This document provides an overview of the female reproductive anatomy of various farm animals including cows, mares, sows, ewes, does, and bitches. It describes the location and features of the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, vagina, and vulva in each species. Key details provided include the size and shape of ovaries, length of oviducts, structure and blood supply of the uterus, length of the vagina, and features of the vulva and vestibule. The reproductive tracts of these farm animals show both similarities and variations in their anatomy.

2. Submitted toDr. A M Pawde
Principle Scientist
Division of Surgery
Submitted ByG.R Chaudhary
M-5389

3. ovaries, oviducts, uterus, vagina and vulva
Ovary
•Cow, She buffalo, ewe & doe – Almond,
•Mare - Bean-shaped (kidney-shaped)
•Sow - Resembling cluster of grapes
•Bitch- Oval
Ovary
Surface
Boarder
Extremities
Attachedconvex(hilus)
Medial
Lateral
Anterior-tubal
Freenotch(ovulation
fossa)
Posterioruterine- utero
ovarian ligament
Cow- Slightly above to the middle of the pelvic inlet, 2.5-4x2.5x1.5 cm, 15-20 gram),
40-45 cm from vulva
Mare- Below 4-5 lumbar vertebrae, 7-8x3-4 cm, medulla inside, 50-55 cm from vulva
Sow- Location as cow, covered in busra
Bitch- 1-2 cm behind kidney under 3-4 lumbar vertebrae, covered in bursa, slit like oppening
ventrally and surrounded by fat

4. Uterine tubes or oviducts or fallopian tubes or Salpinges
Cow
•Length of about 20-25 cm. And diameter about 2 to 3 mm
•Infundibulum ampulla isthmus
•Infundibulum 20 sq. Cm
•Pass lateral to ovary
Mare- 20-30 cm, junction between uterine tube and uterus is abrupt
Bitch- 5-8 cm, fimbria lies in ovarian bursa

5. Uterus
•Two horns, a short body and cervix pelvic cavity in non-pregnant females or may in
abdomen
•Rectum above and urinary bladder below
•Broad ligament not attached to sublumbar but upper part of flank below tuber caxae
•Horn is about 25 to 40 cm in length and 1.5 to 5 cm in width connected by Intercornual
ligaments
•Horn directed downward, foreward, outward, backward forming spiral
•Caruncles( ruminants) caruncles are arranged in four rows viz. Two dorsal rows and two
ventral rows
•Body – 3-4 cm, thicker than horn
•Fusion of the uterine horns of the cow, doe and ewe near the uterine body give the
impression of a larger uterine body
•Blood supply
• Utero-ovarian artery - fallopian tubes and anterior part of uterine
. Horns.
• Middle uterine artery - posterior part of horns and anterior
Part of body of uterus.
• Caudal uterine artery - posterior part of body of uterus and
Anterior part of vagina.

6. Mare
Cont.
•Abdominal cavity, partially pelvic cavity
•Attached to sublumbar region and lateral abdomen
•Horn- entierly in abdomen, pressed against lumbar muscle by caecum, colon and intestine
•Dorsal border is attached and concave
•Ventral boarder is free and convex
•Body- flattened dorsoventrally but cylindrical
•18-20x10 cm
•Cervix- 3.5-4 cm
Sow
•Body is 5 cm and horn is 1.2-1.5 m and coiled like intestine
•Cervix is spiral to arrange penis and continue with vagina
Bitch
•Body 2-3 cm and horn is 12-15 cm straight forming v shape toward kidney

7. Vagina and vilva
cow
•20-25 cm
•Peritoneum dorsally about 12 cm and ventrally only 5 cm
•Ventral floor canal of gartner which open at urethral diverticulum
Mare
•15-20x10-12 cm, distended, dilatability can only limited by pelvic
•Most of part retroperitoneal
•Vulva- dorsal commissar 5 cm below anus
•Ventral commissar 5 cm below ischial arch. Glans clitoris located in fossa clitoris
Bitch•Relatively long and thick anterior
•Muscular coat is very thick
•Vulva has thick labia
•Constrictor muscle is strong
•Body of clitoris infiltrated with fat and glans clitoris is erectile

8. Vulva
•Vestibule and the Labia vestibule is that portion of the female duct system which is common
to both the reproductive and urinary systems vestibule is extended from the external urethral
orifice to the exterior
•Vestibule is 10-12 cm in length in the cow and mare, half that length in the sow and onequarter that length in the ewe and doe
•Homologous to the penile urethra vestibular glands or Bartholian gland Hymen (transverse
ridge) is located at the junction of vagina and vestibule which is well defined in the ewe and
mare, but ill defined in the cow and sow
•Labia minora is homologous to the prepuce in the male and is not prominent in farm animals
•Labia majora is homologous to the scrotum in the male - is
that portion of the female system which is visible externally