The document provides information on the female reproductive system, including its external and internal structures and their functions. Externally, it describes the vulva and its parts like the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. Internally, it details the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus including the endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium layers, and vagina. The key functions of these structures include formation of eggs, reception of sperm, provision of an environment for fertilization and fetal development, childbirth, and lactation.

2. Objective
By the end of this lecture the student should be
able to:
1. Recognize the defined of female reproductive
system
1. Mention the functions of female reproductive
system
2. recognize the external female structures
3. Mention the enternal female structures

3. Definition:

The female reproductive system is the set of
organs and the hormonal signals they send
and receive, which are responsible for
ovulation, implantation, pregnancy, and
delivery.

4. Content of female reproductive
system

Eternal structures:

1.Mons pubis

2. Labia majora

3. Labia minora

4. Clitoris
5. Vestibule
6. Perineum
Internal structures:
1. Ovaries
2. fallopian tubes
3. Uterus
4. Vaginal

5. Functions of Female Reproductive
System

■
Formation of ova

■
Reception of spermatozoa

■
Provision of suitable environment for
fertilization and fetal development

■
Parturition

■
Lactation, the production of breast milk,
which provides complete nourishment for the
baby in its early life

6. External female structures( vulva)

• Mons Pubis.

• Labia Majora

• Labia Minora.

• Clitoris.

• Vestibule.

• Perineum

7. Mons Pubis
Also called Mons veneris. The triangular
mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic
bone.
During adolescence sex hormones trigger
the growth of pubic hair on the Mons pubis.
Hair varies in coarseness, curliness,
amount, color and thickness.
• The function of Mons pubis is to protect
the pelvic bones, especially during sexual
intercourse.

8. Labia Minora
These are paired of erectile tissue folds that
darkens and swells during sexual arousal
• Located inside the labia majora
. They are more sensitive and responsive to
touch than the labia majora

9. Labia Majora

10. Clitoris
•At the apex of labia minora is a hooded body
composed of erectile tissue called clitoris.
.It is very rich in blood and nerve supplies and
allows the women to experience sexual
pleasure and orgasm during sexual stimulation.

11. Vestibule
 It is triangular space bounded anteriorly by the
clitoris, posteriorly by the forchette and on
either side by labia minora.

12. Vaginal Orifice & Hymen
• The vaginal orifice lies in the posterior end of
the vestibule and is of varying size & shape.
• In virgins and nulliparous, the opening is closed
by the labia minora, but in parous, it may be
exposed.
• The hymen is usually ruptured at the
consummation of marriage.
• During childbirth, the hymen is extremely
lacerated

13.  • The opening is situated in the midline just in
front of the vaginal orifice about 1 – 1.5cm
below the pubic arch
Urethra Opening

14. Perineum
Is the most posterior part of the external female
reproductive organs.
• It extends from fourchette anteriorly to the anus
posteriorly.
• And is composed of fibrous and muscular
tissues that support pelvic structures.

16. Internal genital organs
 1) Ovaries
 2) Fallopian tubes
 3) Uterus
 4) Vagina

17. 1)Ovaries
 Oval solid structure, 1.5 cm in thickness, 2.5
cm in width and 3.5 cm in length respectively.
Each weights about 4-8 gm
 Ovary is located on each side of the uterus,
below and behind the uterine/fallopian tubes.
 attached to uterus by ovarian ligament

18. Structure of the ovaries
 Cortex
 Medulla
 Hilum

19. Function of the ovary
 Secrete estrogen & progesterone.
 Production of ova (female gamate)

20. 2)Fallopian tubes
 The two tubes extended from the cornu of the
uterus to the ovary.
 It runs in the upper free borderof the broad
ligament.
 Length 8 to 14 cm
 Its divided into 3 parts

21. 1. Infundibulum

It is funnel or trumpet shaped.

Fimbriae are fingerlike projections, adherent to
the ovary.

The fimbriae catch and hold the egg when it
released from ovary.

22. 2. Ampulla
 Which is the wider part about 5 cm in length.
 Inner layer made up of specialized cilia which
helps the ova in moving ahead
 Fertilization occurs in the ampulla

23. 3. Isthmus
 Which is the narrow part/nack like tube
adjacent/opens in to the uterus.
 Straight and cord like, about 2-3 cm in length.
 Fertlization process takes place here(fusion of
male and female gamates)

25. Functions of Fallopian tubes
 Gamete transport (ovum pickup, ovum
transport, sperm transport).
 Final maturation of gamete post ovulate oocyte
maturation, sperm capicitation.
 Fluid environment forearly embryonic
development.
 Transport of fertilized and unfertilized ovum to
the uterus.

26. 3)Uterus
 The uterus is a hollow, pear shaped muscular
organ.
 The uterus measures about 7.5 X 5 X 2.5 cm
and weight about 50-60 gm.
 The uterus divided intothree parts
 a. Fundus/body of uterus
 b. Isthmus
 c. cervix

28. The Function of the uterus
 1.Menstruation ----the uterus sloughs off the
endometrium.
 2. Pregnancy ---the uterus support fetus and
allows the fetus to grow.
 3.Labor and birth---the uterine muscles
contract and the cervix dilates during labor to
expel the fetus

29. a. Body of the uterus/ fundus
 The upper part is the corpus, or body of the
uterus
 The fundus is the part of the body above the
area where the fallopian tubes enter the
uterus.(cornu of uterus)
 Length about 5 cm.

30. b. Isthmus
 A narrower transition zone.
 Is between the fundus and cervix.
 During late pregnancy, the isthmus elongates
and is known as the lower uterine segment.

31. c. Cervix
 The lowermost position of the uterus "neck".
 The length of the cervix is about 2.5 to 3 cm.
 The upper part of the cervix is marked by
internal os and the lower cervix is marked by
the external os.

32. Layers of the uterus
 Perimetrium.
 Myometrium.
 Endometrium.

33. 1. Perimetrium
 Is the outer peritoneal layer of serous
membrane that covers most of the uterus.
 Laterally, the perimetrium is continuous with
the broad ligaments on either side of the
uterus.

34. 2. Myometrium
 Is the middle layer of thick muscle.
 Most of the muscle fibers are concentrated in
the upper uterus, and their number diminishes
progressively toward the cervix.
 myometrium contains 3 types smooth muscle
fiber
 1. Longitudinal fibers
 found mostly inthe fundus
 designed to expel the fetus efficiently towards
pelvic outlet during birth

35.  2. Middle fibers:
 These fiber contract after birth to compress
the blood vessels that pass between them to
limit blood loss.
 3.Circular fibers/inner layer:
form constrictions where the fallopian tubes
enter the uterus
Also prevent reflux of menstrual blood and tissue
into the fallopian tubes.

36. 3. Endometrium
 Is the inner layer of the uterus.
 It is responsive to the cyclic variations of
estrogen and progesterone during the female
reproductive cycle every month.
 this layer is shed during each menstrual period
and after child birth

37. 4)Vagina

It is an elastic fibro-muscular tube and
membranous tissue about 8 to 10 cm long.

Lying between the bladder anteriorly and the
rectum posteriorly.

The vagina connects the uterus above with the
vestibule below.

38. Functions of the vagina
 As the female organs of coitus.
 To discharge low of the menstrual flow.
 To allow passage of the fetus from the
uterus.(called birth canal)

39. cont….
 The vaginal lining has multiple folds, or rugae
and muscle layer. These folds allow the vagina
to stretch considerably during childbirth.
 The reaction of the vagina is acidic, the pH is
4.5 that protects the vagina against infection.