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The Middle East was the cradle of early civilizations like Sumer, Babylon, and Phoenicia. It was also a crossroads of trade between Europe, Asia, and Africa. Many major religions originated here, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Islam in particular arose in the 7th century in the Arabian Peninsula under the prophet Muhammad and grew to dominate much of the region politically. The Middle East has seen the rise and fall of many powerful empires that have conquered and influenced its peoples over millennia.
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The document contains definitions of English idioms and their Chinese translations. It includes idioms related to emotions like "on cloud nine" meaning very happy, situations like "on thin ice" meaning in a dangerous situation, and actions like "cut corners" meaning to do something in an easy way by ignoring rules. There are over 50 English idioms and their Chinese equivalents defined.
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1 2 challenges from within
Within Rome, class divisions between the patricians and plebeians led to social and political challenges. The patricians were the ruling class who held all political power. In contrast, plebeians were common people excluded from government. To gain more political influence, plebeians formed their own councils in 494 BC. This threatened the patrician monopoly on power. While initially resisting changes, the patricians eventually cooperated and reformed the government to avert revolution from dividing Rome.
Kallpa sab multiplos 05 julio 13.
This document provides financial information for various companies across different industries including consumer goods, retail, financial services, construction, cement, steel, and others. For each company, it lists the country, market capitalization, average daily trading volume, price to earnings and book value ratios, return on equity, return on assets, and dividend yield. It then calculates averages for each industry group. The document appears to be an industry research report analyzing companies using various financial metrics.
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Islam 2º ESO
Islam originated in the 7th century in the Arabian Peninsula. The prophet Muhammad received revelations from God and began preaching the religion of Islam. After Muhammad's death, his followers spread Islam across Asia, North Africa, and parts of Europe. Islam is a monotheistic faith that believes in one God and that Muhammad is his final prophet. The religion's core beliefs and practices are outlined in the Five Pillars of Islam.
1311 From Ancient Africa to the 1500s
This document provides an overview of ancient African civilizations and the Indian Ocean trade. It discusses the geography of Africa and the peoples who inhabited early Africa, including the Egyptians, Kush, Axum, Khoisan, and Bantu. It then summarizes the Ghana and Mali Empires, noting their wealth from trans-Saharan trade. The document also outlines various East African city-states that flourished through the Indian Ocean trade, spreading Islam and connecting Africa to other regions. It highlights Axum/Aksum and Ethiopia as the first Christian state, as well as the city of Great Zimbabwe. Students are assigned to finish reading Chapter 11 in preparation for the next class.
Iberian And Northern Europeans
1. Christopher Columbus introduces himself and describes the Age of Exploration as a time when brave men like himself explored new lands, trade routes, and riches for Europe.
2. The major reasons for exploration included finding gold and wealth, glory for one's nation and oneself, spreading Christianity, seeking new trade routes around Muslim control of current routes, and new technologies enabling sea travel.
3. The Portuguese led early explorations, establishing trade routes to India and colonies in Africa and Asia, while the Spanish explored and conquered Central and South America and the Philippines. The Dutch and British later established trade in Asia and colonies in North America and the Caribbean.
F:\Ap World History10\1450 1750\Rise Of West\Iberian And Northern Europeans
1. Christopher Columbus introduces himself and describes the Age of Exploration as a major turning point in history when brave men like himself explored beyond Europe in search of new lands, trade routes, and riches.
2. The main motivations for exploration were gold, glory, spreading Christianity, finding an eastern trade route around Muslim control, and new thinking from the Humanism movement.
3. Portuguese explorers like Bartholomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama found routes around Africa and to India, establishing Portugal's dominance in the Indian Ocean trade. Spanish explorers like Columbus and Balboa expanded Spain's empire in the Americas.
1311 Islamic life, Culture, and Trade
The document outlines the daily plan, social hierarchy, trade networks, and cultural centers of Islamic societies between the 8th-10th centuries. It discusses how Arab Muslims were at the top of the social hierarchy, with converts, Jews, Christians, and other monotheistic groups below them. Slavery was common but more humane than later forms, and the Qur'an encouraged freeing slaves. Trade networks stretched from Africa and Asia, exchanging goods like spices, textiles, and knowledge. Major cultural centers were Baghdad under the Abbasid Caliphate and Cordoba in Islamic Iberia, known for their libraries and advances in many fields. However, political fragmentation began with the decline of the Cal
2 1 arab expansion
After Muhammad's death, Abu Bakr became the first caliph or successor and led the armies to unify Arabia through military campaigns. The Muslim state expanded through conquests of Persia and Byzantium. Early caliphs came from the Umayyad family who moved the capital to Damascus and continued expanding the empire into places like Central Asia, Northern India, and North Africa. In 771, Arabs and Berbers invaded Spain and conquered it quickly, then moved into France but were defeated at the Battle of Tours. Later the Abbasid dynasty came to power in 749 and reorganized government. Islam spread rapidly through trade and conquered lands, reaching places like India and Africa.
600 -1450 powerpoint
During the period from 600 to 1450 CE, several major developments occurred globally. Large religions expanded their influence, while nomadic groups like the Bedouins and Mongols impacted many regions through migration and conquest. A new religion, Islam, arose and spread widely. Empires developed in Mesoamerica, South America, China, and parts of Africa and West Asia. Long distance trade intensified along routes like the Silk Road and Indian Ocean, connecting diverse regions and cultures. The Crusades brought Europeans into global trade networks, and the vast Mongol Empire briefly united much of Eurasia before eventually fracturing.
Islam
This document discusses the origin and expansion of Islam. It began in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century with the prophet Muhammad receiving revelations that became the Quran. After Muhammad's death, the new religion expanded rapidly under successive caliphates. The Rashidun Caliphate conquered the Middle East and North Africa in the 7th century, followed by expansion into West Asia, Central Asia, and parts of Europe and Africa under the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates through the 8th-11th centuries. The document also outlines the Islamic system of government organized around the caliph, judges, and governors, as well as the economy which relied on agriculture, crafts, and trade networks.
The islamic caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate established the first Islamic empire in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal) following the Islamic conquest of Hispania in the early 8th century. The empire derived power from uniting the Muslim community and allowing extensive conquest and taxation of non-Muslims. Islam played an important role in establishing the caliphate and uniting the Muslim community. The empire had a significant impact through establishing trade routes and cultural/intellectual centers.
Arabic Islamic World
The document provides an overview of pre-Islamic Arabia and the early history and spread of Islam. It describes the nomadic lifestyle in pre-Islamic Arabia and the rise of Mecca and Medina as trading centers. It then summarizes Muhammad's life and the key events in the founding of Islam, including the Hijra and establishment of the Umma. Finally, it outlines the expansion of the Islamic empire under the early caliphs and the establishment of the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties.
Travelers
1) Marco Polo was one of the most famous Western travelers on the Silk Road in the 13th-14th centuries, reaching China and becoming a confidant of Kublai Khan.
2) Ibn Battuta was a Moroccan explorer who extensively traveled throughout the Muslim world between 1324-1354, visiting many rulers and territories across 75,000 miles.
3) Zheng He led major voyages for China between 1405-1433 with over 300 ships, establishing tributary trade relations and projecting Chinese power throughout Southeast Asia, India, and East Africa. However, China then halted further naval explorations.
Islam and al-Andalus
The document provides an overview of Islam and its expansion into al-Andalus (Islamic Iberia). It discusses the origins and spread of Islam from the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century. It then focuses on the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD and the establishment of the Umayyad Emirate of Cordoba, which later became the independent Caliphate of Cordoba - a golden age of prosperity. This caliphate eventually broke into rival taifa kingdoms, with the Taifa of Granada surviving until 1492. The economy was based on trade and highly developed agriculture, and society was multi-cultural with Muslim and non-Muslim populations. Islamic culture flour
HIS 2213 LU4 How & When Did Europeans Become Dominant in the World?
Vasco Nunez de Balboa was the first European to reach the Pacific Ocean in 1513. This document provides an overview of key events and developments in Europe, Africa, and Asia between the fall of the Roman Empire and Christopher Columbus' voyage to the Americas in 1492. It discusses the rise of Islam, the Crusades, developments in trade routes, the Black Death plague, and the age of exploration led by Portugal and Spain.
Al-Andalus
This document discusses the history of Islam and its arrival in the Iberian Peninsula, known as Al-Andalus. It began with the Umayyad conquest in 711 AD and the creation of an Islamic state. Muslims ruled Al-Andalus until 1492, leaving influences on Spanish culture, art, customs and language. The golden age was the Caliphate of Cordoba in the 10th century, though Al-Andalus eventually fractured and was reduced to the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada by the 13th century before the final Islamic rule ended in 1492.
Chupe’s test- review answers- post-classical period
The document provides answers to review questions about Islam and its spread from the 7th-15th centuries. It discusses how Islam addressed problems in nomadic Arabian societies, the basic beliefs and pillars of Islam, and how Islam transformed from a nomadic to global civilization by 850 through trade, military expansion, and establishing an empire spanning Europe, Asia and North Africa. It also summarizes the major characteristics of the Abbasid Caliphate, changing roles of women in Islamic society over time, Islam's attitude towards slavery, the extent of Islam's conversion in various regions, characteristics of Sudanic states and Swahili city-states, and the Byzantine Empire.
Global I Review #3 Civilizations
The document provides an overview of several global civilizations and time periods to review for a final exam, including West African Kingdoms, Tang/Song China, Mesoamerica, the Byzantine Empire, the Islamic Empire, the Ottoman Empire, cultural isolation and diffusion in Europe and Asia during the Middle Ages, the Mongols, European feudalism and the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Reformation, Japanese feudalism, and the impact of the printing press. It summarizes key geographical features, accomplishments, economic and political systems, religious influences, and cultural impacts for each topic.
Medieval world
The document summarizes several medieval empires and powers. It describes the Eastern Roman/Byzantine Empire ruling from Constantinople after the fall of Rome. It also discusses the Holy Roman Empire established by Charlemagne, the Arab Empire spanning from Spain to India, and the Ottoman Empire ruling from the 16th century over territory from Egypt to Hungary. Additionally, it mentions the large Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan and the Mali Empire in West Africa centered around Timbuktu with its gold wealth and cultural importance.
Review Unit 5 Global Interactions
The document discusses several major global interactions throughout history that caused the spread of ideas and cultural diffusion. These include the rise of the Mongol Empire in the 13th century, which established stability and increased trade along the Silk Road, the Crusades from 1095-1200s which increased trade between Europe and Asia, the Black Death plague in the 1300s which reduced populations and labor forces in Europe and led to a decline in feudalism, and the Commercial Revolution in Europe which ended the Middle Ages and began an era of increased trade and prosperity. The Age of Exploration beginning in the 1400s then led to European dominance worldwide as countries like Spain and Portugal explored and established global trade networks and imperialized the Americas.
U2. islam & its expansion
The document provides background information on the origins of Islam in Arabia in the 7th century. It describes how before Muhammad, Arabia was inhabited by independent tribes, both nomadic Bedouins in the interior and settled tribes along the coasts who practiced animism and polytheism, respectively, but shared a common Arabic language and cult centered around the Kaaba in Mecca. It then discusses Muhammad, born in 570 CE, who received revelations from God and brought the Arab tribes together under the new religion of Islam between 610-632 CE, establishing political and religious authority. Finally, it provides a brief overview of how Muhammad's successors, the caliphs, expanded the Islamic empire through conquest in the following centuries.
Pre independence history
Sudan has a long history, with early Nubian kingdoms along the Nile that eventually converted to Christianity. Islam spread gradually over centuries through contact with Arab traders and pilgrims. Several Islamic sultanates arose, the most prominent being the Funj Kingdom of Sennar. Egypt conquered Sudan in 1821, ruling oppressively. This led to the Mahdist revolt and establishment of an Islamic state. Britain later conquered Sudan, ruling jointly with Egypt until Sudanese independence in 1956. British rule differed in the north, using indirect rule through tribal leaders, and the south, with more direct administration that promoted English and Christianity.
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HIS 2213 LU4 How & When Did Europeans Become Dominant in the World?
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Chupe’s test- review answers- post-classical period
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A Free eBook ~ Valuable LIFE Lessons to Learn ( 5 Sets of Presentations)...
A free eBook comprising 5 sets of PowerPoint presentations of meaningful stories /Inspirational pieces that teach important Dhamma/Life lessons. For reflection and practice to develop the mind to grow in love, compassion and wisdom. The texts are in English and Chinese.
My other free eBooks can be obtained from the following Links:
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/presentations
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/documents
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Review for Final
- 1. Review: Middle East History SOCIAL STUDIES FOR 10° EGB TEACHER: MAURICIO TORRES
- 2. Middle East • It has been a region that has given a lot to our world. • The first civilizations rose here. • New religions flourished • It was a trade crossroad between China and Europe. • It has been conquered by many different empires.
- 6. Ur SUMER
- 9. Phoenicians Sailors /Traders Few resources Established colonies all over the Mediterranean: Carthage Developed the alphabet Purple Dye Blown Glass PHOENICIA
- 10. Hebrews / Jews • Patriarch: Abraham (came from UR). • They settled in Canaan, but later migrate to Egypt. • They are enslaved, released, the Exodus begins (Moses): • Covenant: pact with God / Ten Commandments / Monotheism • They reach Canaan once again, settle as separate communities without central government.
- 13. JUDEA (Greek rule / Roman Province)
- 14. JUDEA: Greek rule and Roman Province GREEK RULE • Alexander conquers the Levant • Hellenization Process • Maccabean Revolt • Hasmonean monarchy • Partial independence ROMAN PROVINCE • Romans conquer Judea • Friction between Jews and Romans. • Pharisees and Sadducees control politics. • Zealots rebel. • Masada and the Sicarii • Jews are expelled from Jerusalem all over the Mediterranean.
- 16. Byzantium • Eastern Roman Empire: outlived its counterpart for 1000 years. • Greek language, Christian Orthodox (1054 Schism). • Basis of culture: ancient Greek knowledge. • Important geographical location: the link between Asia and Europe. • Major cultural and trade center. • Justinian: • Married toTheodora / Nika Riots / Rebuilt the city / Hagia Sophia / Justinian’sCode
- 17. Fall of Constantinople No longer a buffer state between Muslims and Europe. End of the MiddleAges, the Renaissance begins. New trades routes to China and India are needed: Discovery of America Africa is explored. Ottoman Empire rises.
- 18. Arabian Peninsula: Islam Rises • Arabian geography, mostly desert. • Oases serve as “gas stations”. • Two different lifestyles: sedentary and nomads (bedouins) • Both rely on each other for travelling and trade. • Muhammad is born in Mecca (merchant city / Kaaba) • Raised by his uncle, marries Khadijah (a major influence in his life). • Earn his living as an honest merchant. • Has visions, angel Gabriel instructs him to “recite”.
- 20. Islam Rises • Muhammad preaches in Mecca: • Monotheism / Equality / Charity • Message is rejected by rich merchants who threaten him. • Muhammad leaves forYathrib in 622 • This is called the Hijra /Yathrib is renamed Medina (City of the Prophet) • He becomes a religious and political leader / His house becomes the first Mosque • Muhammad returns triumphantly to Mecca.
- 21. USETHIS MAPTO LOCATE MAJOR CIVILIZATIONS AND REGIONS STUDIED IN CLASS