This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system. It describes the external structures including the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule, and perineum. It then details the internal structures of the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and urethra. It explains the functions of fertilization, menstrual flow, and childbirth supported by these reproductive organs. Blood supply and lymphatic drainage to the system is also summarized.

1. ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY OF
FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
SUMIT

2. CLASSIFICATION

4. MONS PUBIS
 The triangular mound of fatty tissue
that covers the pubic bone
 It protects the pubic symphysis
 During adolescence sex hormones
trigger the growth of pubic hair on the
mons pubis

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SYSTEM
5
LABIA MAJORA
 The Labia Majora:
 Protect the introitus and urethral openings
 Are covered with hair and sebaceous glands
 Beneath skin dense adipose and connective
tissue is preaent.
 Become flaccid with age and after childbirth
 Made up of squamous epithelium.

6. LABIA MINORA
 Located inside the labia majora
 Usually covered by the labia majora,
except in parous women.

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SYSTEM
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CLITORIS
 Highly sensitive organ composed of nerves,
blood vessels, and erectile tissue
 Located under the prepuce
 Urethral opening is located directly below
clitoris

8. VESTIBULES
 Triangular area which is bound
anteriorly by clitoris, posteriorly by
Fourchette and on sides by labia
minora.
 Contains openings such as urethral,
vaginal, Bartholins duct opening.

9. VETIBULAR BULB
 These are bilateral elongated masses
of erectile tissue situated beneath the
mucous membrane of vestibules.

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SYSTEM
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PERINEUM
 The muscle and tissue located between the
vaginal opening and anal canal
 It supports and surrounds the lower parts of
the urinary and digestive tracts
 The perinium contains an abundance of
nerve endings that make it sensitive to
touch
 An episiotomy is an incision of the perinium
used during childbirth for widening the
vaginal opening

11. NERVOUS SUPPLY AND
LYMPHATICS
 L1,L2 and S123
Lymphatics
 Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
 Intermediate group of inguinal lymph
nodes
 External and internal iliac lymph nodes

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SYSTEM
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FEMALE

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SYSTEM
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INTERNAL GENITALIA
 The internal genitalia consists of the:
 Vagina
 Uterus
 Fallopian Tubes
 Ovaries

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SYSTEM
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SYSTEM
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VAGINA
 The vagina is a fibro-muscular membraneous
sheath that connects the cervix to the external
genitals
 It is located between the bladder and rectum
 It functions :
 As a passageway for the menstrual flow
 For uterine secretions to pass down through the
introitus
 As the birth canal during labor
 With the help of two Bartholin’s glands becomes
lubricated during SI

16. UTERUS

17. uterus
 pear-shaped hollow muscular organ in the upper
female reproductive tract.
 Position= antevertion and anteflexion.
Parts
 Body
 Isthmus
 Cervix
.

20. Endometrium
 LAMINA PROPARIA
 SURFACE EPITHELIUM.

21. FALLOPIAN TUBES
 10 cm long, muscular tube lined with ciliated cells
 Major portions
1. intramural
2. isthmus
3. ampulla
4. infundibulum
 Layers= Serous, Muscular, Mucous membrane.

23. Functions
 Transport of the gametes,
 To facilitate fertilization and survival of
gametes

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SYSTEM
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OVARIES
 The female gonads or sex glands
 They develop and expel an ovum each month
 A woman is born with approximately 400,000
immature eggs called follicles
 During a lifetime a woman release @ 400 to 500
fully matured eggs for fertilization
 The follicles in the ovaries produce the female sex
hormones, progesterone and estrogen
 These hormones prepare the uterus for
implantation of the fertilized egg

26.  They are having a size of 3×2×1
 ATTACHMENTS
 To mesovarium by broad ligaments
 Pelvic wall by infundibular ligaments.
 Uterus by ovarian ligaments

27. 28-27
Breast
 Overlie pectoralis major
 Glandular structure
 Nipple surrounded by areola
– melanocytes darken during pregnancy
 Nonlactating breast has little glandular tissue

29. BLOOD SUPPLY AND
LYMPHATICS
 ARTERIAL= Axillary artery branch
Internal mammary gland
Intercostal artery
LYMPHATICS=anterior
axillary nodes
infraclavicular
nodes
mediastinal
nodes

30. URETHRA
 Extends from the neck of the bladder
to the urethral meatus.
 Measures about 4cm and diameter
about 6mm.
 Spincture urethra membranacae forms
the external spincture

31. Structures
Mucous membrane
Sub mucous coat
Muscle coat- inner longitudinal and outer
circular
Arteries- Internal pudental artery
Veins- Internal pudental vein
Lymphatic – Superficial inguinal nodes
External and internal illiac
group

32. SUMMARY

33. QUESTIONS
 QU

34. ASSIGNMENT