The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system. It describes the external structures including the vulva, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and vestibule. It then discusses the internal structures such as the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It explains the functions of these organs and how they work together in menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth, and sexual reproduction. The document also briefly outlines the structures that provide support to the reproductive system, including the bony pelvis, sacrum, and coccyx.
The female reproductive system contains two main parts: the uterus, which hosts the developing fetus, produces vaginal and uterine secretions, and passes the anatomically male sperm through to the fallopian tubes; and the ovaries, which produce the anatomically female egg cells.
ovaries, fallopian tube, component of internal genitalia, location of ovarie, boundaries of ovaries,external features of ovaries,ligaments of ovaries, support of ovaries, broad ligament, mesovarium, mesosalpinx, mesometrium, round ligament of uterus, blood supply and lymphatics of ovaries, prts of fallopian tube, blood supply of fallopian tube, ectopic pregnancy, polycystic ovaries,
The female reproductive system contains two main parts: the uterus, which hosts the developing fetus, produces vaginal and uterine secretions, and passes the anatomically male sperm through to the fallopian tubes; and the ovaries, which produce the anatomically female egg cells.
ovaries, fallopian tube, component of internal genitalia, location of ovarie, boundaries of ovaries,external features of ovaries,ligaments of ovaries, support of ovaries, broad ligament, mesovarium, mesosalpinx, mesometrium, round ligament of uterus, blood supply and lymphatics of ovaries, prts of fallopian tube, blood supply of fallopian tube, ectopic pregnancy, polycystic ovaries,
The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in reproduction of new offspring. In humans, the female reproductive system is immature at birth and develops to maturity at puberty to be able to produce gametes, and to carry a fetes to full term.
This PPT covers Anatomy and Physiology of Female reproductive system. Anatomy of female reproductive organs, oogenesis, hormonal regulation of ovaries and Female reproductive cycle (Mentrual cycle) are explained.
The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in reproduction of new offspring. In humans, the female reproductive system is immature at birth and develops to maturity at puberty to be able to produce gametes, and to carry a fetes to full term.
This PPT covers Anatomy and Physiology of Female reproductive system. Anatomy of female reproductive organs, oogenesis, hormonal regulation of ovaries and Female reproductive cycle (Mentrual cycle) are explained.
Physiology Of Menstruation
By: Nur Afiqah Binti Jasmi (11-2013-031) & Luqman Hakim Bin Mohd Jais (11-2013-170)
Dokter Pembimbing: Dr. Harianto Wijaya Sp.OG
Anatomy & Physiology of Female Reproductive System..pdfNasirAli777740
this chapter will helpful for those people who is student of medical specially Nurses and Midwives.
The tissues, glands, and organs involved in producing offspring (children). In women, the reproductive system includes the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus, the cervix, and the vagina.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
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A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
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i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
2. Learning Objectives
Define the terms listed.
Identify the female external
reproductive organs.
Explain the structure of the bony
pelvis.
Explain the functions and structures
of pelvic floor.
6. Mons Pubis
Is rounded, soft fullness of
subcutaneous fatty tissue, prominence
over the symphysis pubis that forms
the anterior border of the external
reproductive organs.
It is covered with varying amounts
of pubic hair.
7. Labia Majora & Minora
The labia Majora are two rounded,
fleshy folds of tissue that extended
from the mons pubis to the perineum.
It is protect the labia minora, urinary
meatus and vaginal introitus.
8. Labia Minora
It is located between the labia majora,
are narrow.
The lateral and anterior aspects are
usually pigmented.
The inner surfaces are similar to
vaginal mucosa, pink and mois.
Their rich vascularity.
9. Clitoris.
The term clitoris comes from a
Greek word meaning key.
Erectile organ.
It’s rich vascular, highly sensitive
to temperature, touch, and
pressure sensation
10. Vestibule.
Is oval-shaped area formed
between the labia minora, clitoris,
and fourchette.
Vestibule contains the external
urethral meatus, vaginal introitus,
and Bartholins glands.
11. Perineum
Is the most posterior part of the
external female reproductive organs.
It extends from fourchette anteriorly
to the anus posteriorly.
And is composed of fibrous and
muscular tissues that support pelvic
structures.
15. Fallopian tubes
The two tubes extended from the
cornu of the uterus to the ovary.
It runs in the upper free border of
the broad ligament.
Length 8 to 14 cm average 10 cm
Its divided into 4 parts.
16.
17. 1. Interstitial part
Which runs into uterine cavity,
passes through the myometrium
between the fundus and body of
the uterus. About 1-2cm in
length.
18. 2. Isthmus
Which is the narrow part of
the tube adjacent to the
uterus.
Straight and cord like ,
about 2 – 3 cm in length.
19. 3. Ampulla
Which is the wider part about
5 cm in length.
Fertilization occurs in the
ampulla.
20. 4. Infundibulum
It is funnel or trumpet shaped.
Fimbriae are fingerlike processes, one
of these is longer than the other and
adherent to the ovary.
The fimbriae become swollen almost
erectile at ovulation.
21. Functions
Gamete transport (ovum pickup,
ovum transport, sperm transport).
Final maturation of gamete post
ovulate oocyte maturation, sperm
capicitation.
22. Fluid environment for early
embryonic development.
Transport of fertilized and
unfertilized ovum to the uterus.
23. Ovaries
Oval solid structure, 1.5 cm in thickness,
2.5 cm in width and 3.5 cm in length
respectively. Each weights about 4–8 gm.
Ovary is located on each side of the
uterus, below and behind the uterine tubes
26. Function of the ovary
Secrete estrogen & progesterone.
Production of ova
27. Uterus
The uterus is a hollow, pear shaped
muscular organ.
The uterus measures about 7.5 X 5
X 2.5 cm and weight about 50 – 60
gm.
28. Its normal position is anteverted
(rotated forward and slightly
antiflexed (flexed forward)
The uterus divided into three
parts
29. 1. Body of the uterus
The upper part is the corpus, or body
of the uterus
The fundus is the part of the body or
corpus above the area where the
fallopian tubes enter the uterus.
Length about 5 cm.
30. 2. Isthmus
A narrower transition zone.
Is between the corpus of the uterus
and cervix.
During late pregnancy, the isthmus
elongates and is known as the lower
uterine segment.
32. The os, is the opening in the cervix
that runs between the uterus and
vagina.
The upper part of the cervix is marked
by internal os and the lower cervix is
marked by the external os.
33. Layers of the uterus
Perimetrium.
Myometrium.
Endometrium.
34.
35. 1. Perimetrium
Is the outer peritoneal layer of
serous membrane that covers
most of the uterus.
37. 2. Myometrium
Is the middle layer of thick
muscle.
Most of the muscle fibers are
concentrated in the upper uterus,
and their number diminishes
progressively toward the cervix.
39. Longitudinal fibers (outer layer(
Which are found mostly in the
fundus and are designed to
expel the fetus efficiently
toward the pelvic outlet during
birth.
40. Middle layer figure-8 fibers
These fiber contract after
birth to compress the blood
vessels that pass between
them to limit blood loss.
41. Inner layer circular fibers
Which form constrictions where the
fallopian tubes enter the uterus and
surround the internal os
Circular fibers prevent reflux of
menstrual blood and tissue into the
fallopian tubes.
42. Promote normal implantation of
the fertilized ovum by controlling
its entry into the uterus.
And retain the fetus until the
appropriate time of birth.
43. 3. Endometrium
Is the inner layer of the uterus.
It is responsive to the cyclic
variations of estrogen and
progesterone during the female
reproductive cycle every month.
44. The two or three layers of the
endometrium are:
*Compact layer
*The basal layer
*The functional or Sponge layer this
layer is shed during each menstrual period
and after child birth in the lochia
45. The Function of the uterus
Menstruation ----the uterus
sloughs off the endometrium.
Pregnancy ---the uterus support
fetus and allows the fetus to grow.
46. Labor and birth---the uterine
muscles contract and the cervix
dilates during labor to expel the
fetus
47. Vagina
It is an elastic fibro-muscular tube
and membranous tissue about 8 to
10 cm long.
Lying between the bladder
anteriorly and the rectum
posteriorly.
48. The vagina connects the uterus
above with the vestibule below.
The upper end is blind and called
the vaginal vault.
49. The vaginal lining has multiple
folds, or rugae and muscle layer.
These folds allow the vagina to
stretch considerably during
childbirth.
50. The reaction of the vagina
is acidic, the pH is 4.5 that
protects the vagina against
infection.
51. Functions of the vagina
To allow discharge of the
menstrual flow.
As the female organs of coitus.
To allow passage of the fetus from
the uterus.
53. Muscle, Joints and ligaments
provide added support for
internal organs of the pelvis
against the downward force of
gravity and the increases in
intra-abdominal pressure
55. 1. Two hip bones.
Each or hip bone is composed
of three bones:
*Ilium
*Ischium
*Pubis
56. *Ilium
It is the flared out part.
The greater part of its inner
aspect is smooth and concave,
forming the iliac fossa.
The upper border of the ilium is
called iliac crest
57. *Ischium
It is the thick lower part.
It has a large prominence
known as the ischial tuberosity
on which the body rests while
sitting.
58. Behind and little above the
tuberosity is an inward
projection the ischial spine.
59. 2. Sacrum
Is a wedge shaped bone consisting of
five vertebrae.
The anterior surface of the sacrum is
concave
The upper border of the first sacral
vertebra known as the sacral
promontory