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Rickettsia
- 1. RICKETTSIA PRESENTED BY:- OMMANISH WAKADE (39)
- 2. /rɪˈkɛtsɪə/ PRESENTED BY:- OMMANISH WAKADE (39)
- 3. Ruh. Ket. See.Uh PRESENTED BY:- OM MANISH WAKADE (39)
- 4. CONTENT Introduction History Life Cycle Classification Structure & Antigenic Type Pathogenesis Infection Disease Cause By Rickettsia Vectors Diagnosis Control Cultivation Recent research
- 5. INTRODUCTION Domain: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Alphaproteobacteria Order: Rickettsiales Family: Rickettsiaceae Genus: Scientific name: Rickettsia Rickettsia is a genus of non motile, Gram Negative, non spore forming bacteria that may occur in the form of Cocci (0.1um diameter), Bacilli (1-4 um long) or Threads( about 10 um long). The term RICKETTSIA is not related to rickets ( which is deficiency disease resulting from lack of vitamin D). Bacteria belongs to which kingdom? CHEMO-ORGANOTROPIC HETEROTROPS
- 6. HISTORY Rocky Mountainspotted fever (RMSF) first emerged in the Idaho Valley in 1896. At that time, not much information was known about the disease; it was originally called Black Measles because patients had a characteristic spotted rash appearance throughout their body. The first clinical description of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever was reported in 1899 by Edward E. Maxey.
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- 9. STRUCTURE & ANTIGENICTYPE Rickettsia species are small, Gram-negative bacilli that are obligate intracellular parasites of eukaryotic cells. This genus consists of two antigenically defined groups: 1. Spotted fever group; & 2. Typhus group, Which are related; scrub typhus rickettsiae differ in lacking lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and a slime layer, and belong in the separate, although related, genus Orientia. What is obligate intracellular parasites?
- 10. PATHOGENESIS Rickettsia andOrientia species are transmitted by the bite of infected ticks or mites or by the feces of infected lice or fleas. From the portal of entry in the skin, rickettsiae spread via the bloodstream to infect the endothelium and sometimes the vascular smooth muscle cells. Rickettsia species enter their target cells, multiply by binary fission in the cytosol, and damage heavily parasitized cells directly.
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- 12. DISEASES CAUSE BYRICKETTSIA Disease Organism Vector Reservoir Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever R. Rickettsii Tick Tick, Wild Rodents Scrub Typhus R. Tsutsugamushi Chiggers (Larval Mite) Mites, Wild Rodents Epidemic Typhus R. Prowazekii Louse Humans, Squirrel flea, Flying Squirrels Murine Typhus R. Thphi Flea Wild Rodents
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- 15. DIAGNOSIS Rickettsia aredifficult to diagnose both clinically and in the laboratory. Steps for diagnosis :- recognize common epidemiologic situations and clinical manifestations of TBRD; obtain appropriate history and diagnostic tests for TBRD; develop a differential diagnosis that includes and ranks TBRD; make treatment decisions based on epidemiologic and clinical evidence; recognize that doxycycline is the treatment of choice for both adults and children;
- 16. DIAGNOSIS recognize thatearly and empiric antibiotic therapy can prevent severe morbidity or death; identify the availability, limitations, and utility of confirmatory laboratory assays; recognize potential severe manifestations of TBRD; and report suspected and confirmed cases to appropriate public health authorities to assist with control measures and public health education efforts.
- 17. CONTROL Rickettsia speciesare susceptible to the broad-spectrum antibiotics, doxycycline, tetracycline,and chloramphenicol. Prevention of exposure to infected arthropods offers some protection. A vaccine exists for epidemic typhus but is not readily available.
- 18. CULTIVATION Initially theculture is obtain from the vector and is develop in special medium i.e. Leptospira medium. After a minute yellowish gray, semitransparent, shining, oval or round like appearance will obtain. Then slightly raised the colonies near the condensation water. After several days the colonies shows a tendency to coalesce.
- 19. CULTIVATION As thecondensation water is slightly turbid and contains a grayish deposit, rather then sticky sediment. The old strains grow well on broth which shows slight milky appearance. Tip:- No growth is obtained under anaerobic conditions.
- 20. RECENT RESEARCH Howenvironmental factors affects pathogenic bacteria spread by ticks. Findings new way to identify non-antibiotic drugs. Antioxidants may protect against Rocky Mountain spotted fever and other tick borne illness.
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