Respiratory Physiology

•Download as PPT, PDF•

2 likes•2,724 views

The document describes the normal respiratory cycle and gas exchange in the lungs. During inhalation, air enters the mouth and flows through the upper airways, lower airways, and into the alveoli. Oxygen diffuses into the blood in the alveoli while carbon dioxide diffuses out. Various volumes are involved including tidal volume, vital capacity, and residual volume. The relationship between these volumes and pressures allows for gas exchange through diffusion while also keeping the alveoli open.

Health & Medicine

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The relationship between these volumes and breathing

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],} Anatomic Dead Space

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Protein B Protein D

P AO2 = (760 mmHg - 47 mmHg) * FIO 2 - P art CO 2 / 0.8

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Supply of oxygen to tissues mainly involves two systems i.e. respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. Supply of oxygen to tissues depends upon Adequate PO2 in atmospheric air Adequate pulmonary ventilation Adequate gaseous exchange in the lungs Adequate uptake of oxygen by the blood Adequate blood flow to the tissues Adequate ability of the tissues to utilize oxygen Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillary blood because the oxygen partial pressure (Po2) in the alveoli is greater than the Po2 in the pulmonary capillary blood. In the other tissues of the body, a higher Po2 in the capillary blood than in the tissues causes oxygen to diffuse into the surrounding cells. The Po2 of the gaseous oxygen in the alveolus averages 104 mm Hg, whereas the Po2 of the venous blood entering the pulmonary capillary at its arterial end averages only 40 mm Hg Therefore, the initial pressure difference that causes oxygen to diffuse into the pulmonary capillary is 104 – 40, or 64 mm Hg. About 98 percent of the blood that enters the left atrium from the lungs has just passed through the alveolar capillaries and has become oxygenated up to a Po2 of about 104 mm Hg. Another 2 per cent of the blood which supplies mainly the deep tissues of the lungs and is not exposed to lung air. This blood flow is called “shunt flow,” meaning that blood is shunted past the gas exchange areas One gram of Hb can bind 1.34 ml of Oxygen Normal level of Hb is 15 grams/dL Thus 15 grams of hemoglobin in 100 milliliters of blood can combine with a total of almost exactly 20 milliliters of oxygen if the hemoglobin is 100 per cent saturated This is usually expressed as 20 volumes per cent Hemoglobin is a conjugated protein consisting of heme and globin. The ferrous form can bind oxygen. Hemoglobin molecule consists of four subunits each consists of one heme and one polypeptide chain Each subunit can bind one molecule of Oxygen Oxygenation is a very rapid and reversible process and it can occur in 0.01 seconds When PO2 is high, oxygen binds with Hb to form Oxyhemoglbin When PO2 is low oxygen leaves Hb to form Deoxy Hb. Factors that shift the oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve

Oxygen dissociation curve

DIVYA JAIN

Oxygen cascade & therapy

Dr. Taraknath Chatterjee

Anatomy of tracheobronchial treeDhritiman Chakrabarti

Cardiac physiology

Mahtab Ansari

Regulation of Acid Base Balance

Abhirup Sarkar

Anatomy of the liver and effect of anaesthetic drugs on liverDhritiman Chakrabarti

Mechanics of breathing

Sathish Rajamani

Burns And ANAESTHESIA

ahmeddam

Respiratory Physiology & Respiratory Function During AnesthesiaDang Thanh Tuan

Dynamics of pulmonary circulation. pulmonary edema

rashidrmc

Surface tension, compliance, Air way resistance, Diffusion

Sai Sailesh Kumar Goothy

Non respiratory functions of lungs

Ali Faris

Shock (Circulatory shock)

Amith W A

Co2transport

Sai Sailesh Kumar Goothy

3. gaseous exchangeChristopher Morgan

Respiratory Physiology

Alvin Alvarez

What's hot

11.17.08(c): Pulmonary Blood Flow

Open.Michigan

physiological dead space and its measurementsmeducationdotnet

Pulmonary surfactant

zulujunior

Deep sea diving and effects of increased barometricYogesh Ramasamy

Pulmonary Flow Volume Loops.. Dr.Padmesh

Dr Padmesh Vadakepat

Transport of oxygen (the guyton and hall physiology)

Maryam Fida

Oxygen dissociation curve

DIVYA JAIN

Oxygen cascade & therapy

Dr. Taraknath Chatterjee

Anatomy of tracheobronchial treeDhritiman Chakrabarti

Cardiac physiology

Mahtab Ansari

Regulation of Acid Base Balance

Abhirup Sarkar

Anatomy of the liver and effect of anaesthetic drugs on liverDhritiman Chakrabarti

Mechanics of breathing

Sathish Rajamani

Burns And ANAESTHESIA

ahmeddam

Respiratory Physiology & Respiratory Function During AnesthesiaDang Thanh Tuan

Dynamics of pulmonary circulation. pulmonary edema

rashidrmc

Surface tension, compliance, Air way resistance, Diffusion

Sai Sailesh Kumar Goothy

Non respiratory functions of lungs

Ali Faris

Shock (Circulatory shock)

Amith W A

Co2transport

Sai Sailesh Kumar Goothy

What's hot (20)

11.17.08(c): Pulmonary Blood Flow

physiological dead space and its measurements

Pulmonary surfactant

Deep sea diving and effects of increased barometric

Pulmonary Flow Volume Loops.. Dr.Padmesh

Transport of oxygen (the guyton and hall physiology)

Oxygen dissociation curve

Oxygen cascade & therapy

Anatomy of tracheobronchial tree

Cardiac physiology

Regulation of Acid Base Balance

Anatomy of the liver and effect of anaesthetic drugs on liver

Mechanics of breathing

Burns And ANAESTHESIA

Respiratory Physiology & Respiratory Function During Anesthesia

Dynamics of pulmonary circulation. pulmonary edema

Surface tension, compliance, Air way resistance, Diffusion

Non respiratory functions of lungs

Shock (Circulatory shock)

Co2transport

Similar to Respiratory Physiology

3. gaseous exchangeChristopher Morgan

Respiratory Physiology

Alvin Alvarez

Physiology of Respiratory System.pptx

AmyLalringhluani

Physiology of lungligi xavier

RESPIRATORY PHYSIOlogy presentation anaesthesia

NarayaniSantosh

The respiratory systemVanja Drljevic

Physio chapter 13 lungs

daanesh88

3 leyes de los gases

Zailed Gonzalez

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESP. SYSTEM 2023.pptx

SakinaAminu

Ventilators Harshita89

Respirationbiobuddy

Sam ppt on effect of anaesthesia on respiratory system

Ranjana Meena

Pathophysiology of hypoxic respiratory failureAndrew Ferguson

Pathophysiology of acute respiratory failuremeducationdotnet

Oxygenation StatusAmelia Monteiro

Respiratory system ......

Banaras Hindu University

Capnonography explained for EMS

Ed Gonzalez

breathing and exchange of gases

IHIS

Respiratory system ppt

BalajiBscRT

Respiratory Systemlevouge777

Similar to Respiratory Physiology (20)

3. gaseous exchange

Respiratory Physiology

Physiology of Respiratory System.pptx

Physiology of lung

RESPIRATORY PHYSIOlogy presentation anaesthesia

The respiratory system

Physio chapter 13 lungs

3 leyes de los gases

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESP. SYSTEM 2023.pptx

Ventilators

Respiration

Sam ppt on effect of anaesthesia on respiratory system

Pathophysiology of hypoxic respiratory failure

Pathophysiology of acute respiratory failure

Oxygenation Status

Respiratory system ......

Capnonography explained for EMS

breathing and exchange of gases

Respiratory system ppt

Respiratory System

Recently uploaded

POST OPERATIVE OLIGURIA and its management

touseefaziz1

Charaka Samhita Sutra sthana Chapter 15 Upakalpaniyaadhyaya

Dr KHALID B.M

24 Upakrama.pptx class ppt useful in all

DrSathishMS1

Ocular injury ppt Upendra pal optometrist upums saifai etawah

pal078100

basicmodesofventilation2022-220313203758.pdf

aljamhori teaching hospital

Phone Us ❤85270-49040❤ #ℂall #gIRLS In Surat By Surat @ℂall @Girls Hotel With...

Savita Shen $i11

New Drug Discovery and Development .....

NEHA GUPTA

The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.

The Normal Electrocardiogram - Part I of II

MedicoseAcademics

These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram. Learning objectives: 1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography 2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG 3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II) 4. Differentiate between intervals and segments 5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG Study Resources: 1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition 2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition 3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition 4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/ 5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition 6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics

Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam

KafrELShiekh University

TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...

kevinkariuki227

Maxilla, Mandible & Hyoid Bone & Clinical Correlations by Dr. RIG.pptx

Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore

BRACHYTHERAPY OVERVIEW AND APPLICATORS

Krishan Murari

Prix Galien International 2024 Forum Program

Levi Shapiro

June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels: - ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING - WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION - WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS, ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES? - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS - GENE THERAPY - BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE - ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES - Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony

Non-respiratory Functions of the Lungs.pdf

MedicoseAcademics

These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract. Learning objectives: 1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract 2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out 3. Discuss the significance of dead space 4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation 5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes Study Resources: 1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition 2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition 3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition 4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874

Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf

MedicoseAcademics

Title: Sense of Smell Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology Qualifications: MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore) FCPS Physiology ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU) MPH (GC University, Faisalabad) MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan) Learning Objectives: Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness. Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction. Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain. Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential. Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes. Key Topics: Olfactory Genes: 3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes. 400 genes for odorant receptors. Olfactory Membrane: Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity. Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum. Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate. Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters. Olfactory Mucosa: Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell. Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment. Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months. Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus. Stimulation of Olfactory Cells: Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia. Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve. Quality of a Good Odorant: Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble. Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus. Membrane Potential and Action Potential: Resting membrane potential: -55mV. Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength. Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell: Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation. Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system. Primary Sensations of Smell: Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid. Odor Detection Threshold: Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm). Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations. Characteristics of Smell: Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein. Behavioral and emotional influences of smell. Transmission of Olfactory Signals: From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition. Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path

How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx

FFragrant

Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdf

vimalpl1234

Evaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animals

Shweta

Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...

VarunMahajani

Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx

Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore

Recently uploaded (20)

POST OPERATIVE OLIGURIA and its management

Charaka Samhita Sutra sthana Chapter 15 Upakalpaniyaadhyaya

24 Upakrama.pptx class ppt useful in all

Ocular injury ppt Upendra pal optometrist upums saifai etawah

basicmodesofventilation2022-220313203758.pdf

Phone Us ❤85270-49040❤ #ℂall #gIRLS In Surat By Surat @ℂall @Girls Hotel With...

New Drug Discovery and Development .....

The Normal Electrocardiogram - Part I of II

Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam

TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...

Maxilla, Mandible & Hyoid Bone & Clinical Correlations by Dr. RIG.pptx

BRACHYTHERAPY OVERVIEW AND APPLICATORS

Prix Galien International 2024 Forum Program

Non-respiratory Functions of the Lungs.pdf

Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf

How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx

Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdf

Evaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animals

Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...

Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx