The human reproductive system includes the male reproductive system which functions to produce and deposit sperms; and the female reproductive system which functions to produce egg cells, and to protect egg cells, and to protect and nourish the fetus until birth.
In testis, the immature male germ cell (spermatogonia ) produce sperms by spermatogenesis
The spermatogonia ( sing. Spermatogonium ) present on the inside of seminiferous tubules multiply by mitotic division and increase in numbers
Each spermatogonium is diploid and contains 46 chromosomes
Some of the spermatogonia called primary spermatocytes periodically undergo meiosis.A primary spermatocyte completes the first meiotic division (reduction division) leading to formation of two equal, haploid cells called secondary spermatocyte, which have only 23 chromosomes
The secondary spermatocyte undergo the second meiotic division to produce four equal, haploid spermatids
Reproductive system of man
this presentation contains the content of reproductive system of male and female with picture description and sexually transmitted diseases.
prepared by - S.lavesan and s.subangan, the students of Jaffna National college of education.
In testis, the immature male germ cell (spermatogonia ) produce sperms by spermatogenesis
The spermatogonia ( sing. Spermatogonium ) present on the inside of seminiferous tubules multiply by mitotic division and increase in numbers
Each spermatogonium is diploid and contains 46 chromosomes
Some of the spermatogonia called primary spermatocytes periodically undergo meiosis.A primary spermatocyte completes the first meiotic division (reduction division) leading to formation of two equal, haploid cells called secondary spermatocyte, which have only 23 chromosomes
The secondary spermatocyte undergo the second meiotic division to produce four equal, haploid spermatids
Reproductive system of man
this presentation contains the content of reproductive system of male and female with picture description and sexually transmitted diseases.
prepared by - S.lavesan and s.subangan, the students of Jaffna National college of education.
The reproductive system or genital system is a system of organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of reproduction.
The reproductive events in human includes formation of gametes (gametogenesis) i.e sperms in males and ovum in females leading to the formation of zygote.
1)The menstrual cycle refers to the changes and the preparation that a women body goes through to prepare for pregnancy.
2)About once a month, the uterus grows a new lining (endometrium) to get ready for fertilized egg.
3)When there is no fertilized egg to start the pregnancy, the uterus sheds its lining starting off the monthly menstrual bleeding also called menstrual period.
4)The average cycle is 28 days, although it is perfectly normal to have a cycle in that is as short as 21 days or long as 35 days.
5)A regular menstrual cycle is an important element of successful concepton.
#The four main phases of menstrual cycle are :
1- menstruation
2- the follicular phase
3-ovulation
4-the luteal phase.
Reproductive system and its Classification Vipin Shukla
Human Reproductive system, Classificatio of Human reprodutive system, Parts and Functions male reproductive organs, Female Reproductive system, Parts and functions of female reproductive system,The Menstrual cycle, Assisted Reproductive Technology, Invitrofertilization, and its techniques, Most commonly used techniques, Les commonly used techniques, Transvaginal Oocytes Retrieval, Intra Cytoplasmic Injecection, (ICSI), Procedure of ICSI, Who are the patients required ICSI, Embryo Transfer, Zygote Intra Fallopain Transfer, Gametes Intrafallopian Transfer, Gift Technique, Surrogacy, Types of Surrogacy, Steps Involved in Surrogacy, Ither techniques,
The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in reproduction of new offspring. In humans, the female reproductive system is immature at birth and develops to maturity at puberty to be able to produce gametes, and to carry a fetes to full term.
The reproductive system or genital system is a system of organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of reproduction.
The reproductive events in human includes formation of gametes (gametogenesis) i.e sperms in males and ovum in females leading to the formation of zygote.
1)The menstrual cycle refers to the changes and the preparation that a women body goes through to prepare for pregnancy.
2)About once a month, the uterus grows a new lining (endometrium) to get ready for fertilized egg.
3)When there is no fertilized egg to start the pregnancy, the uterus sheds its lining starting off the monthly menstrual bleeding also called menstrual period.
4)The average cycle is 28 days, although it is perfectly normal to have a cycle in that is as short as 21 days or long as 35 days.
5)A regular menstrual cycle is an important element of successful concepton.
#The four main phases of menstrual cycle are :
1- menstruation
2- the follicular phase
3-ovulation
4-the luteal phase.
Reproductive system and its Classification Vipin Shukla
Human Reproductive system, Classificatio of Human reprodutive system, Parts and Functions male reproductive organs, Female Reproductive system, Parts and functions of female reproductive system,The Menstrual cycle, Assisted Reproductive Technology, Invitrofertilization, and its techniques, Most commonly used techniques, Les commonly used techniques, Transvaginal Oocytes Retrieval, Intra Cytoplasmic Injecection, (ICSI), Procedure of ICSI, Who are the patients required ICSI, Embryo Transfer, Zygote Intra Fallopain Transfer, Gametes Intrafallopian Transfer, Gift Technique, Surrogacy, Types of Surrogacy, Steps Involved in Surrogacy, Ither techniques,
The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in reproduction of new offspring. In humans, the female reproductive system is immature at birth and develops to maturity at puberty to be able to produce gametes, and to carry a fetes to full term.
The following power point discusses about how the process of sexual reproduction takes place in Humans. In it, we discuss about the male and female reproductive systems, then we discuss about how the process of fertilisation occurs in humans. Thereafter we discuss about pregnancy. Menstrual Cycle, Ways to control Population growth, STDs etc
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION - REPRODUCTION
2. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
3. THEIR FUNCTIONS
4. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
5. THEIR FUNCTIONS
8. BIBLIOGRAPHY
7. FERTILIZATION, PREGNANCY AND DEVELOPMENT OF
EMBRYO
6. MENSTRUAL CYCLE IN HUMAN FEMALES
3. INTRODUCTION- REPRODUCTION
Reproduction is the process bywhich alivingorganismis able to
produce more of its own kind. Reproduction involves the
transmission of genetic material fromthe parents to the children,
therebyensuringthatcharacteristics notonlyof the species butalso
of the parents, are perpetuated. Livingorganismreproduce in two
ways :
(i.)Asexual reproduction (in lower case plants andanimals)
(ii.)Sexual reproduction (in humans)
The humans reproduce sexually. The reproduction in human can
be studiedin 2 parts:-
1.Reproductive systemin human beings
2.Fertilisation, pregnancyanddevelopmentof the embryo
5. MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
Male reproductive system consists of the following organs- a
pair of testis, a pair of epididymis, a pair of sperm duct( vas
deferentia), urethra, penis and accessory glands.
1. TESTES:
• Testes are the male gonads. A pair of testes is present in a
human male.
• In the embryonic stage, the testes are contained within
abdomen. They descend down just before birth. Thus, testes
are extra abdominal. These are present in a thin pouch made
up of skin and connective tissue called scrotal sac or scrotum.
• The high temperature of body does not allow maturation of
sperm. Thus, the scrotum acts as thermoregulator and helps
in maintaining temperature at about 2-3 degree celsius lower
than the body temperature for the process of spermatogenia.
• Each testes is encased in a capsule of white fibrous
connective tissue called tunica albuginea.
6. • Each testes has several highly coiled tubules called
seminiferous tubules which are involved in the formation of
spermatozoa. The process of formation of sperm is called
spermatogenesis. The spaces between seminiferous tubules
are called interstitial spaces which consists of Leydig cells
or interstitial cells which secrete male sex hormones,
testosterone.
2. EPIDIDYMIS:
It is a long tube of 6cm in length, that remain attach to the
testis and lies within the scrotal sac. It stores sperm and
serves as a passage for their transport from the testis.
3. VAS DEFERENS (SPERM DUCTS):
Epididymis continues to vas deferens. It enter the
abdominal cavity through inguinal canal. The vas deferens
carries sperm from testes to urethra.
4. URETHRA:
It is a common passage of both semen and urine in case
of males.
5. PENIS:
Male copulatory organ, which when filled with blood
makes it erect. The tip of penis is called as glans penis. It
is covered by a lose retractile skin called Prepuce.
TESTIS
TESTIS
7. 6. ACCESSSORY GLANDS:
There are three accessory glads in males –
a. Seminal vesicle:
The seminal fluid is an alkaline viscous fluid that provides
nourishment to the sperms. Sperms get active when mixed
with seminal fluid.
b. Prostate gland:
It surrounds the upper part of the urethra. It secretes
alkaline fluid which keeps the sperm alive and helps them to
swim vigorously.
c. Cowper’s glands(bulbourethral gland):
These paired glands lie below the prostate gland and join the
urethra at a short distance from that of the prostate gland.
They secrete a white, viscous, alkaline secretion resembling
mucus which acts as a lubricant.
7. SPERM
The sperm consists of head, neck and tail. The head consist
of nucleus and the tip of sperm is covered by a cap like
structure called acrosome which releases an enzyme
hyaluronidase. The middle piece of sperm contains
mitochondria which provide energy for sperm penetration
and sperm movement.
STRUCTURE
OF A SPERM
8. Functions of main reproductive
organs in the human male
Organ Function
Seminiferous tubules Manufacture sperms
Epididymis Stores sperms in a viable but immobile state
Sperm duct (vas
deferens)
Contractions help in the passage of sperms
into urethra during ejaculation.
Seminal vesicles and
prostate gland
Secrete fluid which activates and nourishes
sperms
Urethra Contractions expel semen from penis during
ejaculation.
Penis Contains spongy tissue which, when full of
blood, causes erection and serves as the
copulatory organ.
9. THE COURSE OF SPERMS IN MALE
THE COURSE OF SPERMS IN MALE
Sperms produced in Seminiferous tubules
Sperms pass to efferent ducts through network
of tubules
Vas efferens
Epididymis (sperms are stored here )
Vas deferens ( sperm ducts )
Urethra in penis
11. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The female reproductive system consist of the following
organs- a pair of ovaries, a pair of fallopian tubes, uterus,
vagina and external genitalia.
1. OVARIES:
A pair of ovoid shaped ovaries lie in the lower part of
abdominal cavity, one on each side of uterus. Each ovary is
attached to the uterus by a mesentery, mesovarium. Ovaries
produce ova and secretes the female sex hormones,
oestrogen and progesterone. The process of maturation of
egg in the ovary
2. UTERUS:
The uterus is a hallow, pear shaped, muscular, thick walled
organ located in the pelvic cavity between urinary bladder
and rectum. Its upper broader portion is called corpus
uteri(body of the womb) and the lower narrow portion is
called cervix uteri(neck of the womb). The innermost wall
of uterus is richly supplied with blood vessels. Cervix is
mainly a sphincter muscle that closes the lower end of the
uterus where it joins the vagina called ogenesis. Normally,
only one egg matures each month in alternate ovary.
HUMAN FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
HUMAN FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
12. 4. VAGINA:
It is a muscular tube where the penis is inserted during
coitus( act of copulation) for the discharge of semen. It
serves as the birth canal during parturition and also
acts as a duct for the passage of uterine secretions and
menstrual flow. The opening of vagina in young girls is
partially closed by a thin muscular membrane called
hymen.
These are two oviducts or fallopian tubes or
uterine tubes in the human female reproductive
system. The funnel shaped end of each oviduct lies
near the ovary and is called infundibulum. It
margin bears finger-like projections called
fimbrae. Each infundibulum continues as a thin
coiled tube oviduct or fallopian tube. Both
fallopian tubes open into the uterus.
3. FALLOPIAN TUBES (OVIDUCTS):
FALLOPIAN TUBE
VAGINA
13. Functions of main reproductive
organs in the human female
Functions of main reproductive
organs in the human female
Organ Function
Ovary Manufacture eggs
Oviduct( or fallopian
tube)
Site of fertilization; conveys fertilized
egg/embryo to the uterus
Uterus Inner lining receives, protects and
nourishes embryo; contractions of muscular
wall expel baby during birth(parturition)
Cervix (neck of the
uterus)
Produces watery mucus which serves as a
lubricant for the penis
Vagina Receives penis during copulation; baby
passes along it during birth
Clitoris (external
organ)
Equivalent to the male penis
14. CHANGES IN FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM THAT OCCURS DURING MENSTRUAL
CHANGES IN FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM THAT OCCURS DURING MENSTRUAL
15. MENSTRUAL CYCLE IN HUMAN
FEMALES
In a human female, the fertility period extents from the age of puberty, i.e.
about 12-13 years to menopause, i.e. 45-50 years. The stage of puberty is
marked by the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics. The onset of
menstruation in a female is called menarche. The permanent stoppage of
menstruation in a female is called menopause. Between puberty and
menopause, the female reproduction system passes through a regular
monthly sequence of events called the menstrual cycle. These events are
controlled by hormones produced by the ovaries and the pituitary gland.
There are four phases of menstrual cycle-
Menstrual Phase:
The menstrual cycle starts with the menstrual flow, during which the
cellular lining of the uterus, which blood flow, is shed off. This process
continues for 3-5 days. During menstrual phase the ovary starts to form a
new egg in follicle.
16. Follicular Phase:
From the 5th upto the 13th day of the onset of the menstrual cycle growth and
maturation of the Graafian follicle takes place. Graafian follicle is the final
stage in the maturation of an ovum inside the ovary. The Graafian follicle
produces a hormone, estrogen. This hormone stimulates the uterus to prepare
itself to receive the ovum. The cells lining the uterus grow rapidly and develop
a dense network of blood vessels.
OvulatoryPhase:
In this phase, ovulation takes place. The Graafian follicle ruptures to release
the ovum. The cells of ruptured follicle form the corpus luteum which secrets
the hormone, progesterone. The release of the ovum from the ovary is called
ovulation.
Luteal Phase:
If the ovum does not get fertilize by any sperm during ovulatory period then it
starts degenerating. At the end of the 28th day this ovum is rejected along with
the uterine lining. This marks the start of a slow disintegration of the
thickened lining of the uterus and the next menstrual cycle. The empty
Graafian follicle in the ovary turns into corpus luteum.
17. Development of an egg, ovulation,
fertilization $ its implantation
FERTILIZATION- During sexual intercourse, the first step towards
pregnancy, the semen containing sperms is ejaculated in the vagina.
This is known as Copulation.
The spermatozoa are deposited high up in the vagina close to the
cervix..
18. IMPLANTATION- The zygote immediately begins to divide and
forms a mass of cells called morula. It continues to redivide and
now is called blastocyst. The fixing of morula in the endometrium
wall of uterus is called as implantation and female is said to be
pregnant. Implantation takes place about a week after fertilization.
They reach the top of the fallopian tube within 5 minutes of their
release due to contractions in the walls of uterus and fallopian tube.
The act of fusion of male gamete and female gamete to form zygote is
called fertilization. Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube
PLACENTA- The developing embryo is
attached to the wall of uterus by an organ
called placenta. Umbilical cord is a tough
structure that serves as the blood vascular
between the foetus and the uterine wall. The
embryo is enclosed in a sac called amnion
which is filled with amniotic fluid.
Structure of
Placenta
20. There is one more layer called chorion that helps in the formation of
embryonic part of placenta. The placenta is formed of finger-like
processes called villi.
FUNCTION OF PLACENTA:-
Placenta serves as a tissue through which oxygen and food are
supplied from maternal blood to foetus.
It also transports carbon dioxide and excretory waste from foetal
blood to maternal blood.
Placenta also produces two hormone-progesterone and estrogen due
to which neither ovulation nor menstruation take place till pregnancy
continues.
GESTATION- The period of complete development of foetus till birth
of the baby is called Gestation period. It is about of 280 days.
22. Bibilography
I have taken help of the following sites and books to
make my project :
LINKS : 1. https://brainly.in
2. https://wikepedia.org
3. https://www.quora.com
BOOKS :
• Biology Living Science class 10th
IMAGES :
• images.google.com
