Rhinitis is an inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa characterized by nasal obstruction, hyperirritability, and hypersecretion. There are several types including allergic, non-allergic, infectious, and miscellaneous. Non-allergic rhinitis includes conditions like vasomotor rhinitis, rhinitis medicamentosa, occupational rhinitis, and rhinitis during pregnancy. Treatment depends on the type but may include avoidance of irritants, saline irrigation, topical steroids, decongestants, surgery, or a combination.

1. RHINITIS
Dr Gangaprasad Waghmare
MS

2. INFLAMMATORY CONDITION
THAT AFFECT THE NASAL
MUCOSA.
• NASAL OBSTRUCTION
• HYPER IRRITABILITY
• HYPER SECRETION

3. TYPES OF RHINITIS
 ALLERGIC RHINITIS
 NON-ALLERGIC RHINITIS, NON-
INFECTIOUS
 INFECTIOUS RHINITIS
 MISCELLANEOUS

4. TYPES
 SEASONAL
 PERENNIAL
 VIRAL
 BACTERIAL
ALLERGIC RHINITIS INFECTIOUS RHINITIS

5. NON-ALLERGIC , NON-INFECTIOUS
 NON-ALLERGIC
RHINITIS WITH
EOSINOPHILIA
 NASAL POLYPOSIS
 VASOMOTOR RHINITIS
 RHINITIS
MEDICAMENTOSA
 OCCUPATIONAL
RHINITIS
 RHINITIS SICCA
 RHINITIS DURING
PREGNANCY
EOSINOPHILIC
SYNDROME
NON-EOSINOPHILIC
SYNDROME

6. MISCELLANEOUS-
• GRANULOMATOUS RHINITIS
• ATROPHIC RHINITIS

7. ACUTE NON SPECIFIC RHINITIS-
COMMON COLD
 CONTAGIOUS VIRAL INFECTION OF URT
SYSTEM

8. ETIOLOGY
 POOR RESISTANT
 EXPOSURE TO COLD
 POOR NUTRITION
 CHRONIC NASAL SEPSIS
 NASAL OBSTRUCTION

9. CAUSATIVE AGENT
 INFLUENZA VIRUSES
 PICORNA VIRUSES
 PARA-INFLUENZA VIRUSES
 ADENOVIRUS

10. MODE OF TRANSMISSION-
• AIR BORNE ‘DROPLET ‘ INFECTION
• CONTACT
INCUBATION PERIOD- 1 TO 3 DAYS

11. PATHOLOGY
 VASOCONSTRICTION
DRY NASAL MUCOSA
REVERSE VASODILATATION
MUCOSAL EDEMA OBSTRUCTION &
RHINORRHEA

12. CLINICAL FEATURES
 DRYNESS
 ITCHING
 FEVER
 BODYACHE
 INCREASED
MUCOCILLARY
ACTION
 DRY COUGH
 THICK VISCID
MUCOUS BLANKET
 VANOUS STASIS &
BACTERIAL
INVASION
PRODROMAL/ISCHEMIC
STAGE
REACTIVE/VASODILATATIO
N STAGE

13. TREATMENT
 BED REST
 WARM VENTILLATED ROOM
 DECONGESTANT
 ANTI-PYRETICS
 ANALGESICS
 SYSTEMIC ANTIBIOTIC

14.  OCCUPATIONAL RHINITIS-
 INDOOR & OUTDOOR POLLUTANT
 WORK ENVIRONMENT
SYMPTOMS-
 NASAL DRYNESS
 REDUCED AIRFLOW
 RHINORRHEA
 SNEEZING

15. MANAGEMENT-
• LIMITING EXPOSURE
• REMOVING CAUSATIVE AGENT
• AVOIDANCE
• IMPROVE VENTILLATION
• RESPIRATOR MASKS

16.  VASOMOTOR RHINITIS
 ABNORMAL AUTONOMIC REGULATION OF
NASAL FUCTION LEADS TO VASOMOTOR
RHINITIS
SYMPTOMS-
 OBSTRUCTION
 NASAL DRAINAGE
 HYPERTROPHIED INFERIOR TURBINATE

17. ETIOLOGY-
• YOUNGER AGE GROUP
• HEREDITARY
• INFECTIOUS
• PSYCHOLOGICAL
• ENDOCRINE
• B-BLOCKER DRUGS

18. PRECIPATING FACTOR-
• ATMOSHERIC CHANGES
• STRESS
• REFLEX
• EXPOSURE TO ODOUR
• CHEMICALS
• ALCOHOL

19. CLINICAL FEATURES
 EPISODIC NASAL OBSTRUCTION
 WATERY RHINORRHEA
 CONGESTION OF NASAL MUCOSA
 HYPERTROPHIED NASAL TURBINATE
 GROSSALY HYPERTROPHIED INFERIOR
TURBINATE(MULBERRY APPEARANCE)

20.  RHINITIS MEDICAMENTOSA
 OVER USE OF NASAL DECONGESTANT
 EXCESSIVE USE CAUSES REVERSE
 VASODILATION
 LEADS TO TURBINATE HYPERTROPHY
 MUCOSAL CONGESTION

21. MANAGEMENT-
• CESSATION OF DECONGESTANT
• REPLACED BY NASAL OR SYSTEMIC
STEROID
• INFERIOR TURBINECTOMY

22.  RHINITIS DURING PREGNANCY-
2nd & 3rd
TRIMESTER
• ESTROGEN
HYALURONIC
ACID
INCREASE
MUCOUS
GLANDS &
DECREASE
CILLIARY
ACTION
NASAL
CONGESTION
& NASAL
EDEMA

23.  RHINITIS SICCA-
• CHARACTERISED BY DRY NOSE
• CREPITUS FORMATION
• EPISTAXIS & PAIN
ETIOLOGY-
• EXPOSURE TO HOT , DRY ,
DESERT CONDITION
• IRRITANT GASES

24. PATHOLOGY-
METAPLASIA OF
CILLIATED
COLUMNAR
EPITHELIUM
PERIGLANDULAR
FIBROSIS
CRUST
FORMATION

25. MANAGAMENT-
• PETROLEUM JELLY
• STEAM INHALATION
• 25% GLUCOSE IN GLYCEROL
NASAL DROPS
• REMOVAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL
IRRITANT CAUSES

26.  MANAGEMENT OF NON-
ALLERGIC RHINITIS
A. NON SURGICAL-
 1.AVOIDANCE OF IRRITANT-
 2.SALINE IRRIGATION-
 3.TOPICAL STEROID
 4.ADRENERGIC AGENT-a.phenylamines
b.imidazolines
 5.ANTICHOLINERGIC AGENT-BLOCKS THE
PARASYMPATHETIC INPUT

27. B.SUGICAL-
• 1.SEPTAL PROCEDURES
• 2.TURBINATE SURGERY-
a. OUT FRACTURE
b. CAUTERIZATION
c.RADIOFREQUENCY
ABLATION
d. SUBMUCOUS RESECTION
e. SUBMUCOSAL REDUCTION
f. TURBINATE RESECTION