The document discusses various types of clasps used for retention in removable partial dentures, including their design, parts, placement and advantages. It describes circumferential, bar, and combination clasps, noting factors like flexibility, coverage of tooth structure, and ability to engage undercuts that determine appropriate use. Proper clasp design and placement is important to resist forces while minimizing risks to abutment teeth and surrounding tissue.
This document provides an overview of removable partial denture (RPD) design, with a focus on the RPI and RPA systems. It discusses the challenges of tooth-tissue supported prostheses and how RPD design can control damaging forces. The RPI system aims to minimize stress using components like I-bar retainers, mesial rests, and proximal plates. Variations like Krol's modification require less tooth alteration. Indirect retention through rests helps redistribute forces. The document reviews factors like clasp design, material, and position that also influence stress control.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Overdentures - Indications, Contraindication and Treatment Procedure.pptShrimant Raman
This document discusses overdentures, which are removable partial or complete dentures that cover and rest on remaining natural teeth, tooth roots, or dental implants. It defines overdentures and provides indications for their use, such as when retention is difficult to obtain or for patients with a poor prognosis for complete dentures. The document describes preparations for retained teeth, classifications of overdentures, advantages and disadvantages, and references for further information.
Attachments & their use in rpd fabricationNavydent Dent
1. An attachment is a connector used in removable partial denture fabrication that connects a component fixed to a tooth to a component incorporated into the denture prosthesis.
2. There are two main types of attachments: intracoronal attachments contained within the crown and extracoronal attachments positioned outside the crown.
3. Attachments require the restoration of abutment teeth with crowns and involve the incorporation of male and female attachment components into the crowns and denture respectively.
Non rigid connectors in fixed prosthesis / cosmetic dentistry trainingIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Vertical jaw relation in Complete Dentures- KellyKelly Norton
1) The vertical jaw relation refers to the distance between selected points on the face, usually the tip of the nose and chin, and aims to determine the optimal vertical dimension of occlusion for complete dentures.
2) There are several proposed theories for the physiologic rest position, including positions where the opening and closing muscles are in equilibrium or where elastic elements balance gravity, but no single method is universally valid.
3) Determining the vertical dimension at rest provides a reference point, being approximately 2-4mm less than the vertical dimension of occlusion, which is the distance between contact points with the teeth occluding.
This document provides an overview of removable partial denture (RPD) design, with a focus on the RPI and RPA systems. It discusses the challenges of tooth-tissue supported prostheses and how RPD design can control damaging forces. The RPI system aims to minimize stress using components like I-bar retainers, mesial rests, and proximal plates. Variations like Krol's modification require less tooth alteration. Indirect retention through rests helps redistribute forces. The document reviews factors like clasp design, material, and position that also influence stress control.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Overdentures - Indications, Contraindication and Treatment Procedure.pptShrimant Raman
This document discusses overdentures, which are removable partial or complete dentures that cover and rest on remaining natural teeth, tooth roots, or dental implants. It defines overdentures and provides indications for their use, such as when retention is difficult to obtain or for patients with a poor prognosis for complete dentures. The document describes preparations for retained teeth, classifications of overdentures, advantages and disadvantages, and references for further information.
Attachments & their use in rpd fabricationNavydent Dent
1. An attachment is a connector used in removable partial denture fabrication that connects a component fixed to a tooth to a component incorporated into the denture prosthesis.
2. There are two main types of attachments: intracoronal attachments contained within the crown and extracoronal attachments positioned outside the crown.
3. Attachments require the restoration of abutment teeth with crowns and involve the incorporation of male and female attachment components into the crowns and denture respectively.
Non rigid connectors in fixed prosthesis / cosmetic dentistry trainingIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Vertical jaw relation in Complete Dentures- KellyKelly Norton
1) The vertical jaw relation refers to the distance between selected points on the face, usually the tip of the nose and chin, and aims to determine the optimal vertical dimension of occlusion for complete dentures.
2) There are several proposed theories for the physiologic rest position, including positions where the opening and closing muscles are in equilibrium or where elastic elements balance gravity, but no single method is universally valid.
3) Determining the vertical dimension at rest provides a reference point, being approximately 2-4mm less than the vertical dimension of occlusion, which is the distance between contact points with the teeth occluding.
This document discusses the RPI and RPA concepts for removable partial dentures. It begins by defining direct retainers and clasp functions. It then describes the components and mechanics of the RPI system, including the occlusal rest, proximal plate, and I-bar retainer. The document discusses the indications, advantages, and disadvantages of the RPI system. It notes the RPI is designed to minimize stresses on abutment teeth during function. The summary concludes by stating the RPI system utilizes an I-bar retainer to provide retention and aesthetics while placing minimal metal on tooth surfaces.
Temporization refers to provisional restorations used to establish esthetics, function, and occlusion prior to definitive treatment. Provisional restorations protect the pulp and support periodontal health during treatment. They also allow evaluation of esthetics, occlusion, and patient acceptance of the planned treatment outcome. Common materials for provisional restorations include polymethyl methacrylate resin and various composite resins. Provisionals must meet biological, mechanical, and esthetic requirements and be cemented securely yet removable when treatment is complete.
This document discusses the importance of recording jaw relations when fabricating removable partial dentures (RPDs). There are several methods for recording jaw relations, including direct apposition of casts, interocclusal records with posterior teeth remaining, and using occlusion rims. Centric relation should be recorded for distal extension RPDs or when the opposing arch is edentulous, while centric occlusion is preferred when natural teeth can guide the mandible. Proper jaw relation and occlusion are necessary to distribute forces optimally and prevent damage to teeth or bone.
This document discusses attachments used in prosthodontics. It begins with an introduction to attachments, defining them as mechanical devices used to retain and stabilize prostheses. The document then covers the history, classification, indications, disadvantages, and selection of attachments. It discusses both intracoronal and extracoronal attachments. In summary, the document provides an overview of attachments, their uses in prosthodontics, and factors to consider in selecting the appropriate attachment.
This document discusses occlusion in removable partial dentures. It outlines several types of occlusion including static and dynamic occlusion. Desirable occlusal contacts are bilateral contacts of posterior teeth in centric occlusion. Methods for establishing occlusion include direct apposition of casts if enough teeth remain, interocclusal records with posterior teeth, or using occlusal rims. The functionally generated path method can also be used to develop a dynamic occlusion record without an articulator. Proper occlusion is important for the success, comfort and longevity of removable partial dentures.
The document discusses various concepts of occlusion for fixed partial dentures, including bilaterally balanced occlusion, unilaterally balanced occlusion, and mutually protected occlusion. Bilaterally balanced occlusion aims for simultaneous contact on both sides but is difficult to achieve, while unilaterally balanced occlusion distributes forces to multiple teeth on the working side only. Mutually protected occlusion relies on anterior guidance to prevent posterior contact during excursive movements. The concepts vary in their distribution of forces and indications depending on a patient's needs.
This document discusses different types of immediate dentures. It defines an immediate denture as any removable dental prosthesis fabricated for placement immediately following tooth extraction. There are two main types: conventional (classic) immediate dentures and interim/transitional immediate dentures. The conventional type is intended to serve as the long-term prosthesis after refitting, while the interim type is replaced by a second denture after healing. The document outlines the advantages, disadvantages, indications, and contraindications of each type. It also describes the diagnostic and treatment planning process, including clinical and laboratory procedures, for fabricating immediate dentures.
This document discusses different types of rests and rest seats used in removable partial dentures. It defines rests as rigid extensions that contact prepared tooth surfaces to provide support, while rest seats are the prepared recesses in teeth that receive rests. Key points include: Occlusal, lingual, and incisal rests are classified based on tooth surfaces. Rests function to direct forces along the tooth's long axis and prevent denture movement. Proper rest design and placement are important to control forces.
Direct retainers in removable partial denturesShebin Abraham
This document discusses direct retainers used in removable partial dentures. It defines direct retainers as components that retain and prevent dislodgment of the prosthesis. Direct retainers are classified as either intracoronal or extracoronal and include precision attachments, semi-precision attachments, and retentive clasp assemblies. Extracoronal attachments include circumferential clasps and bar clasps. The basic parts of clasp assemblies are described, and principles of clasp design such as retention, stability, support, reciprocation, and encirclement are explained. Factors that influence the amount of retention provided by clasps are also outlined.
Occlusal relationship for removable partial dentureNuhafadhil
This document discusses various methods for establishing occlusion on removable partial dentures (RPDs). It describes 5 main methods: 1) direct apposition of casts, 2) interocclusal records with posterior teeth remaining, 3) occlusion rims on record bases, 4) jaw relation records entirely on occlusion rims, and 5) establishing occlusion through recording occlusal pathways. The document provides details on techniques for each method and considerations for selecting the appropriate method based on a patient's dentition. It emphasizes the importance of achieving harmonious occlusion between RPDs and remaining natural teeth.
1. A tooth supported overdenture is a removable partial or complete denture that covers and receives support from one or more remaining natural teeth or dental implants.
2. It provides advantages like ridge preservation, improved retention, stability and support compared to conventional complete dentures.
3. Tooth supported overdentures can be classified based on the type of abutment preparation (coping vs non-coping) and the timing of placement (immediate, interim or definitive).
This document discusses different types of retainers used for fixed partial dentures (FPDs). It describes various retainer options including full coverage crowns, partial coverage crowns, and conservative retainers. Full coverage crowns provide maximum retention but require extensive tooth preparation. Partial coverage crowns are more conservative but less retentive. Conservative retainers like resin-bonded FPDs require minimal preparation but do not accept heavy loads. The document outlines the characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and indications for different retainer options.
This document provides an overview of over dentures, including:
- Definitions of over dentures and the advantages of using them to preserve remaining teeth and bone.
- Classifications of over dentures based on the type of support (tooth, implant, or mixed) and the timing of placement.
- Common attachment types used for retention, including studs, bars, and magnets attached to teeth or implants.
- The minimum number of implants needed for fully implant supported maxillary and mandibular over dentures.
Retention in maxillofacial prosthesis pptxpadmini rani
Maxillofacial prosthesis retention can be achieved through various intraoral and extraoral methods. Intraoral retention options include anatomic features like residual ridges as well as mechanical attachments. Common mechanical attachments are cast clasps, precision attachments, and magnets. Extraoral retention methods involve adhesives, implants, eyeglasses, and magnets depending on the location and extent of the prosthesis. The document discusses considerations for selecting the appropriate retention method based on factors like bone availability, location, and amount of hard and soft tissue.
5- Basic principles for designing the removable partial denture (class i part...Amal Kaddah
This document discusses principles and factors related to removable partial denture (RPD) design. It addresses:
- Biomechanical principles to minimize damaging effects to teeth, bone, and soft tissues from forces of the RPD.
- Factors that influence RPD design, including abutment conditions, ridge properties, forces, and patient needs.
- Types of RPD support and problems associated with tooth-mucosa supported designs.
- Techniques to control problems in distal extension bases, such as reducing forces, distributing loads, and providing posterior abutments.
Basic principles of removable partial denture design copyAbbasi Begum
The document discusses several key factors in designing removable partial dentures (RPDs) to minimize stress on abutment teeth, including:
1) Understanding biomechanics and the types of movements that occur in RPDs.
2) Factors like edentulous span length, ridge support, clasp design, and occlusal harmony influence the amount of stress transmitted.
3) Design considerations like indirect retainers, auxiliary rests, major/minor connectors, and extending the denture base help distribute forces and reduce stress.
Proper planning and following biomechanical principles leads to successful RPD designs.
This seminar is of postgraduate level, which will be helpful for students. The presenter has added the information from various sources and the references are quoted in the last few slides of the seminar to gather more information about the seminar.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses the RPI and RPA concepts for removable partial dentures. It begins by defining direct retainers and clasp functions. It then describes the components and mechanics of the RPI system, including the occlusal rest, proximal plate, and I-bar retainer. The document discusses the indications, advantages, and disadvantages of the RPI system. It notes the RPI is designed to minimize stresses on abutment teeth during function. The summary concludes by stating the RPI system utilizes an I-bar retainer to provide retention and aesthetics while placing minimal metal on tooth surfaces.
Temporization refers to provisional restorations used to establish esthetics, function, and occlusion prior to definitive treatment. Provisional restorations protect the pulp and support periodontal health during treatment. They also allow evaluation of esthetics, occlusion, and patient acceptance of the planned treatment outcome. Common materials for provisional restorations include polymethyl methacrylate resin and various composite resins. Provisionals must meet biological, mechanical, and esthetic requirements and be cemented securely yet removable when treatment is complete.
This document discusses the importance of recording jaw relations when fabricating removable partial dentures (RPDs). There are several methods for recording jaw relations, including direct apposition of casts, interocclusal records with posterior teeth remaining, and using occlusion rims. Centric relation should be recorded for distal extension RPDs or when the opposing arch is edentulous, while centric occlusion is preferred when natural teeth can guide the mandible. Proper jaw relation and occlusion are necessary to distribute forces optimally and prevent damage to teeth or bone.
This document discusses attachments used in prosthodontics. It begins with an introduction to attachments, defining them as mechanical devices used to retain and stabilize prostheses. The document then covers the history, classification, indications, disadvantages, and selection of attachments. It discusses both intracoronal and extracoronal attachments. In summary, the document provides an overview of attachments, their uses in prosthodontics, and factors to consider in selecting the appropriate attachment.
This document discusses occlusion in removable partial dentures. It outlines several types of occlusion including static and dynamic occlusion. Desirable occlusal contacts are bilateral contacts of posterior teeth in centric occlusion. Methods for establishing occlusion include direct apposition of casts if enough teeth remain, interocclusal records with posterior teeth, or using occlusal rims. The functionally generated path method can also be used to develop a dynamic occlusion record without an articulator. Proper occlusion is important for the success, comfort and longevity of removable partial dentures.
The document discusses various concepts of occlusion for fixed partial dentures, including bilaterally balanced occlusion, unilaterally balanced occlusion, and mutually protected occlusion. Bilaterally balanced occlusion aims for simultaneous contact on both sides but is difficult to achieve, while unilaterally balanced occlusion distributes forces to multiple teeth on the working side only. Mutually protected occlusion relies on anterior guidance to prevent posterior contact during excursive movements. The concepts vary in their distribution of forces and indications depending on a patient's needs.
This document discusses different types of immediate dentures. It defines an immediate denture as any removable dental prosthesis fabricated for placement immediately following tooth extraction. There are two main types: conventional (classic) immediate dentures and interim/transitional immediate dentures. The conventional type is intended to serve as the long-term prosthesis after refitting, while the interim type is replaced by a second denture after healing. The document outlines the advantages, disadvantages, indications, and contraindications of each type. It also describes the diagnostic and treatment planning process, including clinical and laboratory procedures, for fabricating immediate dentures.
This document discusses different types of rests and rest seats used in removable partial dentures. It defines rests as rigid extensions that contact prepared tooth surfaces to provide support, while rest seats are the prepared recesses in teeth that receive rests. Key points include: Occlusal, lingual, and incisal rests are classified based on tooth surfaces. Rests function to direct forces along the tooth's long axis and prevent denture movement. Proper rest design and placement are important to control forces.
Direct retainers in removable partial denturesShebin Abraham
This document discusses direct retainers used in removable partial dentures. It defines direct retainers as components that retain and prevent dislodgment of the prosthesis. Direct retainers are classified as either intracoronal or extracoronal and include precision attachments, semi-precision attachments, and retentive clasp assemblies. Extracoronal attachments include circumferential clasps and bar clasps. The basic parts of clasp assemblies are described, and principles of clasp design such as retention, stability, support, reciprocation, and encirclement are explained. Factors that influence the amount of retention provided by clasps are also outlined.
Occlusal relationship for removable partial dentureNuhafadhil
This document discusses various methods for establishing occlusion on removable partial dentures (RPDs). It describes 5 main methods: 1) direct apposition of casts, 2) interocclusal records with posterior teeth remaining, 3) occlusion rims on record bases, 4) jaw relation records entirely on occlusion rims, and 5) establishing occlusion through recording occlusal pathways. The document provides details on techniques for each method and considerations for selecting the appropriate method based on a patient's dentition. It emphasizes the importance of achieving harmonious occlusion between RPDs and remaining natural teeth.
1. A tooth supported overdenture is a removable partial or complete denture that covers and receives support from one or more remaining natural teeth or dental implants.
2. It provides advantages like ridge preservation, improved retention, stability and support compared to conventional complete dentures.
3. Tooth supported overdentures can be classified based on the type of abutment preparation (coping vs non-coping) and the timing of placement (immediate, interim or definitive).
This document discusses different types of retainers used for fixed partial dentures (FPDs). It describes various retainer options including full coverage crowns, partial coverage crowns, and conservative retainers. Full coverage crowns provide maximum retention but require extensive tooth preparation. Partial coverage crowns are more conservative but less retentive. Conservative retainers like resin-bonded FPDs require minimal preparation but do not accept heavy loads. The document outlines the characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and indications for different retainer options.
This document provides an overview of over dentures, including:
- Definitions of over dentures and the advantages of using them to preserve remaining teeth and bone.
- Classifications of over dentures based on the type of support (tooth, implant, or mixed) and the timing of placement.
- Common attachment types used for retention, including studs, bars, and magnets attached to teeth or implants.
- The minimum number of implants needed for fully implant supported maxillary and mandibular over dentures.
Retention in maxillofacial prosthesis pptxpadmini rani
Maxillofacial prosthesis retention can be achieved through various intraoral and extraoral methods. Intraoral retention options include anatomic features like residual ridges as well as mechanical attachments. Common mechanical attachments are cast clasps, precision attachments, and magnets. Extraoral retention methods involve adhesives, implants, eyeglasses, and magnets depending on the location and extent of the prosthesis. The document discusses considerations for selecting the appropriate retention method based on factors like bone availability, location, and amount of hard and soft tissue.
5- Basic principles for designing the removable partial denture (class i part...Amal Kaddah
This document discusses principles and factors related to removable partial denture (RPD) design. It addresses:
- Biomechanical principles to minimize damaging effects to teeth, bone, and soft tissues from forces of the RPD.
- Factors that influence RPD design, including abutment conditions, ridge properties, forces, and patient needs.
- Types of RPD support and problems associated with tooth-mucosa supported designs.
- Techniques to control problems in distal extension bases, such as reducing forces, distributing loads, and providing posterior abutments.
Basic principles of removable partial denture design copyAbbasi Begum
The document discusses several key factors in designing removable partial dentures (RPDs) to minimize stress on abutment teeth, including:
1) Understanding biomechanics and the types of movements that occur in RPDs.
2) Factors like edentulous span length, ridge support, clasp design, and occlusal harmony influence the amount of stress transmitted.
3) Design considerations like indirect retainers, auxiliary rests, major/minor connectors, and extending the denture base help distribute forces and reduce stress.
Proper planning and following biomechanical principles leads to successful RPD designs.
This seminar is of postgraduate level, which will be helpful for students. The presenter has added the information from various sources and the references are quoted in the last few slides of the seminar to gather more information about the seminar.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Rpd designing /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
A clinical guide_to_removable_partial_denture_designCucu Constantin
This document discusses the ideal roles and responsibilities of dentists and dental technicians in designing removable partial dentures (RPDs). Ideally, dentists are responsible for clinical assessment of the patient, treatment planning including any necessary mouth preparations, and designing the RPD based on biological factors. Technicians are responsible for translating the dentist's design into a three-dimensional prosthesis using appropriate materials and techniques. However, studies show dentists often delegate full design responsibility to technicians. For optimal results, dentists and technicians must collaborate effectively as a team, with open communication of each party's expertise.
This document discusses partial denture rests and their role in supporting partial dentures. It describes the different types of rests used for anterior and posterior teeth. Anterior rests include crescent-shaped cingulum rests, circular concave rests, and incisal rests. Posterior rests are designed to direct forces along the tooth's long axis to preserve remaining structures. Continuous posterior rests can also stabilize periodontally compromised teeth. Proper rest design and tooth preparation are necessary to create positive, supportive engagement between the partial denture and abutment teeth.
The document discusses design philosophies and principles for removable partial dentures (RPDs). It describes two main types of RPDs - tooth-borne and tooth-mucosa borne (extension base). Key points include how the placement of rests and retainers can influence forces on abutment teeth and the movement of the RPD during function. Proper design is important to direct forces favorably and minimize risks like bone loss or periodontal issues for retained teeth.
This document discusses different types of direct retainers for removable partial dentures, including intracoronal and extracoronal retainers. It describes various extracoronal clasp designs such as circlet, half and half, fish hook, reverse circlet, and embrasure clasps. Key factors that determine clasp retention like flexibility, diameter, and metal composition are also summarized. Guidelines for proper clasp design and factors influencing selection are provided.
1) Surveying involves marking the height of contour and infrabulge on teeth to determine the path of insertion and areas for retention. Guide planes are then prepared parallel to this path to restrict movement.
2) Analysis determines if the initial survey line provides sufficient retention and whether tilting the cast is needed.
3) The final survey line is marked, selecting retentive undercuts opposing the path of displacement. Guide planes are prepared to further limit movement to a single path.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Direct retainers in prosthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document discusses different types of direct retainers used in removable partial dentures. It defines direct retention as retention obtained through clasps or attachments contacting the abutment teeth. Intracoronal and extracoronal direct retainers are described. Intracoronal retainers are placed within the normal contours of teeth while extracoronal retainers are placed outside. The most commonly used extracoronal retainer is the clasp, which partially encircles teeth and engages undercuts for retention. Circumferential or Akers clasps completely encircle teeth and engage undercuts. Advantages include excellent support and retention while disadvantages include increased tooth coverage.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Dental Clasp designs 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses different types of direct retainers used in removable dental prostheses. It describes primary retainers as mechanical components that directly engage abutment teeth, such as clasp assemblies. Clasp assemblies provide retention through encirclement of teeth and contacting in three areas - the occlusal rest, retentive clasp terminal, and reciprocal clasp terminal. The document also discusses factors that influence clasp retention such as flexibility, taper, length and diameter.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Materials for interocclusal records and their ability to/cosmetic dentistry c...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Materials for interocclusal records and their ability to/ dental education in...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Designing in removable partial dentures /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document discusses various factors to consider in the design of removable partial dentures (RPDs). It covers 10 key factors: 1) biomechanical considerations and forces acting on RPDs, 2) controlling stress through design, 3) direct and indirect retention methods, 4) clasp design, 5) splinting, 6) the denture base, 7) major and minor connectors, 8) rests, 9) stress equalization techniques, and 10) philosophies of RPD design including broad stress distribution. The goal of proper RPD design is to preserve remaining teeth and restore function while minimizing stress on abutment teeth and soft tissues.
Designing in removable partial dentures /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
indirect retainers for Removable Partial DenturesAnil Goud
This document discusses indirect retainers for removable partial dentures. It defines indirect retainers as components that assist direct retainers in preventing displacement of the distal extension denture base through lever action. Indirect retainers function based on principles of levers and rotation around various axes. Common forms of indirect retainers include occlusal rests, canine extensions, lingual rests, cingulum bars, and cummer arms, which are placed on teeth or palatal surfaces to aid in retaining the denture base. Proper design and placement of indirect retainers and other components is important to minimize displacing forces and help ensure the success of the removable partial denture prosthesis.
DENTURES - CLASSIFICATION OF PARTIALLY EDENTULOUS ARCHES - CLASPS.pdfMaiAnhNguyen257006
This document defines and describes different types of complete and removable partial dentures. It begins by defining a complete denture as a removable prosthesis that replaces the entire dentition of the maxilla or mandible. It then discusses the different components of a complete denture, including the denture base, flange, and teeth. The document next defines a removable partial denture as a prosthesis that replaces some teeth in a partially dentate arch. It describes two main types as cast or acrylic partial dentures. The document concludes by discussing various classifications of partially edentulous arches and different types of clasps used for retention, such as circumferential, bar, and combination clasps.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Retention in maxillo facial prosthesis./cosmetic dentistry courseIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Similar to Retention/cosmetic dentistry courses (20)
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1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
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Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
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indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
1. Clasp retention
- the effects of variables
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing Dental Education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. Component parts of RPD
Major connectors
Minor connectors
Rests
Direct retainers
Indirect retainers
Denture bases
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. Forces acting on the partial denture
Removable partial denture is subjected to a
composite of forces arising from three
principal fulcrums.
Movement about an axis through the most
posterior abutments (Principal fulcrum line).
Movement about the longitudinal axis (in the
sagittal planes the distal extension moves in
rotary direction about the residual ridge)
Movement about an vertical axis located near
the center of the dental arch.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. Movement about an axis through the most posterior abutments .
(Principal fulcrum line)
(in sagittal plane)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. Movement about an axis through the most
posterior abutments .(Prnicipal fulcrum line)
Force activated by Resultant
force
Counteracted by
Sticky foods Vertical lift Retention
Tongue and
muscle forces
Vertical lift Adequate denture
base coverage
Gravity (maxillary) Vertical lift Indirect retainers ,
Gravity
(mandibular)
Occlusal load Movement
towards the
residual
ridge
Rests , Adequate
denture base
coverage, choice of
connector
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. Movement about the longitudinal axis (in the frontal plane
as the distal extension moves in rotary direction about the
residual ridge)
Force
activated by
Resultant
force
Counteracted by
Occlusal force
on one side of
the arch
causes lifting
forces on the
contra lateral
side of the
arch
Twisting
and tilting
Rigid connectors
Direct retainer
design
Denture base
coverage
Denture tooth
placement and
Contour of the
denture base.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. Movement about an vertical axis located near the
center of the dental arch
(in horizontal plane)
Force
activated by
Resulta
nt force
Counteracted
by
Masticatory
stress
Twisting
and
spreadi
ng of
RPD
Adequate bracing:
Rigid
connectors
Connector
choice
Denture base
coverage
Occlusal balance
contour of the
denture base.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. That quality inherent in the prostheses
acting to resist the forces of
dislodgement along the path of
placement.
Retention –Definition (gpt-7)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. Sources of retention in RPD
Physiologic retention
Mechanical retention
Frictional retention
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. Physiologic retention
Proportional to the tissue covered by
denture base.
Important in extension base partial
dentures.
Maximum coverage is needed so that
the primary retention line is so far
anterior that indirect retention is
ineffective.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. Maximum coverage is needed so that the
primary retention line is so far anterior
that indirect retention is ineffective.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. Mechanical retention
Provided by direct retainers
DIRECT RETAINERS
Intra coronal Extra coronal
Precision
attachments
Semi precision
attachments
Retentive
clasp
assemblies
Attachments
Suprabulge Infra bulge
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. Retentive clasp assemblies
Retention clasp assembly represent most
common method of extra coronal direct
retention.
First appeared in dental literature with W.
G. A. BONWILL description in 1899.
Proper use of dental surveyor is only
reliable method of effectively analyzing
teeth for their contribution to the retention
of partial denture.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. Classification of the clasps
Based on design :
Circumferential type (Akers, supra
bulge) clasp,
Bar type clasp (Vertical
projection, Roach, infra bulge).
Based on construction :
1. Cast clasp,
2. Wrought wire clasp,
3. Combination clasp
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. Parts of a clasp
Clasp assembly consists of :
Rest,
Reciprocal arm
Retentive arm,
, minor connectors
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. The component of the clasp that provides
vertical support or prosthesis is called
rest and the portion of the abutment tooth
prepared to receive rest is called rest
seat.
Properly prepared rest seats and rests
serve to :
Resist displacement of prosthesis
towards supporting tissues.
Transmit functional forces parallel
to the long axis of abutments.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. Retentive arm is only portion of the RPD
that contacts the surface of an abutment
apical to the height of the contour.
Depending on their approach to the
undercut region of the abutment they are
termed
Supra bulge clasp arm and
Infra bulge clasp arm
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. Supra bulge clasp arm
originates from a minor
connector occlusal or incisal
to the height of the contour.
The portion of the clasp arm
arising from the minor
connector is known as
shoulder which compromises
the proximal third in a clasp
arm.
From the shoulder the clasp
arm follows gently curved
path on the surface of the
abutment and the clasp arm
passes over the height of
contour and its tip contacts
undercut and this portion of
the clasp is terminus.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. The infra bulge clasp arm consists of two distinct
segments approach arm and terminus.
Approach arm is a minor connector that originate
from frame work travels horizontally along the
surface of the mucosa and then turns vertically to
cross the free gingival margin at 90°.
The terminus arises from the vertical portion of the
approach arm and engages undercut and surface of
the abutment.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. The component of the clasp assembly from
that braces an abutment during prosthesis
insertion and removal is called the reciprocal
element. The reciprocal element may be a
cast clasp, lingual plate or a combination of
mesial and distal minor connectors.
Reciprocal elements must contact the
abutment tooth at or occlusal to the height of
the contact.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. Mechanism of action of reciprocal
arm
As the retentive arm passes over the height of the
contour the arm displace a slight amount of flexure.
This flexure places lateral stress in the abutment. If
the stress is not counter acted it may cause lateral
displacement of the abutment and significant
damage to the supporting periodontium. To prevent
these effects, a rigid reciprocal element must be
used.
During insertion of the prosthesis a reciprocal
element should contact the abutment slightly before
the retentive arm contacts the abutment and this
contact should be maintained while the retentive
terminus pass over the height of the contour and
onto the undercut.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. The abutment surface that will be contacted by
the reciprocal element should be parallel to the
path of the insertion of the removable partial
denture.
Minor connectors join the elements of the clasp
assembly to the other parts of RPD and they must
be rigid depending on the philosophy of the
design.
The minor connector serve as guiding plate to
direct insertion and removal of RPD
Reciprocal element to counteract non axial forces.
Approach arm for intra bulge clasp.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. Cast circumferential clasp
Was introduced by Dr .N.B. NESBITT in (1916)
Design of choice in tooth supported removable partial
denture.
Advantages:
Simple and easy to construct
Close adaptation to the abutment – minimizes the
entrapment of the food and debris.
Disadvantages:
As the large amount of the tooth surface is covered by the
cast assembly ; if proper oral hygiene is not maintained,
under lying enamel is at under increased risk of
calcification.
Interfere with food flow and bolus during elimination
during the masticatory process. As a result , the abutment
and associated periodontium may be damaged.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. Design rules
Clasp should originate from
portion of frame work that lies
above height of the contour
Retentive arm should extend
apically and circumferentially in
gently arcing manner. Terminal
third of the retentive clasp should
pass over the height of the contour
and enter the infrabulge portion of
the abutment. Retentive terminus
should be directed occlusally ,
never towards the gingiva.
Clasp arm should terminate at the
mesial or distal line angle never at
the midfacial or midlingual
surfaces.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. Retentive arm should be placed as far as
apically on the abutment as practical.
Reciprocal arm should be located at or
slightly above the height of the contour on
the opposite surface of the abutment teeth.
In an extension base partial denture clasp
should not engage mesiofacial surface of
the abutment adjacent to posterior
edentulous space.
Distofacial surface of the abutment
surface of the abutment adjacent to the
anterior edentulous spaces
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. Simple circlet design
Clasp of choice to the
tooth supported
removable partial
dentures.
Clasp originates from
the proximal surface
of the abutment
adjacent to the
edentulous space with
the clasp arms away
from the edentulous
space.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. Advantages
Easy to construct
Simple to repair.
Disadvantages
Increased tooth coverage may promote
decalcification and compromise esthetics .
Interfere with the elimination of the food
from the occlusal table.
It can be adjusted in only in one direction
(bl).
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. Reverse circlet clasp
Used when the
available undercut is
located at the facial
or lingual line angle
adjacent to the
edentulous space.
Retainer of choice
when the infrabulge
clasp cannot be used
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. In distal extension applications ,it helps to
control stresses transmitted to the abutment
teeth during functional movement of the
prosthesis
Not a clasp of choice in canine and
premolar areas.
Main problem associated with the clasp is
the strength, and food impaction between
the proximal plate and surface of the
abutment.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. Embrasure clasp design
It is the two simple circlet
clasps joined at the bodies.
Used in the side of the arch
where there is no
edentulous space.
Clasp originates from the
minor connector that
traverse the marginal ridge
between teeth
Retentive arms engage
undercuts on opposing line
angles.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. Ring clasp design
Indicated on a tipped
mandibular molar
Engages the mesiolingual
undercut of the mesially tipped
molar.
Clasp originates at the mesial
rest and traverses the facial and
distal surfaces of the tooth
,remaining occlusal to the
height of the contour
And at the lingual surface the
clasp arm engages the undercut
at the mesiolingual line angle.
Additional support is provided
by the bracing arm at the facial
surface of the tooth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. Bracing arm
Originates at the minor connector near used to
retain the acrylic denture base.
Provide reciprocation
Runs horizontally across the mucosa apical to the
abutment teeth and then turns occlusally to cross
the free gingival margin and join the clasp
assembly in the midfacial aspect.
An additional rest is placed on the disto occlusal
surface if desired.
Not considered when
There is soft tissue undercut.
Vestibular depth is minimal.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
35. C clasp design
Referred to as fish hook
or hair pin clasp.
It is a simple circlet
clasp where the retentive
arm loops back to
engage an undercut
apical to the point of the
origin.
Occlusal portion of the
clasp should be rigid and
display consistent
dimensions.
Retentive portion of the
clasp should be tapered
and flexible. www.indiandentalacademy.com
36. Abutment should
Have sufficient vertical height.
Adequate space between the occlusal and retentive
portion of the clasps.
Occlusal aspect of the retentive arm should not
interfere with the opposing teeth in maximum
intercuspation.
Disadvantages
Generally yields inadequate flexibility,
abutment subjected to non axial forces.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
37. Multiple circlet clasp
It involves two circlet
clasps joined at terminal
aspects of the reciprocal
elements.
Indicated when the
primary abutment tooth is
periodontally
compromised and
stresses originating from
prosthesis can be
transmitted to the mutiple
abutment teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
38. Onlay clasp
It consists of a rest the
covers the entire occlusal
surface and serves as
origin to buccal and
lingual arms.
Indicated when the
occlusal surface of the
abutment is apical to the
occlusal plane .
Onlay rest serves as the
vertical stop.
Done in caries resistant
patients. www.indiandentalacademy.com
39. Half and half clasp
Consists of
circumferential retentive
arm arising from one
direction and a reciprocal
arm arising from other.
second arm arises from
the second minor
connector and it may be
used with or without the
rest.
Reciprocation can be
accomplished by minor
connector avoiding the
much tooth coverage
www.indiandentalacademy.com
40. Combination clasp
O.C. Applegate introduced modified wrought wire clasp
assembly known as the combination clasp.
It consists of occlusal rest, a cast metal reciprocal arm, and
a wrought wire retentive arm.
It is used when
maximum flexibility is desirable such as on abutment
tooth adjacent to the distal extension bases
When a bar type retainer is contraindicated on the
abutment.
Esthetic advantage over cast clasps.
.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
41. The most common use of this clasp is on
abutment tooth adjacent to the distal
extension base where only mesial undercut is
present and
use of the bar clasp is contraindicated
due to presence of large tissue undercut
When the undercut is on the side away
from the extension base the tapered wrought
wire retentive arm offers great flexibility than
does the cast clasp arm and therefore better
dissipates the forces
www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. Advantages
Flexibility
Adjustability
Esthetic advantage over the cast clasp arms
Minimum tooth surface covered because of its
line contact with the tooth
Fatigue failures are less common than the cast
retentive arm
Disadvantages
Extra steps in fabrication of the retentive arm
Distorted by the careless handling of the
patients
As it is bent with the hand the adaptation may
not be so accurate and less stabilization in the
suprabulge portion.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
43. Infrabulge clasps
Clasp that approaches the undercut region of the
abutment from n apical direction.
Different types of infrabulge retainers:
T clasp
Modified T clasp
I clasp or I bar
Y clasp
www.indiandentalacademy.com
44. Design rules
Approach arm should not impinge on the soft tissues of
the abutment.
Tissue surface of the approach arm should be smooth
and well polished.
Approach arm should cross perpendicular to the free
gingival margin.
Approach arm should never be designed to bridge a soft
tissue undercut since it will produce food entrapment
Approach arm should be tapered from its origin to the
terminus
Clasp terminus should be placed as far apically on the
abutment as is practical as it decreases the leverage
induced stresses resulting from the movement of the
prostheses.
Minor connector attaching the occlusal rest to the
framework should be rigid and should contribute to the
overall stabilization and bracing characteristics of the
prostheses. www.indiandentalacademy.com
45. Advantages :
Minimal tooth contact and minimal distortion of
the normal tooth contours.-improved tissue
stimulation and oral hygiene, decreased caries
and periodontal problems.
Improved esthetics
Increased retention because of the tripping
action.
Decreased torquing forces applied onto the
abutment tooth in the extension bases.
Improved adjustability because of the location of
the bend is less critical than for the
circumferential clasps.
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46. Disadvantages
Cannot be used in presence of soft tissue under
cuts ,a shallow vestibule, or high frenal
attachments.
Bracing action provided by bar clasps is less
than circumferential clasps.
Esthetic s may be affected if the patient has a
high smile line enough to expose the approach
arm as it crosses the gingiva.
May not be retentive unless the rigid elements
determine the specific path of insertion of the
prostheses.
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47. T clasp
Used in Kennedy Cl I and II
situations when an undercut is
present adjacent to the edentulous
tissues.
From the point the approach arm
turns vertically to cross the free
gingival margin and contact the
abutment two horizontal projections
arise.
One projection passes the height of
the contour and enters the undercut
and the other remains occlusal to
the height of the contour.
If the undercut is present on the
mesio facial surface this clasp
cannot be used in Kennedy Cl 1
and II partially edentulous
application.
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48. Mode of action of the T clasp
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49. Modified T clasp design
It is identical to the T
clasp except that it will
act as non retentive
horizontal projection.
Provides improved
esthetics in most of the
applications.
So used when the canines
or premolars will serve
as abutment.
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50. Y Clasp
Y clasp is formed when approach arm
terminates in the cervical third of the
abutment while the mesial and distal
projections are positioned near the occlusal
and incisal surfaces.
Mechanics are similar to T clasp.
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51. I CLASP
The approach arm
originates from the frame
work and projects
horizontally over the soft
tissues adjacent to the
abutment and a gradual
turn allows this arm to
assure vertical orientation
and cross perpendicular to
the free gingival margin.
The clasp arm contacts the
abutment that extends
from undercut to the
height of the contour.
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52. The contact area between the clasp and the
abutment 2 – 3 mm in height and 1.5 -2 mm in
width.
Commonly used in class I and class II partially
edentulous arches.
The clasp terminus in these cases should be placed
at or mesial to the mid facial prominence of the
abutment.
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53. RPI Concept
First introduced by Kratchovil and later
modified by Krol
RPI clasp assembly consists of mesio
occlusal rest with the minor connector in
the mesiolingual embrasure, a distal
guiding plane and the I bar clasp located
at the 0.01 undercut in the gingival third
of the buccal or labial surface.
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55. Survey lines
Blatterfeins classification of buccal and lingual
survey lines:
Medium survey line
High survey line
Low survey line
Diagonal survey line
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56. Medium survey line
On the buccal and lingual surface of the tooth
equidistant from the occlusal and gingival margin in
the near zone and slightly nearer the gingival margin
in the far zone.
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57. Indicates use of an occlusally approaching arm and
also gingivally approaching arm.
Various forms of bar clasps are appropriate, the length
of the bar used depending upon the resilience required
in the arm.
If a larger degree of the undercut is to be engaged
more resilience is required and the length of the bar is
increased.
It is often necessary to engage undercuts more deeply
so that the end of the clasp will be replaced nearer to
the gingival margin.
The more resilient the arm in these cases the less the
brazing effect, this factor too makes it separate
demand on bar length.
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58. Diagonal Survey line
This line lies nearer the
occlusal surface than a
gingival margin in the near
zone of the tooth but in the
far zone the opposite
condition exists and little
undercut is present.
Most commonly found on
buccal surfaces of the
canines and premolars.
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59. If an occlusally approaching arm is
preferred reverse circlet and C
clasp can be used.
When the gingival approaching
arm clasp is preferred L or T bar
clasp can be used.
If there is rather more undercut as
seen in the figure , U shaped bar
clasp can be used.
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60. High survey line
This survey line appears much
nearer to the occlusal than the
gingival surface of the tooth in
both near and far zones.
It may arise as a result of
abnormal tooth form where the
occlusal surface has a
considerably larger perimeter
than the cementoenamel junction
and where only small degree of
convexity of tooth is present.
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61. It results from the inclination of the tooth frequently
found in the lingual surface of the lower teeth and the
buccal surfaces of the upper teeth.
If occlusally approaching arm is required three arm
clasp is to be used but if the arm is to cover only one
surface of the tooth wrought wire is generally
preferred.
When high survey line results from inclined tooth it is
generally found that the opposite surface of the tooth
has little or no undercut.
Then reverse back action and back action clasps are
used.
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62. Gingivally approaching clasp arm find little
application with high survey lines that result
from tilted teeth.
In these circumstances the supporting ridge
generally confirms in its slope to that of the
tooth.
Assuming vertical path of insertion, a greater
tissue undercut exists so only gingivally
approaching clasp cannot be used.
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63. Low survey line
The survey line is traced very low in the buccal
or lingual surfaces of the teeth.
Frequently occurs in:
marked inclinations of the teeth,
High survey line associated on the opposite
surface,
Conically shaped tooth.
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64. Tooth having a low survey line cannot bear a
retentive clasp arm as:
Insufficient Under cut exists to the effective in
retaining the denture,
The clasp arm in such a undercut will be
situated near the gingival margin.
If the tooth support is adequate it is possible to
place the arm within the 1mm of gingiva, but
if the arm is thick non self cleansing area is
liable adjacent to the gingival line and if there
has been gingival recession or gingivectomy
has been done it is necessary to keep the clasp
arm above the cemento enamel junction.
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65. The tooth surface with low
survey line can always face
brazing arm which is of two
kinds:
Reciprocal arm of the
circumferential clasp
If the tooth is tilted wrought wire is
usually placed in the opposite
side.
Additional retention is required
three methods exist for obtaining
it:
Using the near proximal undercut
of the tooth,
Using the extended arm clasp,
Crowning the tooth and developing
suitable contours.
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67. Retention
Retention is the quality of the clasp assembly that
resists forces acting to dislodge components away
from the supporting tissues. Each part of the clasp
contribute to some feature of retention;
The retentive arm must be designed so that only the
clasp terminus engages the undercut.
Rest provide support maintaing the clasp terminus in
the optimal location.
Minor connector must be rigid to ensure proper
stability and function of the parts of the clasp
assembly.
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68. Reciprocal element must contact the abutment
before the retentive elementcontacts the tooth .
Components must provide encirclement to
prevent movement of the abutment away from
the assosciated clasp.
Indirect retainers must resist forces acting to
dislodge the denture.
Amount of retention provided by the clasp is
provided by factors like:
Flexibility of the direct retainer
Depth of the undercut
Location of the retentive terminal
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69. Flexibility of the clasp arm
Maximum flexibility of the retentive arm is the
greatest amount of displacement that can occur
without causing permanent deformation of the clasp
arm.
Flexibility of the retentive arm is dependent upon
Length
Diameter
Cross-sectional form
Material which the clasp is made.
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70. Length of the clasp arm
Longer the clasp arm more flexible it will
be (all the other factors being equal.)
Length of the clasp arm is measured from
the point which the uniform taper begins.
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71. Permissible flexibilities of retentive cast
circumferential and bar type clasp arms for
chromium cobalt alloys
Circumferential clasp Bar clasp
Length
(inches)
Flexibility
(inches)
Length
(inches)
Flexibility
(inches)
0-0.3
0.3-0.6
0.6-0.8
0.01
0.02
0.03
0-0.7
0.7-0.9
0.9-1.0
0.01
0.02
0.03
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72. Diameter of the clasp arm
As diameter of the clasp arm decreases flexibility
increases.
Flexibility of the half round cast clasp have shown width
to thickness ratio of 2:1 to be optimal.
Uniformly tapered clasp is more flexible than non
tapered clasp of the same proximal dimensions.
The cross sectional dimensions of the shoulder of the
clasp should be twice the cross sectional dimensions at
the clasp terminus.
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73. Cross section form of the clasp
A circular cross sectional clasp form
imparts omni directional flexure while
a half round forms allows only bi
directional flexure.
Clasps exhibiting circular cross section
may permit dissipation of the
detrimental forces during functional
movement of the prosthesis as it flexes
in all spatial planes.
Half round clasp flexes in a plane
perpendicular to the flat surface so
stress dissipation is limited.
As a result retentive clasp in circular
form provides advantages.
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74. Material used for clasp arm
Alloys exhibiting greater elastic moduli exhibit
greater stiffness and vis versa.
Cobalt chromium and nickel chromium alloys
have higher elastic moduli than gold alloys.
Clasps made from chromium alloys are rigid, so
gold alloys provide a good flexibility ;but are
quite expensive, so a wrought wire alloy can be
used when greater flexibility is required.
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75. Wrought wire produced by drawing a cast
metal through the die. This process produces
elongation of alloy crystalline micro
structure which imparts greater flexibility
than a conventional crystalline structure.
Flexibility of wrought wire diminished if the
material is allowed to re crystallize which
can occur as a result of cold working and
heating a wrought structure.
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76. Location of clasp terminus
It is related to height of contour and may be
described in two dimensions :
Horizontal,
Vertical.
The position of a clasp terminus with regard to
this dimensions will influence the retentive
forces exerted by the clasp and this process is
accomplished using surveyor.
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77. Height of the contour can be traced on to the
surface of the cast by surveyor and the survey
line separates the supra bulge and infra bulge
portions of the abutments.
The infra bulge portions represent the
mechanical undercuts in the clasp terminus is
positioned into the undercut and the proper
position of the clasp terminus can be identified
by measuring the undercuts using the undercut
gauzes.
They are available in .01,.02,.03 configurations.
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78. Depth of the undercut
The amount of the undercut used in given
situation depends on many factors:
Keeping all other clasp related factors constant,
position of the clasp terminus at the greater
horizontal undercut will result in increased
retentive force.
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79. Angle of gingival convergence
Angle formed between
the analyzing rod and
tooth surface apical to
the height of the contour.
Angle of gingival
convergence becomes
greater , force required
from the removal of the
abutment becomes
greater.
This may provide
advantages or
disadvantages depending
on the clinical situation.
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80. If a severe angle of gingival convergence is
present recon touring the tooth surface to
reduce the angle or placing the clasp terminus
in the smaller undercuts can be done both are
directed at maintaining an optimal retentive
force for chosen clasp assembly
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