The document discusses several major global interactions throughout history that caused the spread of ideas and cultural diffusion. These include the rise of the Mongol Empire in the 13th century, which established stability and increased trade along the Silk Road, the Crusades from 1095-1200s which increased trade between Europe and Asia, the Black Death plague in the 1300s which reduced populations and labor forces in Europe and led to a decline in feudalism, and the Commercial Revolution in Europe which ended the Middle Ages and began an era of increased trade and prosperity. The Age of Exploration beginning in the 1400s then led to European dominance worldwide as countries like Spain and Portugal explored and established global trade networks and imperialized the Americas.

1. Global Interactions
Review #5
Explain theMeaning of thisTitle:
As diverse cultures interact
(Trade, War, Migration) 
New ideas spread and are adopted

2. Causes What is
it?
Effects
Rise of
Mongols
•From steppes(dry,
Central Asian
grasslands)
nomadic herderswho
easily adapted to
environment
•Strategic Military
tactics
•Useof thestirrup
Nomadic
group who
established
thelargest
Empirein
history
Pax
Mongolia
•Provided stability
extensivetradeon Silk
Roadcultural diffusion
and progress spread of
Black Death
•Isolated Russiaduring
Renaissance
•Marco Polo’stravels
wroteabout Mongol
Empire

3. Causes What is
it?
Effects
Crusades
•Muslim Crusaders
sacked Jerusalem
•Willing to fight for
holy land (of Muslims,
Christiansand Jews)
•Serfswilling to leave
fiefsfor promiseof
land and heaven
Series of holy
wars fought
between
Muslims and
Christians at
end of
Middle Ages
(1095-
1200s)
•** Trade increases
between Europe
and Asia**
•Cultural
diffusion!
•Declineof
MiddleAges
•Start of
Commercial
Revolution 
Renaissance

4. Causes What is
it?
Effects
Black Death
•In early 1300stheplague
appeared in Chinesecities
– carried by ratsthru
crowded cities
•Fleasfrom ratsinfested
tradersin theEast, who
then carried theplagueto
theMiddleEast, North
Africa, & Italy
Bubonic
plague was a
highly
contagious
disease
spread by
the fleas that
lived on rats
(1300s
onward)
•Shortageof workers
•Farm & Industrial
Production decline
•Pricesrise
•Growth of cities
•Declineof Feudalism &
Riseof Monarchs
(decentralized to centralized power)

5. Causes What is
it?
Effects
The Commercial
Revolution
- Crusades  Trade
between East and
West
-Growth of towns
and the middle class
of merchants
A major
turning point
in Europe
that ended
the Middle
Ages and
began a new
era of trade
and
prosperity
- TRADE
INCREASED!
-Growth of middle
class
-Rise of capitalism
-Creation of banks
and guilds
-End of feudalism
-Beginning of
Renaissance

6. Causes What is it? Effects
Mercantilism:
Encomienda System:
Columbian Exchange:
TriangularTrade/Middle
Passage:
Age of
Exploration
A period
beginning in
the 1400s of
European
exploration
of the world

“Discovery”
of the
Americas
•Desireto find cheaper trade
routesnot under Ottoman
control
•Invention of gun powder
•Invention of printing press
 better navigation
technology (astrolabe,
caravel)
•Political Stability
•Spain and Portugal lead
exploration
•Global tradecentersaround
Atlantic (not Med. Sea)
•Beginning of European
dominancein world
•Americasimperialized
•Established by Spain in Latin
Americato createafavorable
Balanceof Trade
•System of forced labor upon
nativesand mixed race
•New exchangeof products,
goodsand diseasebetween
Americasand Europe
•African Slaves Americas
goods/material to Europe

7. Causes What is it? Effects
Mercantilism:
Encomienda System:
Columbian Exchange:
TriangularTrade/Middle
Passage:
Age of
Exploration
A period
beginning in
the 1400s of
European
exploration
of the world

“Discovery”
of the
Americas
•Desireto find cheaper trade
routesnot under Ottoman
control
•Invention of gun powder
•Invention of printing press
 better navigation
technology (astrolabe,
caravel)
•Political Stability
•Spain and Portugal lead
exploration
•Global tradecentersaround
Atlantic (not Med. Sea)
•Beginning of European
dominancein world
•Americasimperialized
•Established by Spain in Latin
Americato createafavorable
Balanceof Trade
•System of forced labor upon
nativesand mixed race
•New exchangeof products,
goodsand diseasebetween
Americasand Europe
•African Slaves Americas
goods/material to Europe