The document discusses the reactions and conversions between alcohols, carboxylic acids, and esters. It provides the general formulas for these compounds and describes several reactions: ethanol combusts with a blue flame; dehydration of ethanol produces ethene; hydration of ethene over phosphoric acid catalyst produces ethanol; esterification of ethanol and ethanoic acid with sulfuric acid catalyst produces an ester; oxidation of ethanol with potassium dichromate changes the solution color from orange to green.

1. Revision on alcohols, carboxylic acids and ester

2. Change of one homologous series to another homologous series

9. Alcohol Carboxylic acid Ester State the general formula for

10. Many reactions of ethanol

11. Reaction 1 Combustion ethanol is burnt in excess oxygen Observation: ethanol burns with blue flame, no soot

12. Reaction 2 Dehydration ethanol is passed over heated porcelain chips to produce ethene Observation: gas formed that will decolorize brown bromine water

13. Reaction 3 hydration or addition of steam When a mixture of ethene and steam is heated over phosphoric acid as catalyst, temp of 300 o C, pressure 60 atm.

14. Reaction 4 Esterification When a mixture of ethanol and ethanoic acid is warmed with conc sulphuric acid as catalyst, Observation: sweet smelling liquid is formed

15. Reaction 5 Esterification When a mixture of ethanoic acid and ethanol is warmed with conc sulphuric acid as catalyst Observation: Sweet smelling liquid is formed

16. Reaction 6 Oxidation When ethanol is warmed with acidified potassium dichromate as oxidizing agent Observation: Orange solution change to green

17. Naming of esters