Anatomy and physiology of Reproductive System. Part 2 is here..Part 3 is coming.

1. PRESENTED BY
S R . A N K I T A R O Y
T U T O R
S C H O O L O F N U R S I N G
A S I A H E A R T F O U N D A T I O N
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
PART 2

2. INTERNAL GENITALIA
 Vagina.
 Uterus
 Fallopian tube
 Ovary.

4. VAGINA
 The vagina is fibromusculo membranous sheath
communicating the uterine cavity with the exterior at
the vulva.it constitutes the excretory channel for the
uterine secretion and menstrual blood.
 it runs obliquely upwards and backwards at an angle
of about 45 ͦ between the bladder in front and rectum
and anus behind.
 In adult , the anterior wall is about 7.5 cm long and
posterior wall about 9 cm long. The difference is due to
the angle of insertion of the cervix through the anterior
wall.

5. HYMEN:
 The hymen is a thin layer of mucous membrane that
partially occludes the opening of the vagina.
 It is normally incomplete to allow for passage of
menstrual flow and is stretched or completely torn
away by sexual intercourse, insertion of a tampon or
childbirth.

6. STRUCTURE OF THE VAGINA
 The vaginal wall has three layers
 An outer covering of areolar tissue.
 A middle layer of smooth muscle.
 And an inner lining of stratified squamous
epithelium that forms ridges or rugae. It has no
secretory glands but the surface is kept moist by
cervical secretions. Between puberty and the
menopause.

7.  Lactobacillus acidophilus, bacteria that secrete lactic
acid, are normally present maintaining the pH
between 4.9-3.5. the acidity inhibits are growth of
most other micro-organisms that may enter the
vagina from the perineum or during sexual
intercourse.

8. FUNCTION OF VAGIA
 The vagina act as the receptacle for the penis during
sexual intercourse, and provides an elastic
passageway through which the baby passes during
childbirth.

9. UTERUS
 The uterus is a hollow muscular pear-shaped organ,
that is located antero-posteriorly in the pelvic cavity.
 It lies in the pelvic cavity between the urinary
bladder and the rectum.
 It is about 7.5 cm long 5 cm wide and its walls are
about 2.5cm thick.
 It weighs between 50 to 80 g.

10.  Parts of the uterus
 For the descriptive purpose uterus can be divided
into three distinct parts
 Fundus
 Body
 Cervix

11.  Fundus:
- This is the dome-shaped part of the uterus above the
openings of the uterine tube.
 Body:
- This is the main part. It is narrowest inferiorly at the
internal os where it is continuous with the cervix.
 Cervix(‘neck’ of the uterus)
- This protrudes through the anterior wall of the
vagina, opening into it at the external os.

12. THE CERVIX
 The lower portion or neck of the uterus.
 The cervix is lined with mucus , known as cervical
mucus.
 Cervical mucus provides lubricant & sperm transport
during sexual intercourse.
 During ovulation secretion of cervical mucus
increases in response to estrogen.
 But the when the egg is ready for fertilization, the
mucus then becomes thin and slippery, offering a “
friendly environment” to sperm

13.  AT THE END OF PREGNANCY
1. The cervix act as the passage through which the baby exists
the uterus into the vagina.
2. The cervical canal expands to roughly 50 times its normal
width for the passage of the baby during birth.

14.  Layers of the uterus
1. Perimetrium
2. Myometrium
3. Endometrium

15. PERIMETRIUM
 This is peritoneum, which is distributed differently
on the various surfaces of the uterus.
 Anteriorly it lies over the fundus and the body where
it is folded on to the upper surface of the urinary
bladder. This fold of peritoneum forms the
vesicouterine pouch.
 Posteriorly the peritoneum covers the fundus, the
body and the cervix, then it folds back on to the
rectum to form the rectouterine pouch.

16.  Myometrium
- This is the thickest layer of tissue in the uterine wall.
- It is a mass of smooth muscle fibers interlaced with
areolar tissue, blood vessels and nerves.
 Endometrium
- Made up of the columnar epithelial cells.
- Consist mucous secreting tubular glands.

17. SUPPORTING STRUCTURES TO THE UTERUS
 The uterus is supported in the pelvic cavity by
surrounding organs, muscles of the pelvic floor and
ligaments that suspend it from the walls of the
pelvis.
 Broad ligaments: these are formed by a double fold
of peritoneum, one on each side of the uterus.
 Round ligaments: these are bands of fibrous tissue
between the two layers of broad ligament

18.  Uterosacral ligaments
These originates rom the posterior walls of the cervix
and vagina and extend backwards, one on each side of
the rectum , to the sacrum.
 Transverse cervical ligaments.
These extend one from each side of the cervix and
vagina to the side walls of the pelvis.

19. UTERINE TUBES
 The uterine tubes are paired structures, measuring
about 10 cm and are situated in the medial three-
fourths of the upper margin of a broad ligaments

20. Parts
 There are four parts from medial to lateral are
1. Interstitial lying in the uterine wall and measures 1.25cm in length
and 1mm in diameter
2. Isthmus almost straight and measures about 3-4cm in length and
2mm in diameter.
3. Ampulla it measures about 5cm in length.
4. Infundibulum measuring about 1.25cm long with a maximum
diameter of 6mm.

21. FUNCTION
 The important function of the tubes are –
 Transport of gametes.
 To facilitate fertilization and survival of zygote
through its secretion.

22. ANY DOUBT??

23. THANK YOU