Information is crucial for agriculture and rural development. ICT based services in agriculture is gaining importance day by day. Paper proposes to study the nature of agricultural information its uniqueness and problems of handling and organization. Agri informatics and use of different web portals for agriculture also discussed. Paper also highlighted the ICAR and IARIs contribution towards development of NARS (National Agricultural Research System) and models showing Information flow and strategic plan for organization of agricultural information. Some recommendations for proper organization and dissemination of agricultural information have been made to reach grass root level with desired agricultural information.
USE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM BY FARMERS FOR IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY IN K...ijcseit
This paper shows the use of management information system by farmers for improve productivity in Kayah
state in Myanmar. The objective is to give first a brief overview why MIS is important in the farming sector.
Secondly the paper is aiming on the development of a FMIS that depicts all production processes and their
internal interconnections of a farm accurately. Thirdly this paper mentions what is agricultural
information management and why is it important? Furthermore, the MIS has to allow farmers to easily access all information which are crucial for the farm’s profitability. Finally this paper aims on highlighting
effective issues of management information system and what farmers and researchers have to consider during the implementation process.
Mobile phone an instrument of disseminating requisite agricultural informat...eSAT Journals
Abstract Bangladesh is densely an over populated country where a large number of people (more than 60 percent) are still living their livelihood directly or indirectly through the agro based jobs. The environment is very much favorable for agriculture. The contribution of agricultural sector to GDP is 20.60% In this regard, if the initiatives are been taken to provide the right farmers with the right information by the right way at the right time within the least cost, the success will be definite. Decision making is a very crucial part in every activity to be performed in an excellent manner. Any system applied for getting information and knowledge for making decisions in any industry should deliver accurate, complete, concise information in time or on time. The information provided by the system must be in user-friendly form, easy to access, cost-effective and well protected from unauthorized accesses. And to ensure all these there is no alternative other than telecommunication and networking technologies. Different collaboration and communication tools are available to share information throughout the world to ensure improved decision making. And those tools are also playing an important role to disseminate agricultural information. Mobile phone is one of the most popular electronic media among the natives of this country for news and information. Mobile phones significantly reduce communication and information costs for the rural poor in developing countries. This not only provides new opportunities for rural farmers to obtain access to information on agricultural technologies, but also to use ICTs (Information and communication technologies) in agricultural extension systems. Since 2007, there has been a proliferation of mobile phone based applications and services in the agricultural sector, providing information on market prices, weather, transport and agricultural techniques via voice, short message service (SMS) and internet. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the contribution of mobile phones on the dissemination of agricultural information for the farmers for their agricultural enrichment with emphasis on analyzing quantitative data gathered in a survey using a structured questionnaire that was generated on the basis of my theoretical study. Findings indicate a positive curve towards the dependency on and contribution of mobile phones. Keywords: Agricultural Information, Mobile Phones in Bangladesh, Agricultural Information Service (AIS), Technology Adoption, E-agriculture.
Lecturers’ Perception on Agriculture Mechanization in Rivers State, NigeriaAI Publications
The study investigated lecturers’ perception on agricultural mechanization in Rivers state, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted, four research questions which sought the information regarding benefits, awareness, challenges and solutions guided the study. Population of the study comprises 360 lecturers from three tertiary institutions in Rivers state. Data collection was achieved using a questionnaire comprising 32 items and rated on a five point likert scale. Mean was used for data analysis. For results, regarding benefits, the respondents agreed that agricultural mechanization boosts food production but disagree that it boosts employment of labour. For awareness, lecturers were generally aware of mechanization in agriculture. For challenges, they perceived lack of skills to use mechanized farm equipment as one challenge to mechanization. They perceived that favourable government policies could enhance agricultural mechanization. The study recommend that awareness on agricultural mechanization should be created and government set up agricultural machinery industries for developing and hiring out mechanized farm tools at subsidized rates to farmers.
Kisan Mobile Advisory Service- An Effective ICT Tool for Technology Dissemina...inventionjournals
The shifting emphasis of Indian agriculture towards diversification, commercialization, sustainability and efficacy has made it necessary for the state extension organizations to critically examine their extension approaches in relation to livelihood of rural masses. It was observed that our population is growing; per capita availability of arable land and irrigation water is shrinking. The frequent suggestion for food import ignores the fact that agriculture is not food producing machine, but is the backbone of the livelihood security system for over 60 per cent population. Development in science and technology in general as well as information and communication technology in particular endorses with ways of facilitating a wide range of communication, information and advisory services in process of technology transformation. Actually extension official are grappling with the question of how best to harness information and communication technology to improve rural livelihood wit sustainability. Sustainability emerges out of shared human resources objectives, knowledge, decision, technology and organization. Kisan Mobile Advisory Services (KMAS), which is a part of the ICT tools is employed by the most of the Krishi Vigyan Kendras in Orissa. In the programme the mobile numbers of progressive farmers, Krishak Sathis (Farmers’ friend), extension officials, and input dealers were registered and grouping is done as per the enterprise/activity basis for facility of filtering purpose. Till April, 2014 about 15000 numbers were registered. The usual messages are being serving twice a week and timely information/advices are communicating as per the need of the situation. From the list of progressive farmers, seventy five farmers were selected for the study with the objective to know their preferences and utility in their field situation. Majority of the farmers opined that time specific advisories are most important followed by weather forecasting and marketing information. The messages on agronomic practices are most suitable followed by management of disease & pests are found to be most suited as per the result. They suggested to serve the message on local language.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Participation of Farm Households in Watermelo...AJSERJournal
The study analyzed the factors influencing participation of farm households’ in watermelon production in
the study areas. Three local government areas out of Sokoto state were purposively selected. Questionnaire was used
to collect data. Multistage of sampling techniques were used to arrive at the sample size of 181 farm households’ for
the study. Likert scale is used to analyse the level of participation of farm households’, frequency and inferential
statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that (55.8%) of the farm households are within the ages
of 25-30 years, majority (96.7%) are male It shows that majority (64.0%) of the farm households participated in
watermelon production as a result of higher income generated. Multiple regression analysis result revealed significant
relationships between farm households participation in watermelon production and their socio-economic
characteristics at P<0.05. The constraints faced by the farm households are storage technology and improved
agricultural inputs. Most (63.5%) of the farm households believed that provision of subsidized agricultural inputs and
market accessibility are forms of assistance that will encourages farm households to partake in watermelon production.
It is recommended that government and donor agencies should encourage farm households’ by providing them with
the modern agricultural inputs so as to influence them to participate fully into watermelon production irrespective of
their Socio-economic differences.
Influence of Farmer Level of Education on the Practice of Improved Agricultur...paperpublications3
Abstract: The study examined the influence of farmers’ education level on the practice of improved agricultural technologies by farmers in Nyamusi division of Nyamira County. Multi-stage and stratified sampling techniques were applied for sample selection. Data collection was done by use of semi-structured questionnaires. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for data analysis. Among the descriptive statistic techniques used included Mean, Standard Deviations and frequencies. For Inferential statistics, correlation, Chi-square and cross tabulation were used to establish relationships between dependent and the independent variables. Internal consistency technique was used to ensure reliability of the research instrument through the computation of Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha and was found to be 0.81 which meant that the data collection instrument was consistent and reliable. A total of 332 questionnaires were filled by the sampled farmers but only 304 were completely and adequately filled and analysed giving a Questionnaire Return Rate (QRR) of 91.6%. The analysed data was presented using tables. The study revealed that 44.4% of the farmers had completed primary level education. The study established that farmer level of education did not significantly influence the practice of agricultural technologies. In order to boost farmer literacy levels, the study recommends that the Directorate of Adult and Continuing Education should consider working with farmer groups in promoting functionality of literacy centres.
USE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM BY FARMERS FOR IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY IN K...ijcseit
This paper shows the use of management information system by farmers for improve productivity in Kayah
state in Myanmar. The objective is to give first a brief overview why MIS is important in the farming sector.
Secondly the paper is aiming on the development of a FMIS that depicts all production processes and their
internal interconnections of a farm accurately. Thirdly this paper mentions what is agricultural
information management and why is it important? Furthermore, the MIS has to allow farmers to easily access all information which are crucial for the farm’s profitability. Finally this paper aims on highlighting
effective issues of management information system and what farmers and researchers have to consider during the implementation process.
Mobile phone an instrument of disseminating requisite agricultural informat...eSAT Journals
Abstract Bangladesh is densely an over populated country where a large number of people (more than 60 percent) are still living their livelihood directly or indirectly through the agro based jobs. The environment is very much favorable for agriculture. The contribution of agricultural sector to GDP is 20.60% In this regard, if the initiatives are been taken to provide the right farmers with the right information by the right way at the right time within the least cost, the success will be definite. Decision making is a very crucial part in every activity to be performed in an excellent manner. Any system applied for getting information and knowledge for making decisions in any industry should deliver accurate, complete, concise information in time or on time. The information provided by the system must be in user-friendly form, easy to access, cost-effective and well protected from unauthorized accesses. And to ensure all these there is no alternative other than telecommunication and networking technologies. Different collaboration and communication tools are available to share information throughout the world to ensure improved decision making. And those tools are also playing an important role to disseminate agricultural information. Mobile phone is one of the most popular electronic media among the natives of this country for news and information. Mobile phones significantly reduce communication and information costs for the rural poor in developing countries. This not only provides new opportunities for rural farmers to obtain access to information on agricultural technologies, but also to use ICTs (Information and communication technologies) in agricultural extension systems. Since 2007, there has been a proliferation of mobile phone based applications and services in the agricultural sector, providing information on market prices, weather, transport and agricultural techniques via voice, short message service (SMS) and internet. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the contribution of mobile phones on the dissemination of agricultural information for the farmers for their agricultural enrichment with emphasis on analyzing quantitative data gathered in a survey using a structured questionnaire that was generated on the basis of my theoretical study. Findings indicate a positive curve towards the dependency on and contribution of mobile phones. Keywords: Agricultural Information, Mobile Phones in Bangladesh, Agricultural Information Service (AIS), Technology Adoption, E-agriculture.
Lecturers’ Perception on Agriculture Mechanization in Rivers State, NigeriaAI Publications
The study investigated lecturers’ perception on agricultural mechanization in Rivers state, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted, four research questions which sought the information regarding benefits, awareness, challenges and solutions guided the study. Population of the study comprises 360 lecturers from three tertiary institutions in Rivers state. Data collection was achieved using a questionnaire comprising 32 items and rated on a five point likert scale. Mean was used for data analysis. For results, regarding benefits, the respondents agreed that agricultural mechanization boosts food production but disagree that it boosts employment of labour. For awareness, lecturers were generally aware of mechanization in agriculture. For challenges, they perceived lack of skills to use mechanized farm equipment as one challenge to mechanization. They perceived that favourable government policies could enhance agricultural mechanization. The study recommend that awareness on agricultural mechanization should be created and government set up agricultural machinery industries for developing and hiring out mechanized farm tools at subsidized rates to farmers.
Kisan Mobile Advisory Service- An Effective ICT Tool for Technology Dissemina...inventionjournals
The shifting emphasis of Indian agriculture towards diversification, commercialization, sustainability and efficacy has made it necessary for the state extension organizations to critically examine their extension approaches in relation to livelihood of rural masses. It was observed that our population is growing; per capita availability of arable land and irrigation water is shrinking. The frequent suggestion for food import ignores the fact that agriculture is not food producing machine, but is the backbone of the livelihood security system for over 60 per cent population. Development in science and technology in general as well as information and communication technology in particular endorses with ways of facilitating a wide range of communication, information and advisory services in process of technology transformation. Actually extension official are grappling with the question of how best to harness information and communication technology to improve rural livelihood wit sustainability. Sustainability emerges out of shared human resources objectives, knowledge, decision, technology and organization. Kisan Mobile Advisory Services (KMAS), which is a part of the ICT tools is employed by the most of the Krishi Vigyan Kendras in Orissa. In the programme the mobile numbers of progressive farmers, Krishak Sathis (Farmers’ friend), extension officials, and input dealers were registered and grouping is done as per the enterprise/activity basis for facility of filtering purpose. Till April, 2014 about 15000 numbers were registered. The usual messages are being serving twice a week and timely information/advices are communicating as per the need of the situation. From the list of progressive farmers, seventy five farmers were selected for the study with the objective to know their preferences and utility in their field situation. Majority of the farmers opined that time specific advisories are most important followed by weather forecasting and marketing information. The messages on agronomic practices are most suitable followed by management of disease & pests are found to be most suited as per the result. They suggested to serve the message on local language.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Participation of Farm Households in Watermelo...AJSERJournal
The study analyzed the factors influencing participation of farm households’ in watermelon production in
the study areas. Three local government areas out of Sokoto state were purposively selected. Questionnaire was used
to collect data. Multistage of sampling techniques were used to arrive at the sample size of 181 farm households’ for
the study. Likert scale is used to analyse the level of participation of farm households’, frequency and inferential
statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that (55.8%) of the farm households are within the ages
of 25-30 years, majority (96.7%) are male It shows that majority (64.0%) of the farm households participated in
watermelon production as a result of higher income generated. Multiple regression analysis result revealed significant
relationships between farm households participation in watermelon production and their socio-economic
characteristics at P<0.05. The constraints faced by the farm households are storage technology and improved
agricultural inputs. Most (63.5%) of the farm households believed that provision of subsidized agricultural inputs and
market accessibility are forms of assistance that will encourages farm households to partake in watermelon production.
It is recommended that government and donor agencies should encourage farm households’ by providing them with
the modern agricultural inputs so as to influence them to participate fully into watermelon production irrespective of
their Socio-economic differences.
Influence of Farmer Level of Education on the Practice of Improved Agricultur...paperpublications3
Abstract: The study examined the influence of farmers’ education level on the practice of improved agricultural technologies by farmers in Nyamusi division of Nyamira County. Multi-stage and stratified sampling techniques were applied for sample selection. Data collection was done by use of semi-structured questionnaires. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for data analysis. Among the descriptive statistic techniques used included Mean, Standard Deviations and frequencies. For Inferential statistics, correlation, Chi-square and cross tabulation were used to establish relationships between dependent and the independent variables. Internal consistency technique was used to ensure reliability of the research instrument through the computation of Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha and was found to be 0.81 which meant that the data collection instrument was consistent and reliable. A total of 332 questionnaires were filled by the sampled farmers but only 304 were completely and adequately filled and analysed giving a Questionnaire Return Rate (QRR) of 91.6%. The analysed data was presented using tables. The study revealed that 44.4% of the farmers had completed primary level education. The study established that farmer level of education did not significantly influence the practice of agricultural technologies. In order to boost farmer literacy levels, the study recommends that the Directorate of Adult and Continuing Education should consider working with farmer groups in promoting functionality of literacy centres.
Factors Influencing Adoption of Improved Agricultural Technologies (IATs) amo...Premier Publishers
The study examined factors influencing adoption of improved agricultural technologies (IATs) among smallholder farmers in rural communities of Kaduna State.The study was conducted in Giwa and Sabon-gari Local Government Areas. Three objectives guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive research design. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select the farming communities for the study. Two rural communities (Bassawa and Shika) were purposely selected out of 16 villages primarily because of their age-long agricultural technologies. The sample size of the study was 200 smallholder farmers made up of 100 farmers from each of the communities which were purposively selected. Primary data were collected using a structured interview schedule, focus group discussion and in-depth interview while the secondary data which relate to the objectives of the study were collected from the office of the Kaduna State Agricultural Development Project (ADP) and National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS), ABU, Zaria. Data were analyzed using frequency and percentages. Results from the findings of the study revealed a positive significant (p<0.05) influence on adoption of agricultural technology and farmers’ educational levels, gender and age also had a positive significant influence on the adoption of technology. Therefore, the following recommendations were made: there is need to increase farmers’ capital and credit facilities and make funds accessible to the farmers. Also, it is therefore imperative for Government to ensure that policies that support the adoption of improved agricultural technologies are put in place.
Determinants of Farmers’ Adoption of Agricultural Development Programme Exten...BRNSS Publication Hub
The study analyzed the determinants of farmers’ adoption of Agricultural Development Programme (ADP)
extension technology packages in Ivo L.G.A of Ebonyi State. Multistage sampling procedure was employed
to select 80 farmers and eight extension agents who formed the respondents for the study. Data were
collected through the aid of questionnaire and interview schedule whereas the analysis was done using
descriptive and inferential statistics suiting each specific objective. The result showed that most of the
farmers (82.50%) and extension agents (75%) were males, respectively. Evidence showed that the mean age
of the farmers was 37 years while the mean age of the extension agents was 44 years. It was obvious that
67.50% and 75% of the farmers and extension agents were, respectively, married. The mean annual income
of the farmers and extension agents was ₦98,070 and ₦504,200, respectively. The result showed further
that about 81.9% change in the dependent variable (adoption of extension technology packages) was caused
by variations of socio-economic characteristics included in the regression model. The following were the
research recommendations; educational facilities should be made available for rural farmers to enhance
easy adoption of ADP extension technology packages to enhance production; government and NGOs should
endeavor to subsidize the cost of ADP extension technology packages to enhance easy adoption by rural
farmers; and credit institutions are advised to give farmers loans to enhance their accessibility of ADP
extension technology packages in the area
Analysis of the Usage of Information Communication Technologies (ICT) in Acce...AJSERJournal
Owing to the importance of information communication technologies on activities of rural households, this
study analyzed the usage of ICTs in dissemination of agricultural information to smallholder farmers in Kwara state,
Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from 210 smallholder farmers which were selected
using both random and systematic sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics and chi square were used to analyze
data. The results reveal that the mean age of the farmers was 37.6 years, while 52.9% of the farmers were females. The
three most important ICT tools used by farmers were mobile phone, radio and television. There was relevance and
timeliness in the quality of information through radio and mobile phone, respectively based on farmers’ perception.
However, the major constraints identified by farmers were erratic power supply, high call rates and bad networks.
There was significant relationship between respondents’ age (χ2=17.333., p= 0.010), gender (χ2=32.267., p= 0.000),
education (χ2=122.000, p= 0.000), marital status (χ2=18.467, p= 0.048) and the type of ICTs used in agricultural
information dissemination. The study therefore concludes that ICTs is well used by the farmers. The study recommends
amongst others the need for relevant stakeholders to set up an enabling environment that will enhance economic
development.
Perception of Cattle Herdsmen on the use of Information and Communication Tec...AI Publications
The study was carried out to investigate the perception of cattle herdsmen on the use of information and communication technology in management practice in Akinyele local government of Oyo state. Multistage sampling procedure was used for the study. A total of 164 questionnaire were administered and 135questionnaires were retrieved. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using the frequency table, simple percentage, chi square and PPMC (Pearson product moment of correlation).97.8% and 2.2% respectively represent the percentage of male and female respondent. The ages of the respondents were 56years and above (3.7%), 46-55years (5.2%), 36-45years (43.7%), 26-35years (32.6%), 15-25years (14.8%). Majority of the respondents (45.2%) and (72.6%) get information from television and radio set respectively. The result obtained showed that majority of the respondents (63.0%) strongly agreed that the use of ICT promotes productivity while 33.3% of the respondent agreed. Also, 47.4% of the respondent agreed that perception of cattle rearing to the use of ICT for management practices promote farming, 40.7% of the respondent strongly agreed.From the research, respondents see poor power supply, economic barrier, level of education as major constraint.PPMC shows that there was significant relationship between constraints to the use of various ICT tools and perception of the herdsmen (r= 0.944, p=0.000), the level of perception of the herdsmen and the entire hypothesis tested were all significant. Effort should be made by government to improve ways by which the recommended ICT tools can get to the herdsmen so as to enhance their production.
Article 3 An Analysis of Socio Economic Background of Organic Farmers A Study...Dr UMA K
Reference: Dr. Uma. K (2018) “An Analysis of Socio-Economic Background of Organic Farmers: A Study with Special References to Mandya District”, Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, (OIIRJ), {Bi-Monthly}, ISSN 2249-9598, Volume-08, Issue-04, Page No 358-368.
Influence of Farmer Group Membership on the Practice of Improved Agricultural...paperpublications3
The study examined the influence of farmer group membership on the practice of improved agricultural technologies by farmers in Nyamusi division of Nyamira County. Multi-stage and stratified sampling techniques were applied for sample selection. Data collection was done by use of semi-structured questionnaires. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for data analysis. Among the descriptive statistic techniques used included Mean, Standard Deviations and frequencies. For Inferential statistics, chi-square and cross tabulation were used to establish relationships between dependent and the independent variables. A total of 332 questionnaires were filled by the sampled farmers but only 304 were completely and adequately filled and analysed. The analysed data was presented using tables. From the analysis 229(75.3%) of the farmers belonged to a farmer group while 75(24.7%) were not members of any farmer group. The results indicated that the relationship was significant at 0.005 and 0.006 for the practice of greenhouse farming and Artificial insemination respectively. It can be concluded that membership in a farmer group increased the chance of a farmer practice of greenhouse farming and Artificial insemination. The study recommends that government should facilitate the Farmer Groups to transform their organizations into cooperatives in order to gain legal identify to transact business, increase their bargaining power and intensify their collective voices in policy engagement.
The information and communication is a vital resource for agriculture and may contribute considerably to make sure food security and property by making awareness and talent development through access to information. The initial and most distinguished player of information delivery is public sector extension services that from past few years are sometimes criticized for their ineffective targeting, poor reach and also the vast body value of delivering information. Since past few years, the forceful increase in mobile penetration even in rural areas has result in evolution of ICT-based extension services models to publicize agriculture connected information. The goal of discrimination the mobile phone-enabled info delivery mechanism is to possess inclusive growth by reducing the information gap between enormous and little farmers and by making awareness. With this end, this paper analysis specific objectives excluding distinguishing potential desires of data and also the existing sources, includes the meta analysis of mobile impact studies chiefly in India in terms of up farmers socio-economic conditions by being higher connected to extension services, improved access to markets and higher science info.
Source, Availability and Use of Agricultural Informationby Extension Agents i...paperpublications3
Abstract: Assessment of the agricultural information systems and communication arrangement used by extension workers provided a framework to identify the strength and weaknesses of the current systems and led to recommendations to improve their performance. Structured interviews were used to collect data from a randomly selected twenty eight extension workers of the Sidama zone of SNNPRs. The data analysis was performed using SPSS. The responses indicated that Woreda agricultural office top rated (77.8%), followed by mass media (55.6%), news paper (51.9%) and mobile (37%) by delivering agricultural information regularly. The result of the study shows that all of the respondents (100%) have got agricultural information in the form of training and extension meeting. Similarly, 96.3% have got from local radio program and 88.9% from field visit, manual and national radio program. In addition to this, national television program, leaflets, and regional television program serves as source of agricultural information for 74.1, 74.1, and 70.4% of the respondents respectively whereas reports and websites provide agricultural information for 3.7 and7.4% respectively. Among the respondents, the majority (59.3%) have used notebook to file agricultural information obtained from different sources through different means. However, 3.7 and 29.6% of them have been used farmers training centers (FTC) and kept the original document to file the available agricultural information. Based on the result of the study most (74.04%) of the respondents were highly motivated on their work. However 22.2 and 3.7% of them were low and medium motivated on their work respectively. The study revealed that extension agents in the study area had adequate job autonomy. However the extension workers did not have an appropriate information management system. The finding of this research revealed that the governments need to frame sensitive policies to address the problem of the extension workers loyalty to their organization in order to increase their commitment in which they play vital roles in agricultural development.
Make In India – Healthcare Reforms, Insurance, Innovations, Investments & Inf...Indian Affairs
7th Annual Pharmaceutical Leadership Summit & Pharmaleaders Business Leadership Awards 2014
Friday, 26th December, Hotel Sahara Star, Mumbai, India
Make In India – Healthcare Reforms
Insurance,Innovations,Investments & Infrastructure
“Empowering India’s Developing Healthcare System”
Investing the Healthcare Solutions of Tomorrow in difficult Times
The Moral Questions on the Religious Basis for Terrorisminventionjournals
Terrorism has been informed and propelled by many factors such as tribal, political, religious and many other factors but experience has shown that religious factor has been a key factor for terrorism; sometimes, it is used to champion other courses which may be political or tribal. Religious terrorism is the justifiability of terror acts on the ground that such an act is sanctioned by a deity; thus, adherents are called to even kill in order to defend their faith. Religious motivated terrorism (e. g., Joshua conquest of the Canaanites in the Old Testament, ISIS terrorist attacks, Al Qaeda, Hezbollah in Lebanon, Boko-Haram in Nigeria etc.) is said to be the deadliest of all other kinds of terrorism. Looking at the religious basis for terrorism, one is poised to raise some moral questions such as: are there ethical justifications for religious terrorism? Is religion the bedrock for morality or vice versa? Since God has reason for all His actions, can He ever sanction the killing of His creatures for His delight? What is the moral undertone of martyrdom? Etc. This research considers these questions and more thereby unveiling a possible moral condemnation of religious basis for terrorism.
Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriocin Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria ...inventionjournals
Bacteriocins are the extracellular proteins produced by the bacteria which inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strains. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are predominantly present in the fermented foods produce bacteriocins. In the present study, six strains (three strains each) were isolated from the fermented Bengal gram samples containing with husk and without husk.The organisms isolated were identified as Pediococcussp and Yeast sp.by the biochemical characterization. The bacteriocins produced by these organisms effectively inhibited the growth of E.coli, Klebsiellasp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aerugenosabut couldn’t inhibit the growth of Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus sp. Strains c2 and c3 showed greater activity at low pH. All the strains showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus sp,E.coli, Klebsiellasp, Staphylococcus aureusand Pseudomonas aerugenosabut Proteus vulgaris showed high resistance when bacteriocin was exposed to temperatures 37°C and 80°C.
Phasic pattern of dry matter production and accumulation in different parts o...inventionjournals
A field experiment was conducted at farming system research unit of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kandhamal as a part of ongoing effort to collect the data in connection to dry matter accumulation and partitioning in three cultivars of cow pea during growth and development stages in two consecutive Summer and Kharif season of the year 2012-13 and 2013-14. The dry matter partitioning had been worked out at 30, 45 and 60 DAS from the stem, leaves and at only 60 DAS from the pods. Results revealed that total dry matter production were higher in the summer season as compare to the rainy season and it increased gradually with the age of the plant. The accumulation of dry matter was more in the pod as compared to leaves and stem. Among the three varieties tested, Maharani showed significant higher accretion of dry matter in the stem (3.38 g plant-1 ) as compared to Lafa (3.28 g plant-1 ) and Utkal Manika (3.13 g plant-1 ) during summer season. In the rainy season Lafa (1.98 g plant-1 ) yielded highest followed by Maharani (1.09 g plant-1 ) and Utkal Manika (0.99 g plant-1 ). Varieties showed the similar trends in the accrual of the dry matter in the leaves and pods, but the amount varies. Maharani accumulate highest during summer season in both leaves and pods 4.60 g plant-1 and 25.26 g plant-1 respectively and lafa performed better in rainy season where accrual of dry matter was 3.01 g plant-1 in the leaves and 19.81 g plant-1 on the pods.
Factors Influencing Adoption of Improved Agricultural Technologies (IATs) amo...Premier Publishers
The study examined factors influencing adoption of improved agricultural technologies (IATs) among smallholder farmers in rural communities of Kaduna State.The study was conducted in Giwa and Sabon-gari Local Government Areas. Three objectives guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive research design. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select the farming communities for the study. Two rural communities (Bassawa and Shika) were purposely selected out of 16 villages primarily because of their age-long agricultural technologies. The sample size of the study was 200 smallholder farmers made up of 100 farmers from each of the communities which were purposively selected. Primary data were collected using a structured interview schedule, focus group discussion and in-depth interview while the secondary data which relate to the objectives of the study were collected from the office of the Kaduna State Agricultural Development Project (ADP) and National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS), ABU, Zaria. Data were analyzed using frequency and percentages. Results from the findings of the study revealed a positive significant (p<0.05) influence on adoption of agricultural technology and farmers’ educational levels, gender and age also had a positive significant influence on the adoption of technology. Therefore, the following recommendations were made: there is need to increase farmers’ capital and credit facilities and make funds accessible to the farmers. Also, it is therefore imperative for Government to ensure that policies that support the adoption of improved agricultural technologies are put in place.
Determinants of Farmers’ Adoption of Agricultural Development Programme Exten...BRNSS Publication Hub
The study analyzed the determinants of farmers’ adoption of Agricultural Development Programme (ADP)
extension technology packages in Ivo L.G.A of Ebonyi State. Multistage sampling procedure was employed
to select 80 farmers and eight extension agents who formed the respondents for the study. Data were
collected through the aid of questionnaire and interview schedule whereas the analysis was done using
descriptive and inferential statistics suiting each specific objective. The result showed that most of the
farmers (82.50%) and extension agents (75%) were males, respectively. Evidence showed that the mean age
of the farmers was 37 years while the mean age of the extension agents was 44 years. It was obvious that
67.50% and 75% of the farmers and extension agents were, respectively, married. The mean annual income
of the farmers and extension agents was ₦98,070 and ₦504,200, respectively. The result showed further
that about 81.9% change in the dependent variable (adoption of extension technology packages) was caused
by variations of socio-economic characteristics included in the regression model. The following were the
research recommendations; educational facilities should be made available for rural farmers to enhance
easy adoption of ADP extension technology packages to enhance production; government and NGOs should
endeavor to subsidize the cost of ADP extension technology packages to enhance easy adoption by rural
farmers; and credit institutions are advised to give farmers loans to enhance their accessibility of ADP
extension technology packages in the area
Analysis of the Usage of Information Communication Technologies (ICT) in Acce...AJSERJournal
Owing to the importance of information communication technologies on activities of rural households, this
study analyzed the usage of ICTs in dissemination of agricultural information to smallholder farmers in Kwara state,
Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from 210 smallholder farmers which were selected
using both random and systematic sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics and chi square were used to analyze
data. The results reveal that the mean age of the farmers was 37.6 years, while 52.9% of the farmers were females. The
three most important ICT tools used by farmers were mobile phone, radio and television. There was relevance and
timeliness in the quality of information through radio and mobile phone, respectively based on farmers’ perception.
However, the major constraints identified by farmers were erratic power supply, high call rates and bad networks.
There was significant relationship between respondents’ age (χ2=17.333., p= 0.010), gender (χ2=32.267., p= 0.000),
education (χ2=122.000, p= 0.000), marital status (χ2=18.467, p= 0.048) and the type of ICTs used in agricultural
information dissemination. The study therefore concludes that ICTs is well used by the farmers. The study recommends
amongst others the need for relevant stakeholders to set up an enabling environment that will enhance economic
development.
Perception of Cattle Herdsmen on the use of Information and Communication Tec...AI Publications
The study was carried out to investigate the perception of cattle herdsmen on the use of information and communication technology in management practice in Akinyele local government of Oyo state. Multistage sampling procedure was used for the study. A total of 164 questionnaire were administered and 135questionnaires were retrieved. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using the frequency table, simple percentage, chi square and PPMC (Pearson product moment of correlation).97.8% and 2.2% respectively represent the percentage of male and female respondent. The ages of the respondents were 56years and above (3.7%), 46-55years (5.2%), 36-45years (43.7%), 26-35years (32.6%), 15-25years (14.8%). Majority of the respondents (45.2%) and (72.6%) get information from television and radio set respectively. The result obtained showed that majority of the respondents (63.0%) strongly agreed that the use of ICT promotes productivity while 33.3% of the respondent agreed. Also, 47.4% of the respondent agreed that perception of cattle rearing to the use of ICT for management practices promote farming, 40.7% of the respondent strongly agreed.From the research, respondents see poor power supply, economic barrier, level of education as major constraint.PPMC shows that there was significant relationship between constraints to the use of various ICT tools and perception of the herdsmen (r= 0.944, p=0.000), the level of perception of the herdsmen and the entire hypothesis tested were all significant. Effort should be made by government to improve ways by which the recommended ICT tools can get to the herdsmen so as to enhance their production.
Article 3 An Analysis of Socio Economic Background of Organic Farmers A Study...Dr UMA K
Reference: Dr. Uma. K (2018) “An Analysis of Socio-Economic Background of Organic Farmers: A Study with Special References to Mandya District”, Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, (OIIRJ), {Bi-Monthly}, ISSN 2249-9598, Volume-08, Issue-04, Page No 358-368.
Influence of Farmer Group Membership on the Practice of Improved Agricultural...paperpublications3
The study examined the influence of farmer group membership on the practice of improved agricultural technologies by farmers in Nyamusi division of Nyamira County. Multi-stage and stratified sampling techniques were applied for sample selection. Data collection was done by use of semi-structured questionnaires. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for data analysis. Among the descriptive statistic techniques used included Mean, Standard Deviations and frequencies. For Inferential statistics, chi-square and cross tabulation were used to establish relationships between dependent and the independent variables. A total of 332 questionnaires were filled by the sampled farmers but only 304 were completely and adequately filled and analysed. The analysed data was presented using tables. From the analysis 229(75.3%) of the farmers belonged to a farmer group while 75(24.7%) were not members of any farmer group. The results indicated that the relationship was significant at 0.005 and 0.006 for the practice of greenhouse farming and Artificial insemination respectively. It can be concluded that membership in a farmer group increased the chance of a farmer practice of greenhouse farming and Artificial insemination. The study recommends that government should facilitate the Farmer Groups to transform their organizations into cooperatives in order to gain legal identify to transact business, increase their bargaining power and intensify their collective voices in policy engagement.
The information and communication is a vital resource for agriculture and may contribute considerably to make sure food security and property by making awareness and talent development through access to information. The initial and most distinguished player of information delivery is public sector extension services that from past few years are sometimes criticized for their ineffective targeting, poor reach and also the vast body value of delivering information. Since past few years, the forceful increase in mobile penetration even in rural areas has result in evolution of ICT-based extension services models to publicize agriculture connected information. The goal of discrimination the mobile phone-enabled info delivery mechanism is to possess inclusive growth by reducing the information gap between enormous and little farmers and by making awareness. With this end, this paper analysis specific objectives excluding distinguishing potential desires of data and also the existing sources, includes the meta analysis of mobile impact studies chiefly in India in terms of up farmers socio-economic conditions by being higher connected to extension services, improved access to markets and higher science info.
Source, Availability and Use of Agricultural Informationby Extension Agents i...paperpublications3
Abstract: Assessment of the agricultural information systems and communication arrangement used by extension workers provided a framework to identify the strength and weaknesses of the current systems and led to recommendations to improve their performance. Structured interviews were used to collect data from a randomly selected twenty eight extension workers of the Sidama zone of SNNPRs. The data analysis was performed using SPSS. The responses indicated that Woreda agricultural office top rated (77.8%), followed by mass media (55.6%), news paper (51.9%) and mobile (37%) by delivering agricultural information regularly. The result of the study shows that all of the respondents (100%) have got agricultural information in the form of training and extension meeting. Similarly, 96.3% have got from local radio program and 88.9% from field visit, manual and national radio program. In addition to this, national television program, leaflets, and regional television program serves as source of agricultural information for 74.1, 74.1, and 70.4% of the respondents respectively whereas reports and websites provide agricultural information for 3.7 and7.4% respectively. Among the respondents, the majority (59.3%) have used notebook to file agricultural information obtained from different sources through different means. However, 3.7 and 29.6% of them have been used farmers training centers (FTC) and kept the original document to file the available agricultural information. Based on the result of the study most (74.04%) of the respondents were highly motivated on their work. However 22.2 and 3.7% of them were low and medium motivated on their work respectively. The study revealed that extension agents in the study area had adequate job autonomy. However the extension workers did not have an appropriate information management system. The finding of this research revealed that the governments need to frame sensitive policies to address the problem of the extension workers loyalty to their organization in order to increase their commitment in which they play vital roles in agricultural development.
Make In India – Healthcare Reforms, Insurance, Innovations, Investments & Inf...Indian Affairs
7th Annual Pharmaceutical Leadership Summit & Pharmaleaders Business Leadership Awards 2014
Friday, 26th December, Hotel Sahara Star, Mumbai, India
Make In India – Healthcare Reforms
Insurance,Innovations,Investments & Infrastructure
“Empowering India’s Developing Healthcare System”
Investing the Healthcare Solutions of Tomorrow in difficult Times
The Moral Questions on the Religious Basis for Terrorisminventionjournals
Terrorism has been informed and propelled by many factors such as tribal, political, religious and many other factors but experience has shown that religious factor has been a key factor for terrorism; sometimes, it is used to champion other courses which may be political or tribal. Religious terrorism is the justifiability of terror acts on the ground that such an act is sanctioned by a deity; thus, adherents are called to even kill in order to defend their faith. Religious motivated terrorism (e. g., Joshua conquest of the Canaanites in the Old Testament, ISIS terrorist attacks, Al Qaeda, Hezbollah in Lebanon, Boko-Haram in Nigeria etc.) is said to be the deadliest of all other kinds of terrorism. Looking at the religious basis for terrorism, one is poised to raise some moral questions such as: are there ethical justifications for religious terrorism? Is religion the bedrock for morality or vice versa? Since God has reason for all His actions, can He ever sanction the killing of His creatures for His delight? What is the moral undertone of martyrdom? Etc. This research considers these questions and more thereby unveiling a possible moral condemnation of religious basis for terrorism.
Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriocin Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria ...inventionjournals
Bacteriocins are the extracellular proteins produced by the bacteria which inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strains. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are predominantly present in the fermented foods produce bacteriocins. In the present study, six strains (three strains each) were isolated from the fermented Bengal gram samples containing with husk and without husk.The organisms isolated were identified as Pediococcussp and Yeast sp.by the biochemical characterization. The bacteriocins produced by these organisms effectively inhibited the growth of E.coli, Klebsiellasp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aerugenosabut couldn’t inhibit the growth of Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus sp. Strains c2 and c3 showed greater activity at low pH. All the strains showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus sp,E.coli, Klebsiellasp, Staphylococcus aureusand Pseudomonas aerugenosabut Proteus vulgaris showed high resistance when bacteriocin was exposed to temperatures 37°C and 80°C.
Phasic pattern of dry matter production and accumulation in different parts o...inventionjournals
A field experiment was conducted at farming system research unit of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kandhamal as a part of ongoing effort to collect the data in connection to dry matter accumulation and partitioning in three cultivars of cow pea during growth and development stages in two consecutive Summer and Kharif season of the year 2012-13 and 2013-14. The dry matter partitioning had been worked out at 30, 45 and 60 DAS from the stem, leaves and at only 60 DAS from the pods. Results revealed that total dry matter production were higher in the summer season as compare to the rainy season and it increased gradually with the age of the plant. The accumulation of dry matter was more in the pod as compared to leaves and stem. Among the three varieties tested, Maharani showed significant higher accretion of dry matter in the stem (3.38 g plant-1 ) as compared to Lafa (3.28 g plant-1 ) and Utkal Manika (3.13 g plant-1 ) during summer season. In the rainy season Lafa (1.98 g plant-1 ) yielded highest followed by Maharani (1.09 g plant-1 ) and Utkal Manika (0.99 g plant-1 ). Varieties showed the similar trends in the accrual of the dry matter in the leaves and pods, but the amount varies. Maharani accumulate highest during summer season in both leaves and pods 4.60 g plant-1 and 25.26 g plant-1 respectively and lafa performed better in rainy season where accrual of dry matter was 3.01 g plant-1 in the leaves and 19.81 g plant-1 on the pods.
Events are an important aspect of popular culture. Particularly for corporations, event management is a tool for building a strong relationships between corporate and its publics. Planning an event is considered by the managers of the company as an improvement strategy regarding the corporates image and reputation. This study will put forward how events as a competitive advantage creates uniqueness for corporations.Nevertheless this study brings forward the features of event planning and the importance of events in the development of an area. The case which analysed in this study is one of the Turkish corporation in health industry namedİstanbul Cerrahi Sağlık Grubu. This corporation’s product- Ageless Clinic- host a special event called Key Party in February 2016. This event was planned and managed by a communication agency; Grandcarre İletişim ve Organizasyon. This case study was employed to analyse Key Party’s event planning steps based on Getz (2005) adopted by Bowdin et. al, event planning function.
Estudo Do Absenteísmo-Doença Entre Trabalhadores De Uma Indústria Do Estado D...inventionjournals
This study aimed to analyze episodes of absenteeism caused by diseases in general workers in a manufacturing industry in the Amazon to produce ribbons for thermal transfer printing known as Thermal Transfer Ribbon - TTR. Absenteeism and illness is an event that is related to the employee's absence their work activities and cause negative impacts on the productivity and profitability of organizations. Analyze the diseases that most workers away from their jobs becomes important because it provides a clearer view about the causes of these absences and can assist organizations to adopt actions that allow the reduction of those events. The research methodology was field in which information of 187 medical certificates were collected, which were later analyzed the information seeking to identify the main causes of sick leave and calculating the frequency rates of sick leave and average duration of absences. The results presented confirm that absenteeism due to sick leave are episodes that occur frequently in the studied industry and along with it presents a clearer understanding of how absenteeism and illness can impact the productivity of industries.
Amplification of High Frequency Wave through Nonlinear Wave Particle Interact...inventionjournals
A theoretical study on the amplification of high frequency wave has been made on the basis of a nonlinear wave particle interaction with drift eave turbulence in an inhomogeneous plasma. The drift wave turbulence, which is one of the common features of inhomogeneous plasma, is taken as the low frequency resonant mode field and is found to be strongly in phase relation with thermal particles. The plasma particles accelerated by drift wave turbulence field, may transfer energy to high frequency ion acoustic wave through a modulated field. A Max wellian distribution function model for inhomogeneous plasma has been considered under the standard local approximation, we have estimated the growth rate of ion acoustic wave, which is obtained by using the nonlinear dispersion relation. It has been found that amplification of ion acoustic wave is possible at the expense of drift turbulence energy
Use of Management Information System by Farmers for Improve Productivity in K...ijcseit
This paper shows the use of management information system by farmers for improve productivity in Kayah state in Myanmar. The objective is to give first a brief overview why MIS is important in the farming sector. Secondly the paper is aiming on the development of a FMIS that depicts all production processes and their internal interconnections of a farm accurately. Thirdly this paper mentions what is agricultural information management and why is it important? Furthermore, the MIS has to allow farmers to easily access all information which are crucial for the farm’s profitability. Finally this paper aims on highlighting effective issues of management information system and what farmers and researchers have to consider during the implementation process.
USE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM BY FARMERS FOR IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY IN K...ijcseit
This paper shows the use of management information system by farmers for improve productivity in Kayah
state in Myanmar. The objective is to give first a brief overview why MIS is important in the farming sector.
Secondly the paper is aiming on the development of a FMIS that depicts all production processes and their
internal interconnections of a farm accurately. Thirdly this paper mentions what is agricultural
information management and why is it important? Furthermore, the MIS has to allow farmers to easily
access all information which are crucial for the farm’s profitability. Finally this paper aims on highlighting
effective issues of management information system and what farmers and researchers have to consider
during the implementation process.
Study climate and impact of ict in cultivation of crops in yawal taluka, khan...eSAT Journals
Abstract
India is agriculture based country having two different conditions of farming and farmers due to natural irregularity now a day.
Here in this project we are going to study the role of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in the development of farmers
in Yawal Taluka in Khandesh region. Different ICTs are available for agriculture sector like SMS, Tele calling, TV, News let ters,
Magazines, call centers etc. After studying this we can conclude whether farmers are using available ICTs or not or whether there
is problem in using these ICTs due to lack of infrastructure and facilities in villages.
Keywords : ICT, SMS, Tele Calling, Call Centers
Farmers necessitate vast information to sustain their farmhouse activities. Information is
required not just on better and best practices & advanced technologies for production of crop
which is gained through Green Revolution but as well information about post harvest
perspectives including handling, processing, promoting, storage & marketing. Farmers need
access to convenient, firm, and pertinent information that can support intricacy inside which
their farm activities work. Even though farming expansion today has a wide array, this survey
demonstrates that in spite of pluralistic augmentation methods in India, the scope &
utilization of the said services are constrained. The purpose of this paper is to analyze rural
extension programs in of general society, private and third parts in India. The paper
investigates; fundamentals of extension, significance of rural extension, agribusiness
extension methodologies in India, general difficulties and limitations of agricultural extension
Development of agricultural e-commerce framework for India, a strategic appro...IJERA Editor
This study is aimed to put forward an inclusive and pertinent e-commerce framework that serves as a platform
for the development and improvement of rural agriculture sector in India; which plays a major role towards
socioeconomic development of rural livelihoods along with food security and poverty reduction. The main
approach used was to critically review and understand the National Informatics Centre (NIC) and the Ministry of
Agriculture policies. In general, these policies emphasize on promoting IT based information kiosks, establishing
gyan chaupals (Knowledge centers) in villages, construction of Agri-India knowledge portal. Next, the
challenges and information gaps were identified and translated in the form of agriculture e-commerce framework
which can be used to build an e-commerce application.
Agricultural Informatics is a valuable domain in the field of interdisciplinary sciences. This is responsible for the applications of Information Technology, Computing and similar technologies into the agricultural activities. This is the combination of Agricultural Science and Information Sciences. The field due to technological nature is much closed with the Agricultural Engineering or Agricultural Technology. There are many allied and similar nomenclature of the fields but all of these are primarily responsible for the same purpose. The field is rapidly increasing in recent past and most practiced in the developed nation. However, in developing countries as well Agricultural Informatics becomes an emerging field of practice and growing rapidly. Agricultural Informatics is growing both in pre and post agricultural activity. This branch is considered as branch of Information Sciences & Technology due to its technological applications in the field of agriculture and allied areas. Information Sciences are the broadest field within the allied branches and growing rapidly. Agricultural Informatics educational programs have started in recent past in different level and stream of education viz. science and technology. However within the broad periphery of Information Sciences it could be offered in other streams and under the wide variety of Information Sciences. This paper is broad and interdisciplinary in nature and deals with the aspects of the Information Sciences and Technology including features, nature, scope and also the potentialities in respect of Agricultural Informatics.
Information technology for sustainable agricultural development: A reviewKawita Bhatt
Sustainable agricultural development ensures safe and high-quality agricultural products in a way that Safeguards the health and welfare of farmed species, Protects and improves the natural environment, etc. ICT can play a critical role in various aspects of sustainable agricultural development such as Farmer's welfare, climatic change, application of fertilizers and pesticides etc.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE...IAEME Publication
Information and Communications Technology is an umbrella term that includes any communication device or application, encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications. ICT includes any communication device or application as radio, computer, television, network hardware, cellular phones, software, and satellite systems etc., as well as the various services and applications associated with them, such as distance learning and video conferencing. It is an integration of the technologies and the processes to distribute and communicate the desired information to the target audience and making the target audience more participative in nature
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Towards Indian Agricultural Information: A Need Based Information Flow Model
1. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714
www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 5 Issue 3 ||March. 2016 || PP.08-14
www.ijhssi.org 8 | P a g e
Towards Indian Agricultural Information: A Need Based
Information Flow Model
Kousik Chatterjee1
, Prof Sabuj Dasgupta2
1
Library In charge, Bengal Institute of Technology Library, Tech Town, Kolkata West Bengal India 700150
2
Head of The Department, Department of Library & Information Science, University of Kalyani, West Bengal
India
ABSTRACTS: Information is crucial for agriculture and rural development. ICT based services in agriculture
is gaining importance day by day. Paper proposes to study the nature of agricultural information its uniqueness
and problems of handling and organization. Agri informatics and use of different web portals for agriculture
also discussed. Paper also highlighted the ICAR and IARIs contribution towards development of NARS
(National Agricultural Research System) and models showing Information flow and strategic plan for
organization of agricultural information. Some recommendations for proper organization and dissemination of
agricultural information have been made to reach grass root level with desired agricultural information.
Keywords: Agricultural information, Agricultural Informatics, E resources, Information flow model,
Information & Communication Technology, Library and Information Centre
I. Introduction
Agriculture (arguably the backbone of India's economy) is highly dependent on the spatial and temporal
distribution of monsoon rainfall. In third world countries like India, Countries economy is based on Agriculture.
Agriculture is such an enterprise in which crop productivity depends on seasonal fluctuations, that affects yield
potentiality of Agricultural Crops. On the other hand most of the Agricultural Crops are perishable in nature.
Therefore timely, appropriate and area specific information is very vital in absence of which it may adversely
affect countries economy.
Indian Agriculture faces challenges due to Biotic and Abiotic stresses (impact of disease, insect and pest
infestations, soil salinity, heat, cold, drought, flood etc.), Climate Change, Changes in food habits and nutritional
requirements, Population pressure, Pressure of global trade and competitiveness, and Technological
development. Strategic intervention of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) in Agricultural
Input, Production and Output systems, integrate and facilitate trade, technology and food security, through
effective Value-chain and Supply-chain Models. This is a priority engagement.
Information like Seed, water, plant protection chemicals etc is considered as one of the key inputs for successful
sustainable agriculture and intensive farming. For qualitative improvements in farming including improved crop
production technology effective & efficient research and developmental programme is the need of the hour.
Farmers need information on agricultural resources, inputs, marketing and practices in planning and managing
their agricultural production activities to increase productivity, profitability and to sustain their livelihood.
Government and other stakeholders associated with agriculture equally needs the information for planning and
improving delivery of their services to farmers. Agriculture being a state subject, the Department of Agriculture
and Cooperation (DAC) formulates policy at national level for sustainable development of agriculture and for
achieving the development targets. To fulfill the same, the Department plans, implements and monitors central
sector and centrally sponsored schemes/projects. State Agriculture Department with its offices at District and
Block level provides wide range of pre harvest and post harvest services to farmers in the areas of Agriculture,
Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries and other allied sectors. Soil Health Card based Balance and
integrated use of Nutrients, Integrated Pest Management, Quality Control and Distribution of Inputs,
Registration of Dealers/Service Providers and Issue of License, Risk Management, Artificial Insemination
Centres, Infrastructure and Resource development, and subsidies are some of the important services.
Agricultural libraries have to play pivotal role to face these challenges by providing quick access to right
information in right time to the researchers .Information Need and Information seeking behavior will be
assessed for proper planning and policy making of agricultural libraries for rendering qualitative services to its
most vital user groups i.e. Researchers and Scientists Community. Agriculture supports directly or indirectly
about 70% of Indian rural population for their livelihood. Both Central and State Governments are involved in
the formulation and implementation of policies and programs to achieve rapid agricultural developments. We
have achieved self sufficiency in food production during so called” Green Revolution”. Again the yield per
hectare of cultivable land for most of the agricultural crops is still low compared to other developed countries.
2. Towards Indian Agricultural Information: A Need Based Information Flow Model
www.ijhssi.org 9 | P a g e
Land is the free gift of nature. So available land for cultivation is limited and it goes on decreasing due to ever
increasing demands of industries, roads, building constructions. So unless we are capable of improving our crop
production level we may face again food shortage. For this reason researches conducted throughout the country
and as a result of which new information generated. Agricultural libraries and information centers have been
playing pivotal role by rendering qualitative services and supports the teaching, research and extension function
of Agricultural Universities in India.
II. Objective
Paper proposes to
Need & importance of agricultural information
Users and stake holders of agricultural information
Problems during information organization and dissemination
Agricultural Informatics and Communication Network & use of ICT in Indian agriculture
Different agricultural portals and nature of information they provide.
ICAR and IARI’s contribution towards development of NARS (National Agricultural Research
System).
Models showing Information flow and strategic plan for organization of agricultural information
III. User of Agricultural Information
User community varies greatly with their diversified need, educational, social, economic, physical and mental
makeup. User community includes teachers, students(both PG and UG), scientists, research scholars, in one
hand as well as progressive, small and marginal farmers, extension personnel, local shopkeeper(dealers of
fertilizer, pesticides etc), vegetable sellers in local market, persons engaged in nursery, bee keeping ,cattle
&poultry farming etc on other hand. Agricultural stake holders include multinational companies, corporate
sector, banking, community groups& NGOs, agricultural universities, technology companies and Government.
IV. Nature of agricultural Information And Problems
The problems of rural agricultural information during handling, storage, organization and dissemination are as
follows.(5)
Area specificity: Information is area or locality dependent. Like “formula Index” in chemistry, “Area/Locality
Index” in Agriculture proved to be beneficial that surely provide right information to right user in right time.
Poor bibliographic Control: In developing countries like India Poor bibliographic Control of agricultural
literature like technical reports, Internal research reports ,lack of comprehensive and up to date lists hinder the
availability of materials for acquisition by libraries.(1)
Patents, standards played a significant role to research
community but many library have no such records.
Lack of formal training: Trainings in rural agricultural information, documentation, and retrieval are
considered to be essential both for information professional & user. Library professionals must be well
acquainted with computer application as well as they must have some subject knowledge.
Confidentiality factor: Confidentiality of some agricultural reports limits their availability to the user without
considering “Right to Information”. A Vettorazzi (WHO expert) stated that Government report/official
information on the adverse effect of pesticides is kept suppressed before the user community for reason best
known to them.(13)
Management problem: Agoulu (1)
suggested that management lack of appreciation of the importance of
agricultural information centers in realizing parent institutions training needs and research objective is a major
problem in developing countries.
V. Problem of Agricultural Information Indian Scenario
Following problems have been identified.
Farmer’s problem is not unidisciplinary & simple.
Farmers adopt multidisciplinary holistic approaches to their work.
Spreads of new technologies are highly uneven across different agro climatic zone, situations
depending upon diversity.
Gap between performance of research station &farmers field has proved highly persistent &latter
situation is more complex, diverse & risk prone.
Introduction of state of the art technologies accompanied by number of short & medium term negative
effect as interrelationship between subsystems is functional.
In report of FAO also suggested the following problems of Indian green agriculture. (6)
3. Towards Indian Agricultural Information: A Need Based Information Flow Model
www.ijhssi.org 10 | P a g e
Lack of market information in general and organic market information in particular is biggest drawback for
Indian agriculture. The current information base is low and even the limited information available does not get
disseminated due to lack of adequate channels for dissemination. As a result farmers are in a predicament as
they are unable to attune their production practices as per the market changes. Marketing network specifically
for organic products has not yet developed both in the domestic as well as export market.
Quality of Indian food industry is always a constraint for growth, low consistency of quality and contamination
in food products is a hindrance in capturing the available market especially the international market
Given the high levels of transaction costs for getting farms certified as organic it is a major deterrent for
enhancing organic production in the country.
Government has shown limited interest for organic agriculture, though the activities from government side are
increasing but till date there is no direct support from government side in terms of subsidy or market support
towards organic agriculture.
Lack of proper infrastructure in terms of roads from remote villages, cold storage facilities and slow
transportation infrastructure affects the cost, quality and reach of producers.
Indian organic agriculture is very fragmented and there are no organizations for managing the entire value chain
of organic products.
Agricultural departments, research institutions and extension services have for long been oriented towards
chemical input agriculture as a result there is a requirement for reorienting these officials towards organic
(green) agriculture.
Changing the cropping and cultivation patterns is slow and time-consuming process given the high levels of
illiteracy and large number of small and marginal farmers it makes the change process difficult.
Subsidies on chemical fertilizers and pesticide impede the growth of organic agriculture
Lack of proper infrastructure for distribution and conservation of bio-inputs is a major constraint hinders the
access of these inputs to farmers.
Existence of poor quality bio-inputs in market reduces the credibility of input providers. Lack of quality control
mechanisms for bio-inputs furthers the mistrust among farmers.
Bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides are perceived as less yielding.
Some climatic regions and soil conditions are not suitable for specific strains of organic production.
VI. Indian Scenario Computer Literacy
India has 16% of the world’s population. 30% people in India live below the poverty line and 40% are illiterates.
More than 65% live in alienated rural area and 60% earn their livelihood from Agriculture. Only a meager
3.63% of the 1 billion have access to telephone and less than 1% of Population has a PC. (11)
It is true that many people in rural areas who live below the poverty line can maintain their livelihood without
knowing the GDP and NAV value; this is not the worry, but providing access to timely information on
agriculture, weather, social, health care, employment, fishing etc which adversely affect the poor is really
matters.
Information and communication are considered to be essential components to empower poor communities living
in rural India in the development process and to inform development agencies and planners alike and for linking
and informing decision making process at every level. Yet information and communication systems are rarely
well integrated into development strategies and programmes. G Venkataramani rightly said that “A paradigm
shift in the perspective on transfer of technology and dissemination of value added information for agrarian
prosperity is the need of the hour. “(12)
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Agriculture is gaining momentum throughout the globe.
There is a huge demand for Agricultural Researchers and scientists with ICTs skills and profound Informatics
Knowledge, to leverage a mix of emerging and existing technologies for effective and inexpensive ICT
penetration in agricultural development, and to be the global lead enabler in innovating solutions for
productivity increase and prosperity, through Informatics for agricultural development. It requires about 100000
“agricultural graduates-ready” through agricultural informatics, for undertaking S&T based agricultural
development, and rejuvenating and ushering in agricultural dynamism in the country, by 2025.”(2)
ICT in agriculture, an emerging field focuses on the enhancement of agriculture in India. It calls for application
of innovative ways to use Information & Communication Technologies (ICT) in the field of agriculture. The
common problems in adopting ICT by farmers are ICT illiteracy, availability of relevant and localized contents
in their respective languages, affordable and easy accessibility and other issues such as awareness and
willingness for adoption of new technologies etc.
Agricultural Informatics emerges as a discipline which is fusion of Computer Science & Technology and
Agricultural Science & Technology. Seed is an embodiment of Knowledge System with built-in “Object
programming”. Acceleration of the use of information technology (IT) in the field of agriculture is through
4. Towards Indian Agricultural Information: A Need Based Information Flow Model
www.ijhssi.org 11 | P a g e
“formal education” discipline – Agricultural Informatics – for development and the utilization of information
system and technology for better and sustainable agricultural development. The Indian Agricultural Education
System produces about 25000 in number from about 300 Agricultural Colleges. They have the bigger role to
play in realizing “Agricultural Informatics” to the Farming community in the languages known to them. .”(2)
VII. Agricultural Information And Community Network
Farmers need information on agricultural resources, inputs, marketing and practices in planning and managing
their agricultural production activities to increase productivity, profitability and to sustain their livelihood.
Government and other stakeholders associated with agriculture equally needs the information for planning and
improving delivery of their services to farmers. Agriculture being a state subject, the Department of Agriculture
and Cooperation (DAC) formulates policy at national level for sustainable development of agriculture and for
achieving the development targets. To fulfill the same, the Department plans, implements and monitors central
sector and centrally sponsored schemes/projects. State Agriculture Department with its offices at District and
Block level provides wide range of pre harvest and post harvest services to farmers in the areas of Agriculture,
Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries and other allied sectors. Soil Health Card based Balance and
Integrated Nutrients Management, Integrated Pest Management, Quality Control and Distribution of Inputs,
Registration of Dealers/Service Providers and Issue of License, Risk Management, Artificial Insemination
Centres, Infrastructure and Resource development, and subsidies are some of the important services.(3)
Planning
and delivery of each service involves development of comprehensive database and a sound information
management system to facilitate access of information by respective departments, government officials,
beneficiaries and service providers. Digital Opportunities are emerging as a positive force for fostering
agricultural growth, poverty reduction and sustainable resource use. To facilitate "Information Access" for
efficient and effective planning and decision making by the stakeholders, Agricultural Informatics Division of
National Informatics Centre has been working to promote informatics in agriculture, in close collaboration with
the Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.(2)
The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) also focuses on research designed to
meet the needs of developing countries. Based in Washington, D.C., and supported in part by the World Bank,
FA0 and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), CGIAR supports thirteen specialized
international agricultural research organizations such as the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical
(CIAT), International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid
Tropics (ICRISAT), and the International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA)(7)
VIII. Agricultural E Resources And Web Portals
Many web portals available for agricultural sector are as follows.(8)
www.indiaagristat.com - It is a comprehensive source for Indian agriculture statistics which is regularly
updated. It provides authentic statistical information on sectors like agricultural education, agricultural export,
agriculture census, agriculture prices, agricultural insurance, animal husbandry, agricultural marketing,
horticulture production, agricultural wages and all other relevant agricultural statistics of India.
www.isapindia.org - The site is all about the Indian society of agribusiness professional (ISAP) which works
for helping the farmers' community and address the rural- urban income divide. It is a network of agriculture
and allied sector professionals in India and developing countries.
www.carrittmoran.com - This site provides, information regarding tea and coffee- statistics (on production and
sale), catalogues (of area- wise sale of different varieties of tea and coffee in India), market reports and TASI.
www.fciweb.nic.in - This is the site by Food Corporation of India. It works for effective price support, food
security, price stabilization and distribute food grains through public distribution system for the benefit of both
farmers and consumers.
www.fredisurti.com - Fredisurti is a flower company specializing in flower seeds. This site offers garden
consultancy and distributor for all kinds of seeds.
www.indiancommodities.com - Information on cotton, rice, wheat, oilseeds, pulses, spices, coffee, and tea.
This site requires registration, login and payment.
http://agricoop.nic.in/- This website on agriculture will lay stress on the agricultural sector, employment,
opportunities, industrial sector and infrastructure. The site also displays the plant protection information
network, Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, and national food security mission.
http://fert.nic.in- The website Department of fertilizers, Govt. of India, gives information on different aspects
of fertilizer.
http://mofpi.nic.in/ - Ministry of food processing industries, is the main central agency of the Government
responsible for developing a strong and vibrant food processing sector; with a view to create increased job
opportunities in rural areas, enable the farmers to reap benefit from modern technology, create surplus for
exports and stimulating demand for processed food.
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http://www.nationalfertilizers.com/- National fertilizer ltd. is the second largest producer of nitrogenous
fertilizers in the country. They produce urea and fertilizers which are beneficial for all types of crops.
http://www.fertindia.com/ - This website gives in detail about fertilizer statistics in India, fertilizer prices and
fertilizer marketing in India.
http://www.upagriculture.org/- this agricultural site shows new schemes related to farmers, facilities given to
them, latest techniques, new agricultural policies, quality control, useful machines, insects/diseases of crop and
much useful information related to agriculture.
http://www.krishi.net/GovtLinks.asp#IO- This websites has a collection of various sites related to agriculture
and have links to Govt. institution, agricultural universities, state links, and international organizations
http://www.indg.in/agriculture/- aims to disseminate useful information about improved technology to the
farming community and service providers in the rural areas. It aims to create a platform for different levels in
the rural agricultural landscape - farmers, cooperatives and professional bodies, farm machinery vendors,
fertilizer and chemical companies, insurance regulators and agronomists, consultants, and farm advisors.
www.kissankerala.net/ - this website is a complete argil - info system for Kerala. Information on farming
practices, fertilizers & pesticides, planting material are available.
Figure 1: Home page of Agri informatics showing soil, inland mapping, and topography
IX. ICAR And IARI ‘s Contribution Towards National Agricultural Research
System(NARS)
To cope with the changing situation it is essential to develop NARS i.e. National Agricultural Research System.
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) during 8th
5 year plan (9)
embarked upon a project called ARIS
(Agricultural Research Information System in order to provide efficacy to the NARS. This was financially
supported by the World Bank under National Agricultural Research Project (NARP). The coverage of the
project being extended up to 9th 5 year plan under National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP).All
libraries of ICAR and State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) will be automated and linked with IARI, which
has been considered as National Agricultural Library (NAL).Agricultural Research Information Center (ARIC),
New Delhi is serving as a National Input Center for International Information for Agricultural Science &
Technology (ACRIS) , Current Agricultural Research Information System (CARIS) projects of FAO & SAARC
Agricultural Information Center(SAIC).
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X. Strategic Plan For Agricultural Information Handling And Information Flow Model
Agricultural information with its vastness and uniqueness played a significant role in countries development. It
is essential to handle, organize agricultural information with proper care with introduction of state of the art
technologies. In decision stage by employing intelligence, design the framework selecting best alternative take
feed back after trial run if implemented successfully. Information required in every stage specially when data
become insufficient choose alternative sources of Information.
Figure 2: Strategic plan for Agricultural Information handling and organization
XI. Agricultural Information Flow Model
Information flow model suggests creation of information leads towards identification & capturing of
information with the help of e resources and web portals towards storage phase (may be in digital storage in
Library) sharing benefits through agri informatics and finally for application & use. Use of this information
always enjoyed by agricultural stake holders like multinational companies, corporate sector, banking,
community groups& NGOs, agricultural universities, technology companies and Government. Use of
information is always catered by ICT intervention. Side by side researchers and scientists used data from
database, conducted research and disseminate the output to the farmers in Block level towards subdivision level
with the help of extension personnel. The information stored in state database used by the State Head
Quarter/Dept of Agriculture and Centre of Agriculture, Ministry of Directorate of extension .
Figure 3. Agriculture information flow model (proposed)
7. Towards Indian Agricultural Information: A Need Based Information Flow Model
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XII. Conclusion And Suggestion
It is essential to conduct comprehensive need assessment study to develop an understanding of the agricultural
related ICT needs and problems faced in using ICT by the farmer’s in various agro and socio-economic
situations; with emphasis on the small and marginal farmers. A primary survey was conducted using structured
Schedules / Questionnaires, Focus Group Discussions and Participatory Rural Appraisal. The different types of
ICT based delivery systems providing agricultural information such as Community Radio, Internet kiosk / web
portal, Mobile and Call Centers etc were considered as effective tools.
Ramaraju1 and others (10)
in their study suggested the following measures for successful and sustainable
agriculture
There is a need when catering to the farmer queries in multimedia mode i.e. voice mode ( in local language)
along with text, image and video.
Requirement of farmers through friendly and simple interfaces to access information and advisory services
in effective manner preferably through smart phones.
It is essential to develop a combination of push and pull based interactive system (essentially pull based) so
that the communication can be possible in both ways, i.e. from farmers to expert and vice versa.
It is essential to interlink location specific information from various service providers to cater to the
specific needs of the farmers.
A necessity for maintaining farmer’s database with their farming details, to enable an expert to provide
appropriate solutions to the concerned farmer’s.
Requirement of expert support system which has user friendly interfaces and reference content (e.g. SAU’s
Knowledge repository, farmer’s details, FAQs from the farmers query, etc) for fast and proactive delivery
of advices. The system should also facilitate an expert to be virtually available by giving him any time
anywhere access
References
[1]. Agoulu, I E .Agricultural libraries and the dissemination of agricultural information in Nigeria. Annals of library science and
documentation,47(3) (2000) 115-119.
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[3]. Centre for Agricultural Informatics and e-Governance Research Studies . Available at
http://www.shobhituniversity.ac.in/caigers/index.php (Accessed on12 Dec 2015)..
[4]. Chatterjee, Kousik. Bridging the rural digital divide in India: an emergence of e agriculture. IASLIC Bulletin,55 (1) (2010) 51-
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[5]. Chatterjee,Kousik and Rahman,Mokbul. Agricultural information towards rural development: a need based appraisal. In
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[6]. Government Role in Promotion of Green Agriculture in India. Available at http://www.fao.org/docrep/article/agrippa/658_en-
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[7]. Jones, Douglas. E Sources of Agricultural Information. Library Trends, (winter) (1990) 505
[8]. List of Indian Agricultural Portal. Available at http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/content/list-indian-agricultural-portal. (Accessed on13
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[10]. Ramarajul, G V., Anurag,T S, Singh H K. and Kumar S. ICT in Agriculture: Gaps and Way Forward. Available at
http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/egov/ifip/jul2011/shambhu-kumar.htm (Accessed on13 Dec 2015).
[11]. Tharyil, Abdul. Jaleel. and Rajeev K.R..Towards bridging the digital divide in India: challenges and opportunities from a national
perspective. Available at http://drtc.isibang.ac.in/bit stream/handle/1849/170/digitaldivide-rajeev.pdf(Accessed on28 Nov 2009).
[12]. Venkataramani, G. Holistic extension service. In: N. Ram (Ed). The Hindu survey of Indian Agriculture (Hindu; Chennai) 2004,
p167.
[13]. Vettorazzi, A.Safety evaluation of chemicals in food: toxicological data profiles for pesticides.part1.(WHO;Geneva) 1975 , p.2
Brief Biography of authors
Mr Kousik Chatterjee: After graduation in Agriculture from BCKV Mr Chatterjee Completed Master in
Library and Information Science from Kalyani University and stood 1st class 1st and then completed MPhil In
Library and Information Science. Presently he is pursuing PhD in Library and Information Science under
Kalyani University, West Bengal India. He is working as Library In charge in Bengal Institute of Technology,
Kolkata, West Bengal India .He published many papers in National and international Journals and conferences
and book chapters. His area of interest focuses Agricultural Information System and User study. He is Life
member of BLA and IASLIC.
Prof. Sabuj Dasgupta: Associate Professor Sabuj Dasgupta presently working as head of the department of
Library and Information science , Kalyani University, ,West Bengal, India. His area of specialization is resource
description. Prof Dasgupta published many paper in re[puted National and International journals.
