The document describes and compares the female reproductive systems of reptiles, birds, and mammals. It discusses the major organs of each system, including ovaries, oviducts, shell glands, uteruses, vaginas, and milk glands. It notes that while reptiles, birds, and mammals all have ovaries, birds uniquely have only a left ovary. Additionally, oviducts open into the cloaca in reptiles and birds but the vagina in mammals. The uterus is absent in reptiles but present in birds and mammals. The reproductive system of mammals is described as the most advanced of the three.

1. Female Reproductive System
A comparative anatomy presentation
By-
Rupshikha Deka
Tapan Moran
Department of Zoology
Tinsukia College: Tinsukia
Mammals, Aves & Reptiles

2. CONTENTS
1. Female reproductive system of Reptile.
2. Female reproductive system of Aves.
3. Female reproductive system of Mammals.
4. Comparison : Lizard, Aves & Mammals

3. Introduction:
• General Account of Vertebrate’s Reproductive
System
• Types of Reproduction
• Female Reproductive system.

4. Comparison : female reproductive organ & their structures of
Lizard, Pigeon & Rabbit
Lizard Pigeon Rabbit

5. Female Reproductive system
Reptiles
(Lizard)
 Terrestrial, aquatic, oviparous.
 Sexes different.
 Fertilization internal
 Development direct or indirect.
 Typical cloaca present
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF LIZARD

6. Major organ of female reproductive
system of Reptile
• Ovaries
• Oviduct
• Shell Gland
• Uterus
• Vagina & vestibule
• Vulva
• Milk Gland

7. Ovaries:
Small Paierd , white
Left ovary is attached to the right one.
Oviduct:
Oviducts are two long, white and thin wall.
Open separately into urodaeum.
Shell gland:
It covers the fertilized egg.
Uterus:
They are mainly absent.
Vagina and vestibule:
Opens dorsally in to urodaeum.
Vestibule lacking.
Vulva:
No vulva.
Cloaca opens through a slit like apperature.
Milk gland:
Usually absent.

8. PARTS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF REPTILES
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF LIZARD

9. Breading season:
During March, April in Northern India
Fertilization:
Internal inside oviduct.
Within the cloaca.
Eggs:
10-15 large, dirty, white shelled egg.
Laid in burrow.
Incubation:
No incubation
Development:
Outside the body in eggs on land.
There is no metamorphosis.

10. Reproductive system in Aves
(Pigeon)
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF AVES

11. Female Reproductive system of Aves
Aves are the first warm
blooded vertebrate.
Sexes are separate.
They reproduce sexually.
Example- Pigeon
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF AVES

12. PARTS OF THE FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
OF AVES
 Only left ovary.
 1 pair kidney.
 Ureter.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF AVES

13. Female Reproductive organs of Aves
 Ovaries.
 Oviducts.
 Shell gland.
 Uterus.
 Vagina and vestibule.
 Vulva.
 Milk gland.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF AVES

14. Ovaries-
Only the left ovary functional.
It is large and irregular.
Its surface has numerous egg follicle.
Oviduct
It is a long and wide tube.
Open into cloaca.
Antrorly open near ovary.
Shell gland
Includes magnum, uterus and vagina.
Uterus
Secrete hard calcareous egg shell.
True uterus is absent.
Vagina and vestibule
Last part of oviduct.
Open into roof of urodaeum.
Vestibule absent.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF AVES

15.  Vulva
 No vulva.
 Cloaca opens into cloacal aperature.
Milk glands is present to feed young ones.
 it is secreted by crop gland.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF AVES

16. Major reproductive function
 Breeding season
 All the year round.
 Fertilization
 internal, inside oviduct.
 Meeting of male and female sex organ.
 Egg
 Usually 2.
 Large, oval, white shell egg.
 Incubation
 Both parent incubate.
 Development
 outside the body.
 Takes place in shell egg.
 Without metamorphosis.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF AVES

17. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF MAMMALS
Rabbit
 Sexes different.
 Copulation- throughout
the year.
 Fertilization internal.
 Development direct.
 Shows parental care.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF MAMMALS

18. Reproductive organs:
 Ovaries- 1 pair
Small.
 whitish.
 oval bodies.
 Oviducts- 1 pair
• fallopian tube:
 coiled, narrow,
internally ciliated and
glandular.
• Uterus:
 long, thick, muscular,
glandular and coiled
with wider diameter.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF MAMMALS

19. PARTS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF MAMMAL
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF MAMMALS
 Vagina
 Forms by the uteri of both the
sides join together along the
median line to form a common wide
passage.
 Vestibule
 Also called urinogenital canal .
 Common passes for vagina and
urinary bladder.
 Clitoris
 small, erectile, and knob-like.
 Accessory sex glands
 Bartholin’s or Cowper’s glands .
 A pair of perineal glands .
 Rectal glands .

20. COMPARISON
 Small ovaries are present in Reptiles & Mammals, only left &
large ovary is present in Aves.
 Oviducts in Reptile & Aves open into cloaca which is long &
wide, but in mammals, it opens into vagina.
 Uterus is absent is Reptiles but present in Aves & Mammals.
 Calcareous shell gland present in Reptiles & Aves, but it is lack
in Mammals.
 Milk gland absent in Reptiles, Crop gland in Aves and Mammary
gland in Mammals.
 Among them, the reproductive system of mammals is mostly
advanced.

21. Comparison : female reproductive organ & their structures of
Lizard, Pigeon & Rabbit
Lizard Pigeon Rabbit

22. THANK YOU