IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Research issues and priorities in the field of agriculture sector and dairy s...eSAT Journals
Abstract Indian Agriculture is an economic symbiosis of crop production and animal rearing. In India 70 percent population and their livelihood is depending upon the agriculture. Same scenario is applicable for Tripura as well as the same North East India. Agriculture is an important sector in the economy of the North East Region (NER), with its share in state domestic product (SDP) ranging from 19 percent to 37 percent in different states. In Tripura the total population of 70% population and their livelihood is dependents on the agriculture. The paper contributes to the effectual research is very necessary and their implacability to continued development process in agriculture at Tripura. On the other aspects is animal, husbandry which is really substitute occupation for agriculture. one is dependent on another. Animal Husbandry is a state subject and the State Governments are primarily responsible for the growth of the sector. The Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries has, however, been operating 30 Central Livestock Organizations and allied Institutions for production and distribution of superior germ plasms to the State Governments for cross breeding and genetic upgradation of the stocks. Besides, the Department has been implementing 11 Central Sector and Centrally Sponsored Schemes for the development of requisite infrastructure and supplementing the efforts of the State Governments for achieving the accelerated growth of animal husbandry sector. The study mainly focuses the issues of problems ,present status of animal husbandry and agriculture sector in Tripura. Keyword: Animal Husbandry, crossbreed Cattle, Research Priorities, Sri (System Rice intensification) etc.
This document proposes establishing a national agricultural information system in India. It summarizes the current fragmented systems and outlines a proposed centralized system with a National Agricultural Library at the top. The library would coordinate collection, organization, dissemination and translation of all agricultural literature and data in India. It would provide services and advise the government. The system would link to international databases and ensure information flows from research to farmers. A two-tier network of the national library plus institutional libraries is recommended to maximize access and support for all agricultural stakeholders.
Optimum combination of farm enterprises among smallholder farmers in umuahia ...Alexander Decker
The document presents the results of a study that used linear programming to determine the optimal combination of farm enterprises for smallholder farmers in Umuahia Agricultural Zone, Abia State, Nigeria. A sample of 30 farmers was used to develop a model that maximized gross margin subject to resource constraints. The optimal plan included one crop enterprise, two crop mixtures, and two livestock enterprises. Sensitivity analysis found that increasing land by 25% increased gross margin by 13.48%, while increasing labor by 25% increased gross margin by 3.04%. The study recommends adopting more land and labor-saving technologies to improve farm production.
This document discusses a proposed system called the Farmer's Analytical Assistant, which aims to help farmers in India maximize crop yields through predictive analysis and recommendations. It analyzes agricultural data on factors like soil properties, rainfall, and past crop performance using machine learning techniques to predict optimal crops for different regions based on the environmental conditions. The proposed system would allow farmers to input local data, receive personalized yield predictions and crop suggestions, and get advice from experts online. The methodology section describes how climate/rainfall and soil data is collected and analyzed using machine learning models to provide crop recommendations. The goal is to improve upon traditional crop selection methods and help increase farmers' incomes.
This document summarizes a study on the technical efficiency of rice production among local farmers in Merauke Regency, Papua, Indonesia. It finds that the rice production of local farmers is not technically efficient, with 99% of inefficiency due to human/managerial factors. Technical inefficiency decreases with larger family size, and local farmers who own land are more efficient than those who do not. The Marind tribe is also found to be more efficient than other local tribes. The level of technical efficiency among farmers ranges from 34-99%.
Participatory agricultural production constraint analysis was conducted in AGP-II project supported district; Biyo-Awale district from Dire Dawa Adminisrative Councile (DDAC) of Ethiopia with the objective to assess agricultural production constraints of the target community in the study area. The study was used Participatory Rural Appraisals (PRA) approach to collect and generate the required data and infortation. The study used PRA tools which included reviewing secondary data, focus group discussions, pair-wise ranking, and field observation. Results of PRA study revealed that the main crop production constraints facing the study area are shortage of improved crop varieties for cereal and horticultural crops, pest infestation (weeds, crop disease, and insects), moisture stress due to eratic rainfall distribution and inadequate moisture management practices. The PRA study also revealed that crop production was constraints facing are drought, deforestation, depletion of water resource and declining of soil fertility. The PRA study further indicates shortage of financial capital, and inadequate support in the income source diversification have been identified as major institutiona constraints that are limiting the capacity of the communities to diversify their livelihoods. Hence, there is need for research, development and institutional interventions to alleviate the identified constraints to crop production and socioeconomic in the study area through holistic approach.
Impact Assessment of Horticulture Development on Socio Economic Conditions in...ijtsrd
This document discusses the impact of horticulture development on the socio-economic conditions in Shopian district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It finds that growth in horticulture has largely and positively impacted socio-economic standards in the region. Households with more family members engaged in horticulture had higher incomes and literacy rates. Most respondents' primary source of income was horticulture. Over 95% of surveyed households owned their homes, indicating positive changes to living standards from horticulture development. The study reveals horticulture's potential to boost socio-economic conditions in the region.
Mobile phone an instrument of disseminating requisite agricultural informat...eSAT Journals
Abstract Bangladesh is densely an over populated country where a large number of people (more than 60 percent) are still living their livelihood directly or indirectly through the agro based jobs. The environment is very much favorable for agriculture. The contribution of agricultural sector to GDP is 20.60% In this regard, if the initiatives are been taken to provide the right farmers with the right information by the right way at the right time within the least cost, the success will be definite. Decision making is a very crucial part in every activity to be performed in an excellent manner. Any system applied for getting information and knowledge for making decisions in any industry should deliver accurate, complete, concise information in time or on time. The information provided by the system must be in user-friendly form, easy to access, cost-effective and well protected from unauthorized accesses. And to ensure all these there is no alternative other than telecommunication and networking technologies. Different collaboration and communication tools are available to share information throughout the world to ensure improved decision making. And those tools are also playing an important role to disseminate agricultural information. Mobile phone is one of the most popular electronic media among the natives of this country for news and information. Mobile phones significantly reduce communication and information costs for the rural poor in developing countries. This not only provides new opportunities for rural farmers to obtain access to information on agricultural technologies, but also to use ICTs (Information and communication technologies) in agricultural extension systems. Since 2007, there has been a proliferation of mobile phone based applications and services in the agricultural sector, providing information on market prices, weather, transport and agricultural techniques via voice, short message service (SMS) and internet. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the contribution of mobile phones on the dissemination of agricultural information for the farmers for their agricultural enrichment with emphasis on analyzing quantitative data gathered in a survey using a structured questionnaire that was generated on the basis of my theoretical study. Findings indicate a positive curve towards the dependency on and contribution of mobile phones. Keywords: Agricultural Information, Mobile Phones in Bangladesh, Agricultural Information Service (AIS), Technology Adoption, E-agriculture.
Research issues and priorities in the field of agriculture sector and dairy s...eSAT Journals
Abstract Indian Agriculture is an economic symbiosis of crop production and animal rearing. In India 70 percent population and their livelihood is depending upon the agriculture. Same scenario is applicable for Tripura as well as the same North East India. Agriculture is an important sector in the economy of the North East Region (NER), with its share in state domestic product (SDP) ranging from 19 percent to 37 percent in different states. In Tripura the total population of 70% population and their livelihood is dependents on the agriculture. The paper contributes to the effectual research is very necessary and their implacability to continued development process in agriculture at Tripura. On the other aspects is animal, husbandry which is really substitute occupation for agriculture. one is dependent on another. Animal Husbandry is a state subject and the State Governments are primarily responsible for the growth of the sector. The Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries has, however, been operating 30 Central Livestock Organizations and allied Institutions for production and distribution of superior germ plasms to the State Governments for cross breeding and genetic upgradation of the stocks. Besides, the Department has been implementing 11 Central Sector and Centrally Sponsored Schemes for the development of requisite infrastructure and supplementing the efforts of the State Governments for achieving the accelerated growth of animal husbandry sector. The study mainly focuses the issues of problems ,present status of animal husbandry and agriculture sector in Tripura. Keyword: Animal Husbandry, crossbreed Cattle, Research Priorities, Sri (System Rice intensification) etc.
This document proposes establishing a national agricultural information system in India. It summarizes the current fragmented systems and outlines a proposed centralized system with a National Agricultural Library at the top. The library would coordinate collection, organization, dissemination and translation of all agricultural literature and data in India. It would provide services and advise the government. The system would link to international databases and ensure information flows from research to farmers. A two-tier network of the national library plus institutional libraries is recommended to maximize access and support for all agricultural stakeholders.
Optimum combination of farm enterprises among smallholder farmers in umuahia ...Alexander Decker
The document presents the results of a study that used linear programming to determine the optimal combination of farm enterprises for smallholder farmers in Umuahia Agricultural Zone, Abia State, Nigeria. A sample of 30 farmers was used to develop a model that maximized gross margin subject to resource constraints. The optimal plan included one crop enterprise, two crop mixtures, and two livestock enterprises. Sensitivity analysis found that increasing land by 25% increased gross margin by 13.48%, while increasing labor by 25% increased gross margin by 3.04%. The study recommends adopting more land and labor-saving technologies to improve farm production.
This document discusses a proposed system called the Farmer's Analytical Assistant, which aims to help farmers in India maximize crop yields through predictive analysis and recommendations. It analyzes agricultural data on factors like soil properties, rainfall, and past crop performance using machine learning techniques to predict optimal crops for different regions based on the environmental conditions. The proposed system would allow farmers to input local data, receive personalized yield predictions and crop suggestions, and get advice from experts online. The methodology section describes how climate/rainfall and soil data is collected and analyzed using machine learning models to provide crop recommendations. The goal is to improve upon traditional crop selection methods and help increase farmers' incomes.
This document summarizes a study on the technical efficiency of rice production among local farmers in Merauke Regency, Papua, Indonesia. It finds that the rice production of local farmers is not technically efficient, with 99% of inefficiency due to human/managerial factors. Technical inefficiency decreases with larger family size, and local farmers who own land are more efficient than those who do not. The Marind tribe is also found to be more efficient than other local tribes. The level of technical efficiency among farmers ranges from 34-99%.
Participatory agricultural production constraint analysis was conducted in AGP-II project supported district; Biyo-Awale district from Dire Dawa Adminisrative Councile (DDAC) of Ethiopia with the objective to assess agricultural production constraints of the target community in the study area. The study was used Participatory Rural Appraisals (PRA) approach to collect and generate the required data and infortation. The study used PRA tools which included reviewing secondary data, focus group discussions, pair-wise ranking, and field observation. Results of PRA study revealed that the main crop production constraints facing the study area are shortage of improved crop varieties for cereal and horticultural crops, pest infestation (weeds, crop disease, and insects), moisture stress due to eratic rainfall distribution and inadequate moisture management practices. The PRA study also revealed that crop production was constraints facing are drought, deforestation, depletion of water resource and declining of soil fertility. The PRA study further indicates shortage of financial capital, and inadequate support in the income source diversification have been identified as major institutiona constraints that are limiting the capacity of the communities to diversify their livelihoods. Hence, there is need for research, development and institutional interventions to alleviate the identified constraints to crop production and socioeconomic in the study area through holistic approach.
Impact Assessment of Horticulture Development on Socio Economic Conditions in...ijtsrd
This document discusses the impact of horticulture development on the socio-economic conditions in Shopian district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It finds that growth in horticulture has largely and positively impacted socio-economic standards in the region. Households with more family members engaged in horticulture had higher incomes and literacy rates. Most respondents' primary source of income was horticulture. Over 95% of surveyed households owned their homes, indicating positive changes to living standards from horticulture development. The study reveals horticulture's potential to boost socio-economic conditions in the region.
Mobile phone an instrument of disseminating requisite agricultural informat...eSAT Journals
Abstract Bangladesh is densely an over populated country where a large number of people (more than 60 percent) are still living their livelihood directly or indirectly through the agro based jobs. The environment is very much favorable for agriculture. The contribution of agricultural sector to GDP is 20.60% In this regard, if the initiatives are been taken to provide the right farmers with the right information by the right way at the right time within the least cost, the success will be definite. Decision making is a very crucial part in every activity to be performed in an excellent manner. Any system applied for getting information and knowledge for making decisions in any industry should deliver accurate, complete, concise information in time or on time. The information provided by the system must be in user-friendly form, easy to access, cost-effective and well protected from unauthorized accesses. And to ensure all these there is no alternative other than telecommunication and networking technologies. Different collaboration and communication tools are available to share information throughout the world to ensure improved decision making. And those tools are also playing an important role to disseminate agricultural information. Mobile phone is one of the most popular electronic media among the natives of this country for news and information. Mobile phones significantly reduce communication and information costs for the rural poor in developing countries. This not only provides new opportunities for rural farmers to obtain access to information on agricultural technologies, but also to use ICTs (Information and communication technologies) in agricultural extension systems. Since 2007, there has been a proliferation of mobile phone based applications and services in the agricultural sector, providing information on market prices, weather, transport and agricultural techniques via voice, short message service (SMS) and internet. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the contribution of mobile phones on the dissemination of agricultural information for the farmers for their agricultural enrichment with emphasis on analyzing quantitative data gathered in a survey using a structured questionnaire that was generated on the basis of my theoretical study. Findings indicate a positive curve towards the dependency on and contribution of mobile phones. Keywords: Agricultural Information, Mobile Phones in Bangladesh, Agricultural Information Service (AIS), Technology Adoption, E-agriculture.
APPLICATION OF GOAL PROGRAMMING APPROACH ON FINDING AN OPTIMAL LAND ALLOCATIO...orajjournal
Agriculture is the main contribution to the rural economy of Sri Lanka. This study is carried on finding optimal land allocation for cultivation using goal programming approach. Five crops namely Cowpea, Black gram, Finger Millet, Maize and Soya Bean were selected to the study. This land allocation is for
Anuradhapura District since it is the major agricultural district in Sri Lanka. Preemptive Goal Programming method is used in finding the optimal land allocation. Three goals are considered according to their priorities to seek the optimal solution. MS Excel Solver is used to implement the linear model. The
data was collected from Annual Reports of Department of Agriculture. According to the final results obtained by goal programming approach, all five crops are reached their expected production. But the extent in yala(Dry Season) and maha(Rainy Season) season is changed. Overall result shows that new allocation exceeds the production and profit as well as minimizing the production cost. This mathematical
model can easily be used on any other crop in any district by changing the variable coefficients and constraint values
Eligibility criteria for B.Sc Agricultureutpalkamat
The document discusses the BSc Agriculture degree in India. It is a 4-year undergraduate program that focuses on agricultural science disciplines like genetics, microbiology, and soil science. It is offered by agricultural universities approved by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and provides training to implement modern agricultural techniques. Graduates can pursue careers as agricultural scientists, research officers, farm managers, or in quality assurance and banking sectors. The average starting salary is between 3 to 6 lakh rupees annually.
This document analyzes the embedded energy of on-farm losses and energy flow for maize production in Nigeria. The total energy input for maize production was estimated at 9,502 MJ/ha, with fertilizer accounting for 58% of energy use. The total energy output was 33,510 MJ/ha. The embedded energy in on-farm maize losses for 2000-2012 was estimated at 6,816 MJ, with losses highest in 2012 at 1,995 MJ. Improving efficiency could help reduce energy losses from wasted maize.
USE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM BY FARMERS FOR IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY IN K...ijcseit
This paper shows the use of management information system by farmers for improve productivity in Kayah
state in Myanmar. The objective is to give first a brief overview why MIS is important in the farming sector.
Secondly the paper is aiming on the development of a FMIS that depicts all production processes and their
internal interconnections of a farm accurately. Thirdly this paper mentions what is agricultural
information management and why is it important? Furthermore, the MIS has to allow farmers to easily access all information which are crucial for the farm’s profitability. Finally this paper aims on highlighting
effective issues of management information system and what farmers and researchers have to consider during the implementation process.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ONTOLOGY BASED ON SEMANTIC ANALYSIS FOR GIS APPL...cscpconf
The Agricultural Census information is a leading source of facts and figures about a country’s
agricultural development. Such information is used by many who provide services to farmers
and rural communities including federal, state and local governments, agribusinesses etc. Also
such information when integrated with other agricultural surveys and statistics can help in
monitoring progress towards the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of a
country. But such huge volumes of census data are available at various geo-spatial portals
either in proprietary formats like shape files, .dat files etc or in form of database tables, word
documents, PDF’s etc. In order to do analysis or to just see the progress of a particular area
such huge datasheets have to be scanned. This paper provides solutions to various problems
related to Geo-spatial Agricultural Census data in three aspects: (1) Storage / Organization of
census data using enhanced methods such as ontologies. (2) Visualization of data using Google Maps and Column Charts. (3) Analysis of data using interactive methods like Column Charts
An Empirical Study on Awareness and Utilization of Agriculture Subsidies by t...inventionjournals
This document summarizes an empirical study on the awareness and utilization of agriculture subsidies by farmers in the Palladam area of India. It finds that over 39% of respondents were aged 41-50, 70% were male, and the majority had secondary level education or less. Most respondents owned 5-10 acres of land and cultivated 50-70% of it. The main sources of awareness about subsidies were agro centers (34.7%) and government officials (23.3%). Cooperative banks (34.7%) and agro centers (25.3%) provided the most assistance in availing subsidies. The study found irrigation subsidies to be the most known (mean of 2.15), while export subsidies were least known (mean
This document summarizes a study on the profitability and production efficiency of small-scale maize production in Niger State, Nigeria. The study found that maize production was profitable, with an average net farm income of 48,109 Naira per hectare. Production costs were 77.9% of total costs, with labor as the largest cost. The production efficiency index of 2.50 indicated that returns exceeded costs by 150%, showing profitability. While profitable, the study recommended increasing farm size and production to enhance profits further. Improving access to farmland, education, credit, and extension services were also suggested to improve profitability of small-scale maize production in the area.
This 3-sentence summary provides the key details from the document:
The document summarizes observations from the 2nd National SRI Symposium held in Agartala, Tripura, India in October 2007, which brought together over 250 participants from across India and other countries to discuss the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method. Presentations at the symposium showed SRI leading to higher yields as well as improvements in water savings, costs, profits, and stress resistance compared to conventional rice cultivation methods. State and national governments in India have begun supporting the expansion of SRI in response to its potential to improve rice production while reducing water usage.
This document summarizes a study on the public distribution system (PDS) in India and its implications for poverty and food security. It provides background on the PDS and outlines the study's data sources and methodology. The study finds that over time, access to the PDS expanded significantly across India as the ratio of market to PDS prices increased. The PDS was also found to be generally inclusive of disadvantaged groups. The study estimates the PDS contributed to reductions in poverty and calorie deficiency, particularly for vulnerable groups. Participation in the PDS was determined by various demographic and socioeconomic factors.
Perception of Cattle Herdsmen on the use of Information and Communication Tec...AI Publications
The study was carried out to investigate the perception of cattle herdsmen on the use of information and communication technology in management practice in Akinyele local government of Oyo state. Multistage sampling procedure was used for the study. A total of 164 questionnaire were administered and 135questionnaires were retrieved. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using the frequency table, simple percentage, chi square and PPMC (Pearson product moment of correlation).97.8% and 2.2% respectively represent the percentage of male and female respondent. The ages of the respondents were 56years and above (3.7%), 46-55years (5.2%), 36-45years (43.7%), 26-35years (32.6%), 15-25years (14.8%). Majority of the respondents (45.2%) and (72.6%) get information from television and radio set respectively. The result obtained showed that majority of the respondents (63.0%) strongly agreed that the use of ICT promotes productivity while 33.3% of the respondent agreed. Also, 47.4% of the respondent agreed that perception of cattle rearing to the use of ICT for management practices promote farming, 40.7% of the respondent strongly agreed.From the research, respondents see poor power supply, economic barrier, level of education as major constraint.PPMC shows that there was significant relationship between constraints to the use of various ICT tools and perception of the herdsmen (r= 0.944, p=0.000), the level of perception of the herdsmen and the entire hypothesis tested were all significant. Effort should be made by government to improve ways by which the recommended ICT tools can get to the herdsmen so as to enhance their production.
Attitude and Academic Success in Practical Agriculture: Evidence from Public ...Olutosin Ademola Otekunrin
This study examined the attitude and academic performance of public single-sex (Boys’ and Girls’ only) high school students in the teaching and learning of Agricultural Science in the aspect of practical knowledge of Agriculture. We investigated whether there were significant differences in the mean achievement test scores of students in practical Agriculture in the selected schools. We also examined the relationship between their academic performance in practical agriculture and their attitude to the subject. The study was a descriptive survey design carried out at Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. Six public single-sex (Boys’ and Girls’ only) schools were randomly selected from three Local Government Areas (LGAs) within Ibadan Zone comprising eleven LGAs in 2018.
Sixty-nine Senior Secondary School (SSS III) students were randomly selected in Boys’ only (3) schools while ninety-seven students were randomly selected in Girls’ only (3) schools giving a total of 166 students that participated in this study. Practical Agricultural Science Students’ Achievement Test (PASSAT) and Students’ Attitude towards Practical Agriculture Questionnaire (SATPAGQ) were used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Oneway Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Multiple Comparison techniques and t-test for equality of means. The ANOVA test was significant (p = .00). Post Hoc (Tukey HSD) test, a multiple comparison technique on the ANOVA showed that PASSAT mean scores obtained by one Girls’ only school was significantly different from one Boys’ only schools another two Girls’ only schools’ mean scores at 5% significant level. It was found that availability of school farm, use of instructional materials were not enough to bring about significant boost in academic success in PASSAT especially in three of the schools with less than average mean scores of 34.51, 40.23 and 44.07. The study therefore recommended that government and relevant stakeholders (Parents- Teachers Association, Old Boys’ and Girls’ Association among others) should provide human resources and needed infrastructural facilities for effective teaching and learning of Agricultural Science in both single-sex and Co-educational schools for better academic performance.
Unicef's case study ivrs-processdocumentationreportstripathi_99
The document discusses the implementation of an Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) to monitor the Mid-Day Meal Scheme in Uttar Pradesh, India. The IVRS system places automated calls to school headmasters daily to record the number of children who received meals. This provides real-time meal attendance data across 1.52 lakh schools, addressing issues with the previous monthly reporting system. The IVRS has improved monitoring, accountability, and compliance with the scheme, which provides critical nutrition to over 150 million children daily.
The document provides a quarterly bulletin on the National Horticulture Mission (NHM) in India for October-December 2013. It summarizes the following key information:
- Rs. 1526.71 crore has been released for NHM so far in 2013-14, including Rs. 1403.55 crore to State Horticulture Missions and Rs. 123.16 crore to National Level Agencies.
- A total area of 103,977 hectares was brought under horticultural crops during this period. Major expansions occurred in Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Karnataka.
- Key achievements include the establishment of 1,923 pack houses,
Resource Infrastructure Facilities and its Management in Thiruvarur District ...IJERA Editor
The present study on “Effective Resources, Infrastructure facilities” and its management in Tiruvarur district”, Tiruvarur district a first grade municipal town in TamilNadu, is located 60 km east of Thanjavur, and it is a district headquarter town. The strategic location of this district to nearby urban centers Well connected by national highway, state highway and major district road and Railway junction too. Tiruvarur district forms part of eastern coastal plain of TamilNadu. It is surrounded on north and east by newly carved out district of Nagapattinam, on the south by pack-starit and on the west by its parent ie. Thanjavur. The infrastructure facilities available in Tiruvarur district. In the year 2014, urbanization pattern, transportation, urban services, like water supply, medical facilities, industrial development, education wise analyzed. In this study mainly for infrastructural facilities and other important places are discussed in this study.
This document provides an overview and methodology for a value chain analysis study of select horticultural crops in the North Eastern region of India. The study aims to map the value chains of six focus crop groups - ginger/turmeric, citrus, pineapple, Naga chilli, vegetables, and other location-specific crops. Both secondary and primary research was conducted, including literature reviews, focus group discussions with farmers and traders, and interviews with stakeholders. The methodology involved identifying production clusters, mapping the movement of crops and price changes from farm to market, and analyzing challenges and opportunities to develop recommendations for strengthening the value chains.
This document describes a computer-aided diagnosis system for detecting liver cancer in early stages from CT chest images. The system uses a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for classification. It involves preprocessing the CT image through segmentation, noise removal and morphological operations. Features are then extracted and classified using HMM. The system achieved a high detection rate of 96.5% on 100 cases, outperforming other methods. This automated early detection system could help reduce risks for liver cancer patients by enabling earlier medical treatment.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Enhanced equally distributed load balancing algorithm for cloud computingeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Accelerted testing of deteriorated concrete structures due to carbonationeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
APPLICATION OF GOAL PROGRAMMING APPROACH ON FINDING AN OPTIMAL LAND ALLOCATIO...orajjournal
Agriculture is the main contribution to the rural economy of Sri Lanka. This study is carried on finding optimal land allocation for cultivation using goal programming approach. Five crops namely Cowpea, Black gram, Finger Millet, Maize and Soya Bean were selected to the study. This land allocation is for
Anuradhapura District since it is the major agricultural district in Sri Lanka. Preemptive Goal Programming method is used in finding the optimal land allocation. Three goals are considered according to their priorities to seek the optimal solution. MS Excel Solver is used to implement the linear model. The
data was collected from Annual Reports of Department of Agriculture. According to the final results obtained by goal programming approach, all five crops are reached their expected production. But the extent in yala(Dry Season) and maha(Rainy Season) season is changed. Overall result shows that new allocation exceeds the production and profit as well as minimizing the production cost. This mathematical
model can easily be used on any other crop in any district by changing the variable coefficients and constraint values
Eligibility criteria for B.Sc Agricultureutpalkamat
The document discusses the BSc Agriculture degree in India. It is a 4-year undergraduate program that focuses on agricultural science disciplines like genetics, microbiology, and soil science. It is offered by agricultural universities approved by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and provides training to implement modern agricultural techniques. Graduates can pursue careers as agricultural scientists, research officers, farm managers, or in quality assurance and banking sectors. The average starting salary is between 3 to 6 lakh rupees annually.
This document analyzes the embedded energy of on-farm losses and energy flow for maize production in Nigeria. The total energy input for maize production was estimated at 9,502 MJ/ha, with fertilizer accounting for 58% of energy use. The total energy output was 33,510 MJ/ha. The embedded energy in on-farm maize losses for 2000-2012 was estimated at 6,816 MJ, with losses highest in 2012 at 1,995 MJ. Improving efficiency could help reduce energy losses from wasted maize.
USE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM BY FARMERS FOR IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY IN K...ijcseit
This paper shows the use of management information system by farmers for improve productivity in Kayah
state in Myanmar. The objective is to give first a brief overview why MIS is important in the farming sector.
Secondly the paper is aiming on the development of a FMIS that depicts all production processes and their
internal interconnections of a farm accurately. Thirdly this paper mentions what is agricultural
information management and why is it important? Furthermore, the MIS has to allow farmers to easily access all information which are crucial for the farm’s profitability. Finally this paper aims on highlighting
effective issues of management information system and what farmers and researchers have to consider during the implementation process.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ONTOLOGY BASED ON SEMANTIC ANALYSIS FOR GIS APPL...cscpconf
The Agricultural Census information is a leading source of facts and figures about a country’s
agricultural development. Such information is used by many who provide services to farmers
and rural communities including federal, state and local governments, agribusinesses etc. Also
such information when integrated with other agricultural surveys and statistics can help in
monitoring progress towards the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of a
country. But such huge volumes of census data are available at various geo-spatial portals
either in proprietary formats like shape files, .dat files etc or in form of database tables, word
documents, PDF’s etc. In order to do analysis or to just see the progress of a particular area
such huge datasheets have to be scanned. This paper provides solutions to various problems
related to Geo-spatial Agricultural Census data in three aspects: (1) Storage / Organization of
census data using enhanced methods such as ontologies. (2) Visualization of data using Google Maps and Column Charts. (3) Analysis of data using interactive methods like Column Charts
An Empirical Study on Awareness and Utilization of Agriculture Subsidies by t...inventionjournals
This document summarizes an empirical study on the awareness and utilization of agriculture subsidies by farmers in the Palladam area of India. It finds that over 39% of respondents were aged 41-50, 70% were male, and the majority had secondary level education or less. Most respondents owned 5-10 acres of land and cultivated 50-70% of it. The main sources of awareness about subsidies were agro centers (34.7%) and government officials (23.3%). Cooperative banks (34.7%) and agro centers (25.3%) provided the most assistance in availing subsidies. The study found irrigation subsidies to be the most known (mean of 2.15), while export subsidies were least known (mean
This document summarizes a study on the profitability and production efficiency of small-scale maize production in Niger State, Nigeria. The study found that maize production was profitable, with an average net farm income of 48,109 Naira per hectare. Production costs were 77.9% of total costs, with labor as the largest cost. The production efficiency index of 2.50 indicated that returns exceeded costs by 150%, showing profitability. While profitable, the study recommended increasing farm size and production to enhance profits further. Improving access to farmland, education, credit, and extension services were also suggested to improve profitability of small-scale maize production in the area.
This 3-sentence summary provides the key details from the document:
The document summarizes observations from the 2nd National SRI Symposium held in Agartala, Tripura, India in October 2007, which brought together over 250 participants from across India and other countries to discuss the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method. Presentations at the symposium showed SRI leading to higher yields as well as improvements in water savings, costs, profits, and stress resistance compared to conventional rice cultivation methods. State and national governments in India have begun supporting the expansion of SRI in response to its potential to improve rice production while reducing water usage.
This document summarizes a study on the public distribution system (PDS) in India and its implications for poverty and food security. It provides background on the PDS and outlines the study's data sources and methodology. The study finds that over time, access to the PDS expanded significantly across India as the ratio of market to PDS prices increased. The PDS was also found to be generally inclusive of disadvantaged groups. The study estimates the PDS contributed to reductions in poverty and calorie deficiency, particularly for vulnerable groups. Participation in the PDS was determined by various demographic and socioeconomic factors.
Perception of Cattle Herdsmen on the use of Information and Communication Tec...AI Publications
The study was carried out to investigate the perception of cattle herdsmen on the use of information and communication technology in management practice in Akinyele local government of Oyo state. Multistage sampling procedure was used for the study. A total of 164 questionnaire were administered and 135questionnaires were retrieved. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using the frequency table, simple percentage, chi square and PPMC (Pearson product moment of correlation).97.8% and 2.2% respectively represent the percentage of male and female respondent. The ages of the respondents were 56years and above (3.7%), 46-55years (5.2%), 36-45years (43.7%), 26-35years (32.6%), 15-25years (14.8%). Majority of the respondents (45.2%) and (72.6%) get information from television and radio set respectively. The result obtained showed that majority of the respondents (63.0%) strongly agreed that the use of ICT promotes productivity while 33.3% of the respondent agreed. Also, 47.4% of the respondent agreed that perception of cattle rearing to the use of ICT for management practices promote farming, 40.7% of the respondent strongly agreed.From the research, respondents see poor power supply, economic barrier, level of education as major constraint.PPMC shows that there was significant relationship between constraints to the use of various ICT tools and perception of the herdsmen (r= 0.944, p=0.000), the level of perception of the herdsmen and the entire hypothesis tested were all significant. Effort should be made by government to improve ways by which the recommended ICT tools can get to the herdsmen so as to enhance their production.
Attitude and Academic Success in Practical Agriculture: Evidence from Public ...Olutosin Ademola Otekunrin
This study examined the attitude and academic performance of public single-sex (Boys’ and Girls’ only) high school students in the teaching and learning of Agricultural Science in the aspect of practical knowledge of Agriculture. We investigated whether there were significant differences in the mean achievement test scores of students in practical Agriculture in the selected schools. We also examined the relationship between their academic performance in practical agriculture and their attitude to the subject. The study was a descriptive survey design carried out at Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. Six public single-sex (Boys’ and Girls’ only) schools were randomly selected from three Local Government Areas (LGAs) within Ibadan Zone comprising eleven LGAs in 2018.
Sixty-nine Senior Secondary School (SSS III) students were randomly selected in Boys’ only (3) schools while ninety-seven students were randomly selected in Girls’ only (3) schools giving a total of 166 students that participated in this study. Practical Agricultural Science Students’ Achievement Test (PASSAT) and Students’ Attitude towards Practical Agriculture Questionnaire (SATPAGQ) were used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Oneway Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Multiple Comparison techniques and t-test for equality of means. The ANOVA test was significant (p = .00). Post Hoc (Tukey HSD) test, a multiple comparison technique on the ANOVA showed that PASSAT mean scores obtained by one Girls’ only school was significantly different from one Boys’ only schools another two Girls’ only schools’ mean scores at 5% significant level. It was found that availability of school farm, use of instructional materials were not enough to bring about significant boost in academic success in PASSAT especially in three of the schools with less than average mean scores of 34.51, 40.23 and 44.07. The study therefore recommended that government and relevant stakeholders (Parents- Teachers Association, Old Boys’ and Girls’ Association among others) should provide human resources and needed infrastructural facilities for effective teaching and learning of Agricultural Science in both single-sex and Co-educational schools for better academic performance.
Unicef's case study ivrs-processdocumentationreportstripathi_99
The document discusses the implementation of an Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) to monitor the Mid-Day Meal Scheme in Uttar Pradesh, India. The IVRS system places automated calls to school headmasters daily to record the number of children who received meals. This provides real-time meal attendance data across 1.52 lakh schools, addressing issues with the previous monthly reporting system. The IVRS has improved monitoring, accountability, and compliance with the scheme, which provides critical nutrition to over 150 million children daily.
The document provides a quarterly bulletin on the National Horticulture Mission (NHM) in India for October-December 2013. It summarizes the following key information:
- Rs. 1526.71 crore has been released for NHM so far in 2013-14, including Rs. 1403.55 crore to State Horticulture Missions and Rs. 123.16 crore to National Level Agencies.
- A total area of 103,977 hectares was brought under horticultural crops during this period. Major expansions occurred in Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Karnataka.
- Key achievements include the establishment of 1,923 pack houses,
Resource Infrastructure Facilities and its Management in Thiruvarur District ...IJERA Editor
The present study on “Effective Resources, Infrastructure facilities” and its management in Tiruvarur district”, Tiruvarur district a first grade municipal town in TamilNadu, is located 60 km east of Thanjavur, and it is a district headquarter town. The strategic location of this district to nearby urban centers Well connected by national highway, state highway and major district road and Railway junction too. Tiruvarur district forms part of eastern coastal plain of TamilNadu. It is surrounded on north and east by newly carved out district of Nagapattinam, on the south by pack-starit and on the west by its parent ie. Thanjavur. The infrastructure facilities available in Tiruvarur district. In the year 2014, urbanization pattern, transportation, urban services, like water supply, medical facilities, industrial development, education wise analyzed. In this study mainly for infrastructural facilities and other important places are discussed in this study.
This document provides an overview and methodology for a value chain analysis study of select horticultural crops in the North Eastern region of India. The study aims to map the value chains of six focus crop groups - ginger/turmeric, citrus, pineapple, Naga chilli, vegetables, and other location-specific crops. Both secondary and primary research was conducted, including literature reviews, focus group discussions with farmers and traders, and interviews with stakeholders. The methodology involved identifying production clusters, mapping the movement of crops and price changes from farm to market, and analyzing challenges and opportunities to develop recommendations for strengthening the value chains.
This document describes a computer-aided diagnosis system for detecting liver cancer in early stages from CT chest images. The system uses a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for classification. It involves preprocessing the CT image through segmentation, noise removal and morphological operations. Features are then extracted and classified using HMM. The system achieved a high detection rate of 96.5% on 100 cases, outperforming other methods. This automated early detection system could help reduce risks for liver cancer patients by enabling earlier medical treatment.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Enhanced equally distributed load balancing algorithm for cloud computingeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Accelerted testing of deteriorated concrete structures due to carbonationeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Efficient document compression using intra frame prediction tecthniqueeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A novel approach on a robot for the blind people which can trained and operat...eSAT Publishing House
This document describes a proposed robot system to assist blind people. The robot would use a camera to capture images of objects in front of it. A non-expert user could then train the robot to identify new objects by entering the object name. When recall is requested, the robot would identify objects in its database and announce the name via earphone to the blind person. This allows a non-expert to continuously update the robot's knowledge of household objects, unlike existing systems which require expert training. The proposed system uses an ARM11 processor, camera, earphone, and OpenCV for image processing and object recognition.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Behaviour of bituminous concrete modified with polyethylene glycol for blade ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Application of ibearugbulem’s model for optimizing granite concrete mixeSAT Publishing House
This document presents a mathematical model for predicting the compressive strength of granitic concrete using Ibearugbulem's regression model. 45 concrete cubes were cast using different mix ratios and tested to determine compressive strength. The first 11 mixes were used to determine the regression model coefficients, and the full 15 mixes were used to validate the model. A t-test found the model results adequately predicted the experimental compressive strengths at a 95% confidence level. The developed model can predict compressive strength or mix proportions for granitic concrete given one is known.
Economical placement of shear walls in a moment resisting frame for earthquak...eSAT Publishing House
This document analyzes different configurations of shear wall placement in a 5-story reinforced concrete building to determine the optimal configuration for earthquake resistance. Five frames with different shear wall layouts are modeled and analyzed. Frame 2, with shear walls at the building core, performed best with significant reductions in lateral displacement, bending moment, shear force, and axial force compared to the frame without shear walls. For economic feasibility, the top 1-2 stories were removed from Frames 2 and 3. This curtailment further reduced lateral displacement, inter-story drift, bending moment, and shear force, particularly for Frames 7-9. In conclusion, curtailing the top 1-2 stories of Frames 2 or 3 provided the best
Assessment of the leachability and mechanical stability of mud from a zinc pl...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study that examined immobilizing mud from a zinc plating plant and waste zeolite materials with Portland cement. Samples with different proportions of mud and zeolite-mud mixtures were prepared and tested. Leachability was assessed using a modified leaching test, where zinc concentrations in eluates were measured after different time periods. A diffusion model was used to assess zinc diffusion speeds and leaching mechanisms. Mechanical strength tests were also conducted. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of immobilizing zinc-containing wastes with cement and understand the chemical and physical processes involved.
A novel way of verifiable redistribution of the secret in a multiuser environ...eSAT Publishing House
This document proposes a novel method for verifiably redistributing secrets in a multi-user environment using threshold secret sharing and group keys. It involves a dealer distributing shares of a secret to authorized users, and a group manager who verifies members and notifies the dealer of any changes. If the group changes, the dealer generates new shares without involving old members, encrypts them using group members' public keys, and sends them to the group manager. The manager distributes the shares to the group using a group key. Members can verify their shares against hash values from the dealer. This allows secret redistribution without private channels or involvement of old members in generating new shares.
A comprehensive review on performance of aodv and dsdv protocol using manhatt...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Use of cloud federation without need of identity federation using dynamic acc...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a dynamic access control system to enable authorization in cloud federations without requiring identity federations. The system uses risk-based access control to evaluate access requests between clouds that do not have an identity federation. When a user requests access to a resource in their home cloud, traditional attribute-based access control is used. But for resources in foreign clouds without an identity federation, a risk-based policy decision point assesses the risk level using defined metrics and can grant exceptional access if risk is below the threshold. This approach aims to increase scalability for cloud federations compared to identity federations which have interoperability issues.
This document discusses several dynamic thresholding approaches for segmenting continuous Bangla speech sentences into words or subwords. It proposes using k-means clustering, fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM), and Otsu's thresholding method to determine optimal thresholds for segmentation. K-means and FCM clustering produce better segmentation results than Otsu's method. The algorithms are implemented in MATLAB and achieve an average segmentation accuracy of 94%. Blocking black areas and boundary detection techniques are used to properly detect word boundaries in continuous speech and label the segmented units.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Production and Productivity Increase of Milch Animals through the Supply of G...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— In India, fodder production is less than the demand and hence deficit is noticed in different states with varying per cent of deficit observed in many states. To alleviate the deficiency of green and dry fodder and to maximize the fodder production for increased a productivity of livestock was studied among 310 respondents of 23 non-delta districts of Tamil Nadu. The results showed that, gain among different types of faming, increased quantum of feeding and increased body weight gain and daily average milk yield among the indigenous as well as cross breed animals.
Towards Indian Agricultural Information: A Need Based Information Flow Modelinventionjournals
Information is crucial for agriculture and rural development. ICT based services in agriculture is gaining importance day by day. Paper proposes to study the nature of agricultural information its uniqueness and problems of handling and organization. Agri informatics and use of different web portals for agriculture also discussed. Paper also highlighted the ICAR and IARIs contribution towards development of NARS (National Agricultural Research System) and models showing Information flow and strategic plan for organization of agricultural information. Some recommendations for proper organization and dissemination of agricultural information have been made to reach grass root level with desired agricultural information.
Chartered Accountants (CAs) can play an important role in maximizing value in the agriculture sector in India. Agriculture is a critical part of the Indian economy. CAs can help formulate models to add value to agricultural businesses and partner with the government on national development goals. They can also help simplify procedures to make agricultural projects easier to implement and assist project leaders in achieving value maximization. The document further provides details on the history and administration of the agriculture sector in India.
AN OVERVIEW of the CHALLENGES of AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH in SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA:...Premier Publishers
The document discusses the challenges of agricultural research in Sub-Saharan Africa, using Eritrea as a case study. It finds that Eritrea's National Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) has inadequate human, financial, and material resources to conduct agricultural research. NARI lacks specialized trained personnel and sufficient operational funding. Additionally, the current agricultural research system is not adequately responsive to the challenges facing Eritrean agriculture. To address these issues, NARI needs to focus on participatory, demand-driven research and improve management, planning, monitoring, and evaluation of its human and physical resources and research agenda.
Odisha state livestock policy for finance, subsidy & project related suppor...Radha Krishna Sahoo
This document outlines Orissa State's proposed new livestock sector policy in India. The goals of the new policy are to use the livestock sector to drive rural socioeconomic development, empower small producers, ensure environmental sustainability, and provide marginalized groups access to opportunities.
The key strategies proposed include: 1) Equipping rural smallholders to increase household income and nutrition from livestock while protecting livelihoods, with a focus on women. 2) Reforming government veterinary and breeding services to be paid, mobile practices. 3) Training smallholders, especially women, in simple livestock management skills. 4) Promoting grassroots participatory bodies to link communities and government.
Livestock policy of odisha for finance, subsidy & project related support c...Radha Krishna Sahoo
The document outlines Orissa State's proposed new livestock sector policy, with the goals of using livestock development to boost rural incomes and employment, enable small producers to participate in the market, and ensure environmental sustainability. The key strategies proposed include empowering smallholders, especially women; promoting appropriate technologies to increase productivity; balancing development across species; focusing on disease prevention; ensuring access for resource-poor farmers; and restructuring institutions.
Source, Availability and Use of Agricultural Informationby Extension Agents i...paperpublications3
Abstract: Assessment of the agricultural information systems and communication arrangement used by extension workers provided a framework to identify the strength and weaknesses of the current systems and led to recommendations to improve their performance. Structured interviews were used to collect data from a randomly selected twenty eight extension workers of the Sidama zone of SNNPRs. The data analysis was performed using SPSS. The responses indicated that Woreda agricultural office top rated (77.8%), followed by mass media (55.6%), news paper (51.9%) and mobile (37%) by delivering agricultural information regularly. The result of the study shows that all of the respondents (100%) have got agricultural information in the form of training and extension meeting. Similarly, 96.3% have got from local radio program and 88.9% from field visit, manual and national radio program. In addition to this, national television program, leaflets, and regional television program serves as source of agricultural information for 74.1, 74.1, and 70.4% of the respondents respectively whereas reports and websites provide agricultural information for 3.7 and7.4% respectively. Among the respondents, the majority (59.3%) have used notebook to file agricultural information obtained from different sources through different means. However, 3.7 and 29.6% of them have been used farmers training centers (FTC) and kept the original document to file the available agricultural information. Based on the result of the study most (74.04%) of the respondents were highly motivated on their work. However 22.2 and 3.7% of them were low and medium motivated on their work respectively. The study revealed that extension agents in the study area had adequate job autonomy. However the extension workers did not have an appropriate information management system. The finding of this research revealed that the governments need to frame sensitive policies to address the problem of the extension workers loyalty to their organization in order to increase their commitment in which they play vital roles in agricultural development.
Source, Availability and Use of Agricultural Information by Extension Agents ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Assessment of the agricultural information systems and communication arrangement used by extension workers provided a framework to identify the strength and weaknesses of the current systems and led to recommendations to improve their performance. Structured interviews were used to collect data from a randomly selected twenty eight extension workers of the Sidama zone of SNNPRs. The data analysis was performed using SPSS. The responses indicated that Woreda agricultural office top rated (77.8%), followed by mass media (55.6%), news paper (51.9%) and mobile (37%) by delivering agricultural information regularly. The result of the study shows that all of the respondents (100%) have got agricultural information in the form of training and extension meeting. Similarly, 96.3% have got from local radio program and 88.9% from field visit, manual and national radio program. In addition to this, national television program, leaflets, and regional television program serves as source of agricultural information for 74.1, 74.1, and 70.4% of the respondents respectively whereas reports and websites provide agricultural information for 3.7 and7.4% respectively. Among the respondents, the majority (59.3%) have used notebook to file agricultural information obtained from different sources through different means. However, 3.7 and 29.6% of them have been used farmers training centers (FTC) and kept the original document to file the available agricultural information. Based on the result of the study most (74.04%) of the respondents were highly motivated on their work. However 22.2 and 3.7% of them were low and medium motivated on their work respectively. The study revealed that extension agents in the study area had adequate job autonomy. However the extension workers did not have an appropriate information management system. The finding of this research revealed that the governments need to frame sensitive policies to address the problem of the extension workers loyalty to their organization in order to increase their commitment in which they play vital roles in agricultural development.
Tripura's economy has been growing steadily, with its gross state domestic product (GSDP) increasing at a compound annual growth rate of 15.66% between 2011-12 and 2015-16. The tertiary sector is the largest contributor to GSDP, accounting for 43.05% of GSDP in 2015-16. Tripura has strong potential in several sectors such as bamboo, tea, rubber and medicinal plants. The state received $110 million in foreign direct investment between April 2000 to June 2018, and the government is taking steps to boost infrastructure and attract more private investment.
The document provides an overview of the cattle feed industry globally and in India. It discusses that the cattle feed industry in India started around 1965 to cater to the dairy industry. The industry utilizes indigenous raw materials like coconut cake as a key ingredient. The global cattle feed market is growing due to rising demand for meat and meat products. Major markets include Europe, US and emerging markets in Asia. The industry relies on grain, soy and fishmeal which are imported into many developing countries. Intensive livestock production has increased efficiency but also relies on external inputs at large economies of scale.
Tripura has a strong base in bamboo, tea and natural rubber production. It is the largest bamboo producing hub and fifth largest tea producing state in India. The state also has a unique cultural mix reflected in its handicrafts. Tripura has diverse forest resources and medicinal plants. It aims to be a food processing hub in Northeast India, leveraging its climate and potential in fruits, horticulture and meat processing. The state provides various incentives and is developing infrastructure to promote industries and investments.
The Analyzes Of Scalogram, Performance-Importance And Hierarchy Process For G...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Tripura's gross state domestic product (GSDP) stood at around Rs 343.68 billion (US$ 5.25 billion) in 2015-16, increasing at a CAGR of 15.66% between 2011-12 and 2015-16. The state's per capita GSDP was Rs 88,555.32 (US$ 1,352.82) in 2015-16, up from Rs 51,914.62 (US$ 1,082.68) in 2011-12. Tripura's net state domestic product (NSDP) was approximately Rs 31,058.33 crore (US$ 4.74 billion) in 2015-16, with per capita NSDP reaching Rs
First india gujarat for gujarat samachar epaper 03 march 2020 editionfirst_india
Welcome to the Official Website of First India Gujarat. We are India’s own INDIAN NEWSPAPERS IN ENGLISH. We cover most exclusive news of Gujrat interspersed with the best of national, international and sports news from across categories.First India News Paper with Gujarat Today Epaper coverage are 360-degree dynamic which will keep ahead of you in the world. For keeping up to date visit us Gujarat Samachar Epaper edition.
For Gujarat Samachar Epaper In English please click :- https://www.firstindia.co.in/amd/epaper/
The document discusses the role of global agricultural research systems and partnerships with national agricultural research systems (NARS). It notes that the global system is driven by CGIAR, which focuses on reducing poverty and increasing food security. CGIAR has expanded from 4 centers and 8 members in 1971 to 15 centers and 64 country members today. India has one of the largest agricultural research systems in the world comprising about 30,000 scientists. The system includes the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) at the national level and agricultural universities at the state level. Partnerships between international and national organizations are seen as essential for achieving development goals and project outcomes.
This document provides a summary of a study on the goat meat subsector in Chhattisgarh, India. It finds that goat rearing has grown 18% in the state from 2003-2007 despite a high slaughter rate of 39% annually. Goats play an important role in livelihoods and income generation for poor farmers. However, the subsector faces many constraints including biases against goats and their owners. The study utilized interviews, discussions and observations to understand the value chain. Key findings include:
1) Goats provide risk protection, supplementary income, liquid assets, nutrition, women's income, and are part of social/religious traditions.
2) Production is characterized by small household herds
what are different extension approaches by state veterinary universities, agriculture universities, by indian government, andhrapradesh state government, animal husbandry department, ngos
Use of Management Information System by Farmers for Improve Productivity in K...ijcseit
This paper shows the use of management information system by farmers for improve productivity in Kayah state in Myanmar. The objective is to give first a brief overview why MIS is important in the farming sector. Secondly the paper is aiming on the development of a FMIS that depicts all production processes and their internal interconnections of a farm accurately. Thirdly this paper mentions what is agricultural information management and why is it important? Furthermore, the MIS has to allow farmers to easily access all information which are crucial for the farm’s profitability. Finally this paper aims on highlighting effective issues of management information system and what farmers and researchers have to consider during the implementation process.
Farmers necessitate vast information to sustain their farmhouse activities. Information is
required not just on better and best practices & advanced technologies for production of crop
which is gained through Green Revolution but as well information about post harvest
perspectives including handling, processing, promoting, storage & marketing. Farmers need
access to convenient, firm, and pertinent information that can support intricacy inside which
their farm activities work. Even though farming expansion today has a wide array, this survey
demonstrates that in spite of pluralistic augmentation methods in India, the scope &
utilization of the said services are constrained. The purpose of this paper is to analyze rural
extension programs in of general society, private and third parts in India. The paper
investigates; fundamentals of extension, significance of rural extension, agribusiness
extension methodologies in India, general difficulties and limitations of agricultural extension
Similar to Research issues and priorities in the field of (20)
Hudhud cyclone caused extensive damage in Visakhapatnam, India in October 2014, especially to tree cover. This will likely impact the local environment in several ways: increased air pollution as trees absorb less; higher temperatures without tree canopy; increased erosion and landslides. It also created large amounts of waste from destroyed trees. Proper management of solid waste is needed to prevent disease spread. Suggested measures include restoring damaged plants, building fountains to reduce heat, mandating light-colored buildings, improving waste management, and educating public on health risks. Overall, changes are needed to water, land, and waste practices to rebuild the environment after the cyclone removed green cover.
Impact of flood disaster in a drought prone area – case study of alampur vill...eSAT Publishing House
1) In September-October 2009, unprecedented heavy rainfall and dam releases caused widespread flooding in Alampur village in Mahabub Nagar district, a historically drought-prone area.
2) The flood damaged or destroyed homes, buildings, infrastructure, crops, and documents. It displaced many residents and cut off the village.
3) The socioeconomic conditions and mud-based construction of homes in the village exacerbated the flood's impacts, making damage more severe and recovery more difficult.
The document summarizes the Hudhud cyclone that struck Visakhapatnam, India in October 2014. It describes the cyclone's formation, rapid intensification to winds of 175 km/h, and landfall near Visakhapatnam. The cyclone caused extensive damage estimated at over $1 billion and at least 109 deaths in India and Nepal. Infrastructure like buildings, bridges, and power lines were destroyed. Crops and fishing boats were also damaged. The document then discusses coping strategies and improvements needed to disaster management plans to better prepare for future cyclones.
Groundwater investigation using geophysical methods a case study of pydibhim...eSAT Publishing House
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1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 07 | Jul-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 49
RESEARCH ISSUES AND PRIORITIES IN THE FIELD OF
AGRICULTURE SECTOR AND DAIRY SCENARIO OF TRIPURA
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Miltan Kumar Acharjee1
, A.K.Ray2
1
Research Scholar, Department of Humanities & Social Science, National Institute Technology, Agartala, India
&Lecturer in Management at Bhavan’s Tripura College of Science &technology, Agartala
E-mail id- mm3798@gmail.com
2
Prof &HOD Department of Humanities and Social Science, National Institute Technology, Agartala, India
E-mail- ajitkumarray1949@gmail.com
Abstract
Indian Agriculture is an economic symbiosis of crop production and animal rearing. In India 70 percent population and their
livelihood is depending upon the agriculture. Same scenario is applicable for Tripura as well as the same North East India.
Agriculture is an important sector in the economy of the North East Region (NER), with its share in state domestic product (SDP)
ranging from 19 percent to 37 percent in different states. In Tripura the total population of 70% population and their livelihood is
dependents on the agriculture. The paper contributes to the effectual research is very necessary and their implacability to continued
development process in agriculture at Tripura. On the other aspects is animal, husbandry which is really substitute occupation for
agriculture. one is dependent on another. Animal Husbandry is a state subject and the State Governments are primarily responsible
for the growth of the sector. The Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries has, however, been operating 30 Central
Livestock Organizations and allied Institutions for production and distribution of superior germ plasms to the State Governments for
cross breeding and genetic upgradation of the stocks. Besides, the Department has been implementing 11 Central Sector and
Centrally Sponsored Schemes for the development of requisite infrastructure and supplementing the efforts of the State Governments
for achieving the accelerated growth of animal husbandry sector. The study mainly focuses the issues of problems ,present status of
animal husbandry and agriculture sector in Tripura.
Keyword: Animal Husbandry, crossbreed Cattle, Research Priorities, Sri (System Rice intensification) etc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
INTRODUCTION
Indian Agriculture is an economic symbiosis of crop
production and animal rearing. In India 70 percent population
and their livelihood is depending upon the agriculture. Same
scenario is applicable for Tripura as well as the same North
East India. Agriculture is an important sector in the economy
of the North East Region (NER), with its share in state
domestic product (SDP) ranging from 19 percent to 37 percent
in different states. In Tripura the total population of 70%
population and their livelihood is dependents on the
agriculture. The paper contributes to the effectual research is
very necessary and their implacability to continued
development process in agriculture at Tripura. Agriculture is
the core of socio economic development at Tripura .Not only
it is source of livelihood and food security for large population
in India as well as North east remote state Tripura but also has
a special significance for low income, poor and vulnerable
sections. In Tripura Government has given the priorities
various research issues of the agricultural sector special
aspects crops production. Their main objective is to use the
improvised and modernized technology for being the increase
production of various crops. With a short span of time how
utilize the minimum resource and to get the maximum output.
The main research issue is how to motivate the people and
given the knowledge about that agriculture is the prior concern
of human beings and it is most profitable arena of business as
well as state development.
In case of Tripura, The revised perspective plan(RPP) on
agriculture and allied activities aims at attaining self –
stuffiness in food production by 2012.Finally the total area in
Tripura 10,491.69 km and agricultural land is 6,40,422 which
is maximum used in the purpose of rice production. Tripura
having four districts(West, South, Dhalai and North).Out of
four districts the main land of agricultural sector is West
districts area like Teliamura, Khowai, Moharchara etc.These
are the places mainly produces crops as well as vegetables.
But due to lack of knowledge of farmers about the crop
production they are not getting the output properly, so that
here agricultural research people are more essential to stay
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 07 | Jul-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 50
with them and provide upto date knowledge about the
agriculture.
Animal Husbandry is a state subject and the State
Governments are primarily responsible for the growth of the
sector. The Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying &
Fisheries has, however, been operating 30 Central Livestock
Organizations and allied Institutions for production and
distribution of superior germ plasms to the State Governments
for cross breeding and genetic upgradation of the stocks.
Besides, the Department has been implementing 11 Central
Sector and Centrally Sponsored Schemes for the development
of requisite infrastructure and supplementing the efforts of the
State Governments for achieving the accelerated growth of
animal husbandry sector. The animal husbandry sector is
being considered as one of the major activities for providing
subsidiary income during non-harvesting season of the
farming families in Tripura. Over the period of time due to
tremendous potential of the sector opened up due to breed up-
gradation, scientific management practices, this sector is now
ushering as a principal source of income to many farmers. The
state government has been encouraging and strengthening its
effort for taking this advantage in this sector.
In Tripura 5 lakhs of population of their livelihood is
depending on the farming of animal Husbandry .The major
percentage is cattle faming ,means a milk production.
Animal Husbandry Department was tagged under the
Agriculture Department. During second Plan Period (1956-61)
the Animal Husbandry sector was handed over to the Tripura
Territorial Council (TTC). Chief Executive officer was the
head of the Department. During the third Plan Period (1961-
66) the TTC handed over the Department to Tripura
Administration in the year 1965-66 and on November 1969
Animal Husbandry was accorded independent status and
named as Directorate of Animal Husbandry. The department
was renamed as Department of Animal Resources
Development in the year 1993.In Tripura most famous area for
Animal Husbandry is Gwalabasti and R.K.Nagar farm which
is situated at Agartala.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
To identify the problems of Agriculture and Animal
Husbandry sector in Tripura.
To identify and categorize high priority research topics
in agricultural Sector and Animal Husbandry Sector.
To examine which research priorities are being
addressed at state level regarding Agriculture and
Animal Husbandry Sector.
To examine the Present Status of Animal Husbandry
Sector Special reference to Cross Breed.
METHODOLOGY:
Data Collected: Primary and Secondary data.
Data collection Area: Agartala, Tripura.
Data collection method: In-depth interview with research
extension and education specialists and different literature of
Animal Husbandry Department, web articles,journal etc.
Sample Size: 10 Expert members
Secondary data from: Govt. of India Source, Govt.of Tripura
Source, Web Articles and Journals etc.
LITERATURE REVIEW:
Mahatma Gandhi said "Indian economy lives in rural
villages", and many of the industries getting their raw material
from agriculture sector. Gandhi also said “Agriculture is the
main backbone of Indian economy.” According to Jaydip
Chakraborty, “Agriculture – the backbone of civilization – is
facing multitude of problems mainly owing to increase in
population and slow growth in food production. In the era of
Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG) too
much emphasis on industrial growth has rendered the
agriculture sector of the country uncared. The plan laid stress
on usage of hybrid seeds for increased crop production along
with emphasis on bio-fertilizer utilization to lessen
dependence on chemical fertilizers. The plan also stressed on
Watershed Management in rain-fed cultivation. However, a
section of experts is doubtful about attaining the target set by
the RPP mainly due to inapt processes of policy
implementation. It is true that odds are high, but it will be
unwise to ponder the strength of the State that can certainly
play the role of a catalyst in achieving growth in agriculture.”
According to Dr. Kwadeo Asenso-okere, Regional Director of
International Food policy Research Institute (IFPRI) on 3 day
International Seminar held at Agartala shared his vast
experience “one of the causes of slow Agricultural growth
attributed to lack of motivation among the farmers to cultivate.
“Agricultural development is highly related with overall
development of the rural areas and its people. To motivate the
rural people for agri-activities, it is essential to ensure easy
access to basic amenities and agriculture knowledge in the
rural areas”Dr.Kwadeo suggested, steps to make a agriculture
a profitable profession will attract competent people in agri-
sector. Policies should focus on capacity building to enable the
farmers access the latest information on agri-activities. To this
end, the State is doing well in maintaining peace and
implementing several social security schemes like
MGNREGA. The need of this hour is to draw a vibrant
approach with a focus on strict “monitoring-endowment-
evaluation-redrawing policies” model. Sincere evidence-based
monitoring will help to formulate appropriate endowment
policies. ‘Agricultural Technology Management Agency’
(ATMA) at district level.
In Tripura, ATMA conducted total 1745 nos of technology
demonstration in all over the State. So far, 16 farmer-scientist
interactions were arranged. Farmers of several remote villages
successfully increased area of various cultivations with the
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 07 | Jul-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 51
knowledge assistance from ATMA. With all the weaponries
ready, to attain self-sufficiency in food production the State
Administration along with the Agri-Department should
become more pro-active in implementing the policies and take
drastic steps to manage the farm economies in scientific
manner and overcome some of the challenges that the State
Agriculture is currently facing. The main issues and
challenges of Agriculture in India the need of the hour is not
an application of technology, which would suit the particular
level of global community. In India farming practices are too
haphazard and non-scientific and hence need some
forethought before implementing any new technology. Thus,
the information on spatial variability in soil fertility status and
crop condition is aprerequisite for adoption of precision
farming. Space technology including global posting
system(GPS) and GIS holds goods promise in deriving
information on soil attributes and Crop yield and allows
monitoring seasonally –variable soil and crop characteristics
,namely soil moisture ,Crop phenology ,growth
,evapotranspiration,Crop diseases etc.President of India keen
to support Agricultural research in dry areas .
During her State visit to Syria, the President visited
ICARDA’s headquarters in Aleppo, Syria, yesterday – her
first visit to any international agricultural research center. She
toured field and lab facilities. Dr Mahmoud Solh, ICARDA
Director General, presented the Center’s work in dry areas
worldwide, highlighting the joint projects with research
organizations in India. Dr Solh described how results from
these projects are benefiting dry land farmers in India and in
many developing countries. Collaborative projects, in
partnership with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research
(ICAR) and its various institutions, the National Rainfed Area
Authority, and agricultural universities in India, cover a
number of areas, including development of new high-yielding
crop varieties, rainwater harvesting, water-use efficiency,
livestock husbandry, and socio-economics and policy. These
projects focus on increasing production of pulse crops,
strengthening crop-livestock systems in drylands, and
promoting value-added products to increase farmers’
income.The President expressed hope that partnerships
between ICARDA and Indian research organizations would
grow even stronger. “Research organizations such as
ICARDA can help ensure food security – and thereby, ensure
welfare for all humanity,” said the President.
Hi-Tech commercial Dairy as a new plan scheme is proposed
to be implemented in the State starting from the year 2008-09
project assistance could be provided,” the President added. It
needs no emphasis that India happens to be the goldmine of
farm livestock resources.
PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL AND ANIMAL
HUSBANDRY SECTOR IN TRIPURA:
In general the Agricultural Sector in Tripura is facing
the following problems:
In Tripura Agricultural land and Animal Husbandry
farming land decreasing day by day due to population
increases.
Indo Bangla fancing decreases Agricultural land.
Labour shortages, skill labour is not available in the
agricultural field as well as Animal Husbandry Sector
according to the primary source.
Lack of trained and research people in the Agricultural
dimension in Tripura.
Most of the farmers are not motivated of their own self
to cultivate crops again and again.
In rural area of Tripura people are conscious to make
their career to various field like service ,business etc but
generally don’t want to take Agriculture and Animal
Husbandry as their profession of Livelihood.
Peoples especially Tribes are not habituated enough to
cattle as well as fodder farming.
One of the important constraints for Animal Husbandry
farming is hilly areas.
Less awareness programme provide to the famers
regarding various advance technology of Animal
Husbandry.
People are not interested to animal farming again and
again because cost , hard work is more but output is
less.
Shortage of feed and fodder.
Farmers are not enough educated in both the sector.
IDENTIFICATION AND CATEGORIZATION OF HIGH
PRIORITY RESEARCH TOPICS IN AGRICULTURAL
SECTOR AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY:
During the interaction with the research specialists from State
agriculture research centre it is revels that the prioritized
research areas in the Agriculture sector are as follows:
Increase of the productivity of different agriculture
crops mainly Paddy.
Impact /Adverse affect assessment of climate changes
on Agriculture sector.
Research on water scarcity in future specifically by
2050.
Improvement of Shifting Cultivation. Etc.
Research on Cross-Bred cattle farming.(Combination of
Non-Descript or Jersey Cows)
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Volume: 02 Issue: 07 | Jul-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 52
RESEARCH PRIORITIES ARE BEING ADDRESSED AT
STATE LEVEL:
Though all the above mentioned areas are equally important to
the State agriculture research centre but they are addressing
the Increase of the productivity of different agriculture crops
mainly Paddy at the State level. In Case of Animal Husbandry
Department of Tripura given research priority on Cross –
Breed farming to increase the milk production.For this
purpose they have taken various significant initiatives through
SRI production technique. For example: These following
table will give a picture that how through SRI Area and Target
Coverage of Agriculture land and Crops production are being
achieved including the research are going on the variety of
agriculture crops mainly Paddy.
Table –1: SRI Area and Target Coverage
Table –2: Progeny Row Trial KHARIF 2010-11
Sl.
No.
Name of
HYV
(100 panicles
each)
Area
Target
(in
ha)
Production Target(in kgs)
Breeder
Seeds
Nucleus
Seeds
1. Satabdi 0.10
ha
80 kgs 04 kgs
2. Krishnahamsa 0.10
ha
85 kgs 05 kgs
3. MTU-7029 0.10
ha
90 kgs 06 kgs
4. Pooja 0.10
ha
90 kgs 06 kgs
5. Naveen 0.10
ha
85 kgs 05 kgs
6. NDR-97 0.10
ha
90 kgs 06 kgs
7. Kalikhasa 0.10
ha
65 kgs 03 kgs
8. Sonamashuri 0.10
ha
70 kgs 03 kgs
9. NDR-359 0.10
ha
65 kgs 03 kgs
10. IET-17612 0.10
ha
85 kgs 03 kgs
11. IR-64 0.10
ha
80 kgs 04 kgs
12. Uphar 0.10
ha
85 kgs 05 kgs
13. Pratiksha 0.10
ha
90 kgs 06 kgs
14. Harinarayan 0.10
ha
70 kgs 03 kgs
Table –3: Nuclear –Breeder Seed Production Programme.
TO EXAMINE THE PRESENT STATUS OF ANIMAL
HUSBANDRY SECTOR SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
CROSS BREED
The objective of Animal Husbandry Department is to supply
the sufficient Protein the way of Milk, Egg and Meat. Here
discussing the fact is Milk production through Cross- Breed
.Table-04 show that the existing Cross –Breed status
It shows that existing status of Cross-Breed Milk Cows, Gross
total is including 4 districts in Tripura is 18,949 number.
Total Cattle 94, 8278 number, total CB female 61, 150,total
,Total Non – Descriptive in Milk 14,5788.Total ND Female
515176,total Cattle 94,8278 number, number, total ND cattle
847435number.
Year Area
covered
under SRI
(ha)
Total Paddy
Area (ha)
Per cent
Covered
through
SRI (%)
2002-03 8.8 2,39,670 0.003
2003-04 17.6 2,42,110 0.007
2004-05 176 2,38,950 0.07
2005-06 352 2,37,150 0.14
2006-07 14,678 2,35,272 6.23
2007-08 32,497 2,35,938 13.77
2008-09 39,490.5 2,28,710 17.26
2009-10 59,577.5 2,29,897 25.91
2010-11
(Kharif)
41,693 1,48,000 28.1
Sl.
No.
Name of
varieties
Area to be
covered(in
ha)
Production
Target(in kgs)
1 Harinaraya
n
1.20 ha 3600
2. Tapaswani 0.10 ha 400
3. Satabdi 0.10 ha 350
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 07 | Jul-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 53
Table-4 Important Figures of 18th
live stock census-2007 in Tripura State. (Provisional Report)
CB- CROSS -BREED
ND – NON- DESCRIPT (DESI COWS)
CROSS-BREED AND ND YEAR WISE QUINQUENNIAL GROWTH
Table-5 Cross and ND year wise Quinquennial growth.
Sl
No.
District CB in
Milk
Total CB
Female
Total CB
Cattle
ND in
Milk
Total
ND
Female
Total
ND
Cattle
Total
Cattle
Buff.in
Milk
Total
Female
Buffalow
Total
Female
Buffalow
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 West 11391 36901 42830 55445 203045 329814 373644 188 1016 1809
2 South 4365 14334 18038 46938 163559 276834 294872 574 2005 3688
3 North 1707 5739 7106 27095 93007 162574 1699680 1033 4954 7007
4 Dhalai 1486 4176 5569 16310 55565 105513 111082 369 1054 1656
Gr.Total 18949 61150 73543 145788 515176 874735 874735 2164 9029 14160
Sl no Kind of Live Stock Population as per 17th
LSC,2003
Population as per
18th
LSC,2007
Growth Rate
over2003 (%)
Yearly Growth
rate
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 CB Cow in milk 18041 18949 5.03% 1.30%
2 ND cow in milk 135475 145788 7.61% 1.90%
3 Total female(CB&ND) 434569 576326 32.62% 8.16%
4 Total CB cattle 57304 73543 28.34% 7.09%
5 Total ND cattle 701872 874735 24.62% 6.16%
6 Total cattle 759176 948278 24.90% 6.23%
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 07 | Jul-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 54
Table –5 shows that Cross- Breed number increase in year
wise.The observation found that 2003 CB number was 18041
and 2007 that number is 18949.Year wise percentage increase
is 1.30%.Total Cattle in the year 2003 the number was 75916
and yearly growth rate is 6.23%. Major default in the year
2007 total Buffalow percentage is (-2.01)% and it was
negative growth. 2003 the total Buffalow number is 14,45 and
i.e going to be decrease in the year of 2007 14,160.
INTEGRATED SMAPLE SURVEY REPORT (2009-
2010)
SEASON WISE MILK PRODUCTION STATUS IN THE
YEAR (2009-2010) IN TRIPURA
Per capita availability of local Milk is approximately 76.08
gms. daily during the year (2009-2010).
Table-06 shows that West Tripura total Milk production in a
year 2009-2010 45048.43 in ltrs.South Tripura total Milk
production in a year 29278.33 Ltrs. North Tripura and Dhalai
District milk production respectively 10331.39 Ltrs. Whole
Tripura Milk productions 1,00,640.39 in ltrs.
Table-6 Season Wise Milk Production Status in the year
(2009-2010) in Tripura.
Name of the
District
Name of Season Milk Production
(in MT)
1 2 3
West Tripura Summer 14592.95
Monsoon 15020.61
Winter 15434.87
Total 45048.43
South Tripura Winter 9489.56
Monsoon 9767.71
Winter 10021.06
Total 29278.33
North Tripura Winter 5182.68
Monsoon 5333.26
Summer 5466.30
Total 15982.24
Dhalai
District
Winter 3347.28
Monsoon 3446.47
Summer 3537.64
Total 10331.39
STATE
TRIPURA
GRAND TOTAL 1,00,640.39
CONSTRAINTS FOR ANIMAL HUSBANDRY IN
TRIPURA:
TABLE-7 VARIOUS CONSTRAINTS FOR ANIMAL HUSBANDRY IN
TRIPURA.
(Figures indicate percentage expert samples consulted)
Table -7 and bar diagram shows that there are the various
constraints for Animal Husbandry in Tripura.100% expert of
Animal Husbandry Department said that their not getting
proper market in Milk. 100% expert of Animal Husbandry
Department said that they don’t have proper infrastructure
facilities for Cross-Bred farming.60% expert of Animal
Husbandry Department said that their not getting sufficient
training which they required. 100% expert of Animal
Husbandry Department said that they are not getting
sufficient feed and fodders for the cattles.One of the major
constraints for cattle farmings is scarcity of land and
labour.Finally 80 % expert of Animal Husbandry Department
facing the problems of high cost .
Con
strai
nts
Non
availabi
lity of
regular
market
of Milk.
Poor
infra
structur
e
facilitie
s
Less
Traini
ng
Progra
m-me
Fodd
er
Short
age
Land
&
labour
decrea
se
Hig
h
Cost
Agar
tala
100 100 60 100 70 80
100 100
60
100
70 80
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1
Various Constraints for Animal Husbandry in Tripura
Nonavailability of regular
Market
Poor infrastrure facilities
Less Training Programme
Fodder Shortage
Land and labour decrease
Highcost
Series7
7. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 07 | Jul-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 55
Fig-1: VARIOUS CONSTRAINTS FOR ANIMAL HUSBANDRY IN
TRIPURA.
CONCLUSIONS
The problems of the Agricultural Sector and Animal
Husbandry in Tripura are serious and remedial measure should
be taken to overcome these problems. Though SRI have given
a remarkable achievement and changes in the agriculture crops
mainly paddy but enough importance should also be given to
the other crops like Maize, Bottle Gourd, Radish, Cauliflower,
Sesamum, Rapeseed, Blackgram, Arhar, Pineapple, Banana,
Ginger, Chili Bamboo, etc. Animal Husbandry Department
also took various initiatives to for to increase the Cross Bred
cattle cultivation to increase the Milk production. For this
Agriculture and Animal Husbandry education ,research and
examination will play a very vital role. Agriculture and
Animal Husbandry research should be spread to the very
remote areas of Tripura so that small farmers can understand
the advantage of Agricultural Sector and Animal Husbandry
sector related research ,education and extensions activities.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
At the outset, I send my humble prayers to The Lord
Almighty for giving me strength, courage and determination
in pursuance of this task and also in the entire walk of my life
and Iexpress my sincere thanks to my father, mother and
brother.
I extend my sincere thanks to my research guide Prof & HOD
Dr.A.K.Ray whose total support, constant encouragement and
excellent guidance in every stage of my research has enabled
me to complete this manuscript successfully.
I thank Dr. Ashok Majumder vetty Asstt Surgeon,Govt of
Tripura for his encouragement and support.
I gratefully record my deep sense of gratitude Agricultural
Department Government Of Tripura for their support in the
successful completion of this endeavor.
REFERENCES
[1] http://www.agritripura.in/Agriculture/Pages/50%20YE
ARS%20IN%20AGRICULTURE%20IN%20TRIPUR
A%20.pdf
[2] http://www.agritripura.in/Agriculture/Pages/agri.htm
[3]
http://mizoramexpress.com/index.php/2010/09/agricult
ure-in-tripura-challenges-ahead/
[4] [4]http://www.iffco.nic.in/applications/Brihaspat.nsf/0/
724cb9c9cf212c8165256aab001e1178/$FILE/gcfai200
0.pdf
[5] http://dacnet.nic.in/extension/document/chapter/3.htm
[6] http://www.articlesbase.com/self-publishing-
articles/scenario-of-indian-agriculture-798281.html
[7] agricoop.nic.in/Rabi-2010/Tripura.ppt
[8] http://www.ifpri.org/publication/agricultural-research-
and-productivity-growth-india
[9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India
[10] http://icardablog.wordpress.com/2010/12/12/president-
of-india-keen-to-support-agricultural-research-in-dry-
areas/
[11] http://www.indiaagronet.com/indiaagronet/Indian%20A
griculture/mainagri.htm
[12] http://pashudhanharyana.gov.in/html/welschemes_Hi-
Tech%20commercial%20Dairy.htm
[13] ‘Tripura State Archive, State Agriculture research
Center, Arundhutinagar, Agartala City’.
[14] Tripura State Archive , State Animal Husbandry
Department, Gurkhabasti,Agartala City.
BIOGRAPHIES:
Miltan Kumar Acharjee I did my MBA (Marketing and
Finance Specialistion)in 2009.After that
I joined as aLecturer in Management at
Bhavan’s Tripura College of Science
&Technology affiliated to Tripura
University(A central University)Since
2009 to till date. I am doing Ph.D at
National Institute of Technology(Govt Of India) Agartala at
Humanities and Social Science Departmentat 2010 to till
date.I have two ISBN publication and lot of seminar works
,workshop participationetc.
Ajit Kumar Ray, Proffessor & HOD
,Humanities &social Science Department
at National Institute of Technology(Govt
Of India),Agartala. Area of interest :
Economics/ Rural Development