, in order to provide an interpretation of the physical events which gave rise to their origin.
Blood spatters according to some scientific principles. This enables trained analysts to carry out a forensic study on a crime scene and draw valid conclusions.
Analysts examine the size, shape, distribution and location of the bloodstains to form opinions not just about what happened but also what could not have happened at the crime scene.
FSB05
b l o o d s patt e r
Properties of blood
Teacher Background Information
Blood is considered to be a fu
with no fxed shape and is su
pressure. A fuid can be either
liquid is a fuid that has a fxed
fuid that can expand indefni
Viscosity
Viscosity is defned as a fuid’s
more viscous a substance is, th
fow. The SI unit for viscosity is
viscosity is compared to water
one. Blood is thicker than wate
due to the cellular component
viscosity of some common su
id. A fuid is a substance
bject to external
a liquid or a gas. A
volume while a gas is a
tely.
resistance to fow. The
e more slowly it will
the Pascal second. Fluid
that has a viscosity of
r and is viscous primarily
(see FSB04). The
bstances, including blood:
Liquid Viscosity (mP·s-1)
Milk (25oC) 3
Blood (37 oC) 3-4
Glycerin (20 oC) �420
Mercury (�5 oC) �.55
Water (20 oC) �.0
Water (�00 oC) 0.28
http://hypertextbook.com/physics/matter/viscosity/
Surface tension
Surface tension is the force that pulls the surface
molecules towards the interior of a liquid, decreasing
the surface area and causing the liquid to resist
penetration or separation.
Surface tension is the tendency of the surface of a
liquid to contract to the smallest area possible. The
fuid is able to do this as the cohesive forces are
stronger on the surface of liquids as there are no
neighbouring molecules above. As a result there are
stronger attractive forces between molecules and their
nearest neighbours on the surface; the surface tension
force actually exerts an upward force. Surface tension is
like having an elastic flm over the surface.
Figure �: A water strider standing on water.
Citation: Water strider: David Cappaert, www.insectimages.org
In Figure �, the surface tension of the water allows the
water strider to walk on the water without sinking.
This is because the upward force from surface tension
balances the insect’s weight.
Defnition of surface tension: the surface tension γ is
the magnitude F of the force exerted parallel to the
surface of a liquid divided by the length L of the line
over which the force acts:
γ = F _
L
Surface tension is measured in force per unit length:
newtons per metre: (N·m-�). The old unit is dynes per cm.
The surface tension of some common liquids:
Liquid Surface tension N·m-�
Benzene (20oC) 0.029
Blood (37 oC) 0.058
Glycerin (20 oC) 0.063
Mercury (20 oC) 0.47
Water (20 oC) 0.073
Water (�00 oC) 0.059
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com:8100/legacy/college/
cutnell/0471713988/ste/ste.pdf
�
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com:8100/legacy/college
http:www.insectimages.org
http://hypertextbook.com/physics/matter/viscosity
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com:8100/legacy/college
http:www.insectimages.org
http://hypertextbook.com/physics/matter/viscos ...
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