- Managing health and safety on construction sites is the responsibility of the site manager, but everyone must work safely and report unsafe conditions. Various measures are used to reinforce health and safety, including site inductions, toolbox talks, risk assessments, and method statements.
- A site induction must be attended when starting work on site and covers the health and safety rules. Risk assessments must be completed for all work activities and result in method statements that show how to do the job safely. Permits to work are also used for certain jobs and must be followed.
- Basic safety tips include keeping work areas clean and tidy, wearing appropriate PPE, disposing of rubbish properly, and reporting accidents, incidents and near misses. Children
Managing health and safety on construction sites is the responsibility of the site manager. It involves site inductions to explain safety rules, toolbox talks for safety training, and explaining risk assessments and method statements. Everyone must work safely and report unsafe conditions. Permits to work and health and safety policies further manage safety. Accident prevention requires following safety rules, keeping work areas tidy, and reporting any unsafe conditions or accidents. Certain diseases like Weil's disease from rat urine, occupational dermatitis from chemicals, occupational asthma from dusts, and tetanus from wounds, are risks and can be prevented by protective measures, hygiene, and reporting issues.
This document discusses health and safety procedures for construction sites, including accident reporting, emergency procedures, and hazard identification. It covers how to report accidents according to RIDDOR regulations, the importance of good housekeeping and risk assessments, common workplace hazards like falls and electricity, and the proper storage and handling of chemicals. Signage is also discussed as a means of communicating health and safety information on construction sites.
The document discusses safety precautions for working with electrical equipment. It states that electricity can kill or severely injure people and identifies hazards like electric shock, fires, and explosions. It emphasizes assessing risks, using proper protective equipment, visually inspecting tools, and storing tools in dry areas when not in use. Cable connectors are color-coded by voltage and residual current devices (RCDs) should be used for 240-volt equipment.
How to handle materials and equipment safely 2michael mcewan
The document discusses health and safety requirements for handling materials and equipment on construction sites. It covers requirements for welfare facilities as defined by the Construction Design and Management regulations (CDM), such as toilets and washing facilities. It also discusses risks from noise and proper protection, safe handling of materials through lifting techniques and aids to prevent injury, and risks of drugs and alcohol on site affecting safety. The key topics are requirements for site facilities, noise protection, safe lifting practices, and avoiding drugs and alcohol while working.
This document discusses health and safety procedures for handling materials and equipment in construction. It covers requirements for welfare facilities as defined by the Construction Design and Management regulations (CDM). These include facilities for washing, drinking water, toilets and secure storage. The document also discusses risks from noise, proper lifting techniques to prevent injury, and the importance of only operating lifting equipment if qualified to do so. Manual handling procedures emphasize assessing the task, individual ability, load weight and size, and the work environment.
The document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) used in construction. It defines PPE as equipment that protects the user from health and safety risks at work, including items like safety helmets, gloves, eye protection, and safety footwear. The document notes that PPE should be used as a last resort where risks cannot be controlled otherwise, according to regulations. It also explains that PPE must be properly selected, used, maintained, and stored according to the specific hazards present. Examples of assessing and selecting suitable PPE are provided.
Principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety...DjCurrie
Risk assessments examine work activities that could cause harm so that sufficient safety precautions are taken. They involve identifying hazards, evaluating risks, and implementing control measures. Common hazards in construction include falls, falling or moving objects, electricity, and manual handling. Accident reporting and preventing future injuries are important, as falls, slips, handling, and being struck are leading causes of major injuries. Fire, electrical, and waste safety precautions must also be followed.
RIDDOR requires reporting of work-related injuries, diseases, and dangerous occurrences in Great Britain. It aims to generate reports for authorities to examine incidents and trends and develop prevention strategies. Employers must report accidents that result in death, major injuries such as fractures or amputations, the inability to work for more than seven days, and reportable diseases diagnosed by a doctor. Dangerous occurrences like building collapses or fires causing more than a day's work suspension must also be reported. The responsible person, usually the employer, must make reports. An accident book should be used to record all incidents.
Managing health and safety on construction sites is the responsibility of the site manager. It involves site inductions to explain safety rules, toolbox talks for safety training, and explaining risk assessments and method statements. Everyone must work safely and report unsafe conditions. Permits to work and health and safety policies further manage safety. Accident prevention requires following safety rules, keeping work areas tidy, and reporting any unsafe conditions or accidents. Certain diseases like Weil's disease from rat urine, occupational dermatitis from chemicals, occupational asthma from dusts, and tetanus from wounds, are risks and can be prevented by protective measures, hygiene, and reporting issues.
This document discusses health and safety procedures for construction sites, including accident reporting, emergency procedures, and hazard identification. It covers how to report accidents according to RIDDOR regulations, the importance of good housekeeping and risk assessments, common workplace hazards like falls and electricity, and the proper storage and handling of chemicals. Signage is also discussed as a means of communicating health and safety information on construction sites.
The document discusses safety precautions for working with electrical equipment. It states that electricity can kill or severely injure people and identifies hazards like electric shock, fires, and explosions. It emphasizes assessing risks, using proper protective equipment, visually inspecting tools, and storing tools in dry areas when not in use. Cable connectors are color-coded by voltage and residual current devices (RCDs) should be used for 240-volt equipment.
How to handle materials and equipment safely 2michael mcewan
The document discusses health and safety requirements for handling materials and equipment on construction sites. It covers requirements for welfare facilities as defined by the Construction Design and Management regulations (CDM), such as toilets and washing facilities. It also discusses risks from noise and proper protection, safe handling of materials through lifting techniques and aids to prevent injury, and risks of drugs and alcohol on site affecting safety. The key topics are requirements for site facilities, noise protection, safe lifting practices, and avoiding drugs and alcohol while working.
This document discusses health and safety procedures for handling materials and equipment in construction. It covers requirements for welfare facilities as defined by the Construction Design and Management regulations (CDM). These include facilities for washing, drinking water, toilets and secure storage. The document also discusses risks from noise, proper lifting techniques to prevent injury, and the importance of only operating lifting equipment if qualified to do so. Manual handling procedures emphasize assessing the task, individual ability, load weight and size, and the work environment.
The document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) used in construction. It defines PPE as equipment that protects the user from health and safety risks at work, including items like safety helmets, gloves, eye protection, and safety footwear. The document notes that PPE should be used as a last resort where risks cannot be controlled otherwise, according to regulations. It also explains that PPE must be properly selected, used, maintained, and stored according to the specific hazards present. Examples of assessing and selecting suitable PPE are provided.
Principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety...DjCurrie
Risk assessments examine work activities that could cause harm so that sufficient safety precautions are taken. They involve identifying hazards, evaluating risks, and implementing control measures. Common hazards in construction include falls, falling or moving objects, electricity, and manual handling. Accident reporting and preventing future injuries are important, as falls, slips, handling, and being struck are leading causes of major injuries. Fire, electrical, and waste safety precautions must also be followed.
RIDDOR requires reporting of work-related injuries, diseases, and dangerous occurrences in Great Britain. It aims to generate reports for authorities to examine incidents and trends and develop prevention strategies. Employers must report accidents that result in death, major injuries such as fractures or amputations, the inability to work for more than seven days, and reportable diseases diagnosed by a doctor. Dangerous occurrences like building collapses or fires causing more than a day's work suspension must also be reported. The responsible person, usually the employer, must make reports. An accident book should be used to record all incidents.
The document discusses health and safety procedures for working at heights and with electrical equipment. It covers legislation regarding working at heights, types of access equipment like ladders and mobile towers, safe operating procedures, and hazards to avoid. The objectives are to identify relevant laws, equipment types, safe methods, height dangers, and precautions for electrical work. Safety protocols for equipment use, fall prevention, and hazard identification are emphasized.
This document outlines major workplace hazards in construction such as falls, fires, chemicals, and vehicles. It discusses the importance of following health and safety guidelines to prevent long-term damage and diseases. Proper accident reporting procedures and emergency plans are also described, including notifying authorities of serious injuries or deaths. The roles and requirements for first aid personnel and equipment are explained as well.
Tutor core 01 h&s regs and responsibilitioesLuke D'Arcy
The document outlines health and safety regulations, roles, and responsibilities for those working in construction. It discusses various legislation that protects workers, including requirements for employers to provide personal protective equipment, safely handle hazardous substances, and ensure noise and vibration levels are within safe limits. Accident reporting procedures are also summarized. The duties of both employers and employees with regards to health and safety are specified.
This document provides an overview of working at height regulations and responsibilities in the UK. It defines working at height as any place where a fall could cause injury, which is common in construction. The law requires employers to assess risks, avoid work at height where possible, use fall protection equipment as required, and ensure worker safety in access and evacuation. Employers must also provide protection from falling objects. The regulations mandate that employees must report hazards and properly use supplied equipment and safety devices as trained.
This document discusses construction safety and health topics including legal responsibilities, emergency procedures, tools and techniques, accidents and their impact, and a case study. It outlines the specific responsibilities of constructors, employers, supervisors, and workers under occupational health and safety laws. These include appointing supervisors, developing emergency plans, providing training, and responsibilities in the event of injuries. Safety procedures are discussed for various tools including hand tools, power tools, welding equipment. A case study examines a 1999 crane collapse that killed 3 workers and cost over $100 million in damages and repairs.
This document discusses safe manual handling practices in the workplace. It covers the Manual Handling Operations Regulations which require employers to avoid hazardous manual handling where possible, assess any risks, and reduce them. Employers must provide manual handling training and assess risks related to the task, load, work environment, individual capabilities, and other factors. Proper lifting techniques and equipment can help reduce injuries, which commonly include back strains from improper lifting.
This presentation covers dropped objects, how we define dropped objects and understand their causes and consequences.
Topics covered include:
> Static Dropped Objects
> Dynamic Dropped Objects
> Working at height
> Hazard identification
Pipeline Construction In Pursuit Of The Zero Accident ProjectPeter Kinsey
Establishing clear controls and standards with contractors at the start of pipeline projects can prevent accidents from reoccurring. Two common accidents that could have been avoided include a dozer hitting a buried gas pipeline due to lack of procedures for dealing with utilities, and an excavator contacting a power line due to inadequate controls for power line hazards. Specialized training and strict enforcement of standards are needed considering the hazardous work and changing conditions involved in pipeline construction using heavy equipment like side booms, which require skilled operators to safely perform the majority of lifts.
Safety management Issues in construction industry of BangladeshTanjin Tamanna urmi
Despite of being a developing country Bangladesh has investment in construction industry which includes commercial, residential and multipurpose building projects etc. Workplace safety is a significant global issue, and in particular, the construction industry is over represented in workplace injury and death statistics
This document provides a safety orientation for workers on a pipeline construction project. It discusses several key safety topics:
- Personal protective equipment like hard hats and steel-toe shoes are required for all workers at all times.
- Special precautions must be taken around power lines and in rough terrain due to the hazards they present.
- All incidents such as injuries or near misses must be reported immediately. There is a zero tolerance policy for violations of life saving rules or safety issues that put health and lives at risk.
- The project involves pipeline construction across multiple states, and precautions will be taken to protect endangered species and historical/cultural sites during the process.
This document outlines a health and safety awareness session for museum managers. It discusses the importance of health and safety, legal requirements, safety management, and risk assessment. Specific risks addressed include falls, fire safety, hazardous materials, violence, maintenance hazards, and child safety. Attendees will learn basic health and safety issues and where to find more resources and assistance. The goal is for managers to understand their legal duties and how to identify and control risks to protect employees, visitors and contractors.
Tutor core 01 handle and store materialsLuke D'Arcy
This document provides information on proper storage of construction materials. It notes that materials should be covered, stored off the ground, and supported as needed to prevent damage from weather, theft, and deterioration over time. Specific guidance is given for storing pipes, long materials, flammables, and preventing unauthorized access and damage during storage. Proper storage methods help protect materials and costs, and prevent projects from being delayed.
This document provides an overview and summary of Module 1 - Organising for Safety from a training course on safety for the live event technical production sector. The module covers Construction Design and Management (CDM) regulations and responsibilities, an overview of key health and safety law including employer, employee and enforcing authority responsibilities. It also addresses hazards and risks, the risk assessment process, and gives examples of enforcement actions and penalties for safety violations.
Unit 201: Health safety and welfare in constructiongsr101
The document discusses health and safety procedures for working at heights and with electrical equipment. It covers relevant legislation, types of access equipment including ladders, mobile towers, trestles and mobile elevating work platforms. Safe methods of use are emphasized, and hazards of falls, overreaching and electrical shock are addressed. Proper planning, equipment selection and adherence to safety protocols are vital to avoiding risks when working at height or with electricity.
Unit 201: Health safety and welfare in constructiongsr101
This document discusses health and safety procedures for construction sites, including accident reporting, emergency procedures, and hazard identification. It addresses legislation for reporting accidents, types of reportable injuries, and the importance of documenting accidents. Various hazards are outlined, such as falls, falling objects, and electricity. The document also covers risk assessments, chemical storage, safety signage, and the importance of good housekeeping and waste management. Activities are included to help identify hazards, match safety signs to their meanings, and analyze accident statistics.
Unit 201: Health safety and welfare in constructiongsr101
The document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) and its importance in construction. It states that PPE should be used as a last resort to protect against health and safety risks that cannot otherwise be controlled. The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 require that employers provide PPE and ensure it is properly assessed, maintained, stored, used correctly and replaced when necessary. The document provides examples of common types of PPE for different parts of the body and hazards, including safety helmets, gloves, eye protection, respiratory equipment, high-visibility clothing and safety footwear. It emphasizes that the right PPE must be selected based on the hazards present and properly fitted for each individual worker.
Unit 201: Health safety and welfare in constructiongsr101
The document discusses health and safety requirements for handling materials and equipment on construction sites. It covers requirements for welfare facilities as defined by the Construction Design and Management regulations (CDM), such as toilets and washing facilities. It also discusses risks from noise and proper protection, safe handling of materials through lifting techniques and aids to prevent injury, and risks of drugs and alcohol on site affecting safety. The key topics are requirements for site facilities, noise protection, safe lifting practices, and avoiding drugs and alcohol while working.
The document is from a textbook on Painting and Decorating NVQ and Technical Certificate Level 2. It discusses various topics related to construction work including types of construction careers, roles of building team members, communication methods used in construction, common site paperwork, using bar charts to plan work, components of apprenticeship frameworks including NVQs and technical certificates, and what is included in an employment contract. The textbook contains questions to prompt reader interaction with the content.
Principles of building construction, information and communicationmichael mcewan
Construction drawings, also known as plans, blueprints, or working drawings, show what is to be built while specifications focus on materials, installation techniques, and quality standards. Drawings are typically drawn to scale with block plans at 1:2500, site plans at 1:500, and floor plans and sectional details at 1:100 or 1:10. Drawing hatchings are used to represent materials. Levels and datums refer to positions above sea level and provide reference points for accurate measurements during construction using techniques like spirit levels, water levels, and laser levels.
Unit 101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communi...gsr101
This document discusses waste management in construction. It defines waste and different types of waste. It also discusses how to reduce waste in construction, including proper disposal and recycling of materials. Methods of managing waste on construction sites are outlined, such as using separate skips for different materials and following safety procedures for waste disposal. Enforcement of waste management regulations is discussed.
The document discusses various types of drawings used in construction including working drawings, scales, symbols, abbreviations, benchmarks, projections, and schedules. Working drawings show plans, elevations, sections, and details using scales to ensure accuracy and consistency. Symbols and abbreviations are used to efficiently convey information on drawings. Benchmarks and projections establish reference points and orientations. Schedules list materials, components, and other specifications.
The document discusses different types of roofs. It describes flat roofs, which have a slight slope to allow water runoff, and can be covered with felt or proprietary finishes. It also describes trussed roofs, which are commonly used for houses and constructed from engineered timber, and gable ends, which form the triangular areas at the roof ends. Additionally, it outlines hipped roofs, which can have multiple sloped ends, and are more expensive to build than gable roofs. Key roof elements like eaves, ridges, fascias and soffits are also defined.
The document discusses health and safety procedures for working at heights and with electrical equipment. It covers legislation regarding working at heights, types of access equipment like ladders and mobile towers, safe operating procedures, and hazards to avoid. The objectives are to identify relevant laws, equipment types, safe methods, height dangers, and precautions for electrical work. Safety protocols for equipment use, fall prevention, and hazard identification are emphasized.
This document outlines major workplace hazards in construction such as falls, fires, chemicals, and vehicles. It discusses the importance of following health and safety guidelines to prevent long-term damage and diseases. Proper accident reporting procedures and emergency plans are also described, including notifying authorities of serious injuries or deaths. The roles and requirements for first aid personnel and equipment are explained as well.
Tutor core 01 h&s regs and responsibilitioesLuke D'Arcy
The document outlines health and safety regulations, roles, and responsibilities for those working in construction. It discusses various legislation that protects workers, including requirements for employers to provide personal protective equipment, safely handle hazardous substances, and ensure noise and vibration levels are within safe limits. Accident reporting procedures are also summarized. The duties of both employers and employees with regards to health and safety are specified.
This document provides an overview of working at height regulations and responsibilities in the UK. It defines working at height as any place where a fall could cause injury, which is common in construction. The law requires employers to assess risks, avoid work at height where possible, use fall protection equipment as required, and ensure worker safety in access and evacuation. Employers must also provide protection from falling objects. The regulations mandate that employees must report hazards and properly use supplied equipment and safety devices as trained.
This document discusses construction safety and health topics including legal responsibilities, emergency procedures, tools and techniques, accidents and their impact, and a case study. It outlines the specific responsibilities of constructors, employers, supervisors, and workers under occupational health and safety laws. These include appointing supervisors, developing emergency plans, providing training, and responsibilities in the event of injuries. Safety procedures are discussed for various tools including hand tools, power tools, welding equipment. A case study examines a 1999 crane collapse that killed 3 workers and cost over $100 million in damages and repairs.
This document discusses safe manual handling practices in the workplace. It covers the Manual Handling Operations Regulations which require employers to avoid hazardous manual handling where possible, assess any risks, and reduce them. Employers must provide manual handling training and assess risks related to the task, load, work environment, individual capabilities, and other factors. Proper lifting techniques and equipment can help reduce injuries, which commonly include back strains from improper lifting.
This presentation covers dropped objects, how we define dropped objects and understand their causes and consequences.
Topics covered include:
> Static Dropped Objects
> Dynamic Dropped Objects
> Working at height
> Hazard identification
Pipeline Construction In Pursuit Of The Zero Accident ProjectPeter Kinsey
Establishing clear controls and standards with contractors at the start of pipeline projects can prevent accidents from reoccurring. Two common accidents that could have been avoided include a dozer hitting a buried gas pipeline due to lack of procedures for dealing with utilities, and an excavator contacting a power line due to inadequate controls for power line hazards. Specialized training and strict enforcement of standards are needed considering the hazardous work and changing conditions involved in pipeline construction using heavy equipment like side booms, which require skilled operators to safely perform the majority of lifts.
Safety management Issues in construction industry of BangladeshTanjin Tamanna urmi
Despite of being a developing country Bangladesh has investment in construction industry which includes commercial, residential and multipurpose building projects etc. Workplace safety is a significant global issue, and in particular, the construction industry is over represented in workplace injury and death statistics
This document provides a safety orientation for workers on a pipeline construction project. It discusses several key safety topics:
- Personal protective equipment like hard hats and steel-toe shoes are required for all workers at all times.
- Special precautions must be taken around power lines and in rough terrain due to the hazards they present.
- All incidents such as injuries or near misses must be reported immediately. There is a zero tolerance policy for violations of life saving rules or safety issues that put health and lives at risk.
- The project involves pipeline construction across multiple states, and precautions will be taken to protect endangered species and historical/cultural sites during the process.
This document outlines a health and safety awareness session for museum managers. It discusses the importance of health and safety, legal requirements, safety management, and risk assessment. Specific risks addressed include falls, fire safety, hazardous materials, violence, maintenance hazards, and child safety. Attendees will learn basic health and safety issues and where to find more resources and assistance. The goal is for managers to understand their legal duties and how to identify and control risks to protect employees, visitors and contractors.
Tutor core 01 handle and store materialsLuke D'Arcy
This document provides information on proper storage of construction materials. It notes that materials should be covered, stored off the ground, and supported as needed to prevent damage from weather, theft, and deterioration over time. Specific guidance is given for storing pipes, long materials, flammables, and preventing unauthorized access and damage during storage. Proper storage methods help protect materials and costs, and prevent projects from being delayed.
This document provides an overview and summary of Module 1 - Organising for Safety from a training course on safety for the live event technical production sector. The module covers Construction Design and Management (CDM) regulations and responsibilities, an overview of key health and safety law including employer, employee and enforcing authority responsibilities. It also addresses hazards and risks, the risk assessment process, and gives examples of enforcement actions and penalties for safety violations.
Unit 201: Health safety and welfare in constructiongsr101
The document discusses health and safety procedures for working at heights and with electrical equipment. It covers relevant legislation, types of access equipment including ladders, mobile towers, trestles and mobile elevating work platforms. Safe methods of use are emphasized, and hazards of falls, overreaching and electrical shock are addressed. Proper planning, equipment selection and adherence to safety protocols are vital to avoiding risks when working at height or with electricity.
Unit 201: Health safety and welfare in constructiongsr101
This document discusses health and safety procedures for construction sites, including accident reporting, emergency procedures, and hazard identification. It addresses legislation for reporting accidents, types of reportable injuries, and the importance of documenting accidents. Various hazards are outlined, such as falls, falling objects, and electricity. The document also covers risk assessments, chemical storage, safety signage, and the importance of good housekeeping and waste management. Activities are included to help identify hazards, match safety signs to their meanings, and analyze accident statistics.
Unit 201: Health safety and welfare in constructiongsr101
The document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) and its importance in construction. It states that PPE should be used as a last resort to protect against health and safety risks that cannot otherwise be controlled. The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 require that employers provide PPE and ensure it is properly assessed, maintained, stored, used correctly and replaced when necessary. The document provides examples of common types of PPE for different parts of the body and hazards, including safety helmets, gloves, eye protection, respiratory equipment, high-visibility clothing and safety footwear. It emphasizes that the right PPE must be selected based on the hazards present and properly fitted for each individual worker.
Unit 201: Health safety and welfare in constructiongsr101
The document discusses health and safety requirements for handling materials and equipment on construction sites. It covers requirements for welfare facilities as defined by the Construction Design and Management regulations (CDM), such as toilets and washing facilities. It also discusses risks from noise and proper protection, safe handling of materials through lifting techniques and aids to prevent injury, and risks of drugs and alcohol on site affecting safety. The key topics are requirements for site facilities, noise protection, safe lifting practices, and avoiding drugs and alcohol while working.
The document is from a textbook on Painting and Decorating NVQ and Technical Certificate Level 2. It discusses various topics related to construction work including types of construction careers, roles of building team members, communication methods used in construction, common site paperwork, using bar charts to plan work, components of apprenticeship frameworks including NVQs and technical certificates, and what is included in an employment contract. The textbook contains questions to prompt reader interaction with the content.
Principles of building construction, information and communicationmichael mcewan
Construction drawings, also known as plans, blueprints, or working drawings, show what is to be built while specifications focus on materials, installation techniques, and quality standards. Drawings are typically drawn to scale with block plans at 1:2500, site plans at 1:500, and floor plans and sectional details at 1:100 or 1:10. Drawing hatchings are used to represent materials. Levels and datums refer to positions above sea level and provide reference points for accurate measurements during construction using techniques like spirit levels, water levels, and laser levels.
Unit 101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communi...gsr101
This document discusses waste management in construction. It defines waste and different types of waste. It also discusses how to reduce waste in construction, including proper disposal and recycling of materials. Methods of managing waste on construction sites are outlined, such as using separate skips for different materials and following safety procedures for waste disposal. Enforcement of waste management regulations is discussed.
The document discusses various types of drawings used in construction including working drawings, scales, symbols, abbreviations, benchmarks, projections, and schedules. Working drawings show plans, elevations, sections, and details using scales to ensure accuracy and consistency. Symbols and abbreviations are used to efficiently convey information on drawings. Benchmarks and projections establish reference points and orientations. Schedules list materials, components, and other specifications.
The document discusses different types of roofs. It describes flat roofs, which have a slight slope to allow water runoff, and can be covered with felt or proprietary finishes. It also describes trussed roofs, which are commonly used for houses and constructed from engineered timber, and gable ends, which form the triangular areas at the roof ends. Additionally, it outlines hipped roofs, which can have multiple sloped ends, and are more expensive to build than gable roofs. Key roof elements like eaves, ridges, fascias and soffits are also defined.
This document discusses different types of foundations, including pile foundations, which involve boring or driving piles into the ground; strip foundations, which are commonly used for houses and involve a shallow concrete slab; raft foundations, which spread the building load over a larger area and are used on unstable soils; and pad foundations, which support isolated structures like columns. It also covers concrete composition and provides example foundation dimension calculations.
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communicationgsr101
This document discusses different types of foundations for buildings. It describes three main types: strip foundations, which involve digging a trench and pouring concrete; raft foundations, which distribute weight over a larger area for poor soil; and piled foundations, which are used for large, heavy buildings on poor ground. It also covers factors considered for foundations like the building's weight, use, and soil composition at the site.
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communicationgsr101
The document is a presentation on flat roofs that introduces learners to the topic. It defines a flat roof as having a slope of less than 10 degrees and discusses key components like roof joists. It describes the three main methods for obtaining fall on a flat roof - sloping roof joists, tapered firring pieces, and deepened joists. Common materials used for flat roof coverings include chipboard sheets, underfelt, and green mineral felt.
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communicationgsr101
This document discusses communication methods used in construction. It begins by defining communication and explaining its importance. Four main categories of communication are discussed: verbal, written/signs, electronic, and human signals. For each category, advantages and disadvantages of the methods are listed. The document concludes by describing an upcoming activity where students will experience different communication methods by working in pairs or groups at stations.
Unit 101: Principles of building construction, information and communicationDjCurrie
The document discusses site documentation used in construction. It aims to introduce learners to site documentation. Learners will list three types of documentation, complete two documentation tasks, and state one reason for correctly storing documents. The document instructs learners to work in groups to create a mind map of different documentation types like payment information, work information, and client requirements. Examples of documentation are then shown like pay slips, timesheets, requisitions, drawings, and specifications. Learners are given a task to complete at least two sample documents without using their own details. Reasons for securely storing documents and how they should be stored are then discussed.
The document describes different types of wall constructions including cavity brick walls, timber frame walls, insulated brick block walls, stone walls, and render finishes. Cavity brick walls have an inner and outer brick leaf with insulation between and ties connecting them. Timber frame walls use timber studs with various outer finishes and insulation incorporated. Insulated brick block walls consist of a brick outer leaf, block inner leaf, and insulation fixed to the inner leaf. Stone walls can use natural or manmade stone with an appropriate inner leaf. Render finishes provide weatherproofing and decoration applied in layers over a wall surface.
Manual handling of stepladders and ladders 3michael mcewan
This document provides guidance on safely using stepladders for painting and decorating work. It outlines how to properly handle and inspect stepladders to identify any defects. Specifically, it advises painters to assess stepladders for condition before lifting, check for clear access, and lift firmly into the shoulder at a 45 degree angle. The document also warns that stepladders are for light, short-duration work only and should not be subjected to side loading that could cause tipping. Any damaged stepladders should immediately be reported and not used.
The document discusses hop-ups, which are small access platforms intended for low-level work like plastering or decorating. It notes that aluminum hop-ups are lighter than wood but wood steps are safer, and care must be taken when accessing and working on hop-ups. The document also addresses common myths around health and safety, noting that while ladders and stepladders have not been banned, they should only be used for short, simple tasks after assessing risks, as they frequently cause serious injuries.
The document discusses safe ladder use and access equipment. It covers topics like pre-use checks, setting up ladders at the proper angle, securing ladders when in use, avoiding overhead hazards, and ensuring three points of contact are maintained. Guidelines are provided around using ladders for under 30 minutes and for light work only.
This document discusses methods for mixing tiling materials. It describes mixing mortar by volume using gauge boxes to measure sand and cement, and mixing by weight using a weight batch mixer or dry silo mortar system. It also lists typical mortar ingredients like sand, cement, lime, and water and notes the strength of the mortar should match that of the brick or block being used.
This document discusses different types of adhesives and grouts used in tiling. It describes cement-based, polymer, and acrylic adhesives, explaining their compositions, applications, and installation methods. Cement-based grouts are also covered, along with epoxy grouts and their uses in areas with water or chemicals. Proper application techniques and safety precautions are emphasized.
This document provides an overview of health and safety procedures and training at the University of Surrey. It discusses legal duties under the Health and Safety at Work Act, emergency procedures including first aid and reporting incidents. It also covers topics like fire safety, display screen equipment use, asbestos awareness, and manual handling. Staff are expected to complete health and safety training including on risk assessment, and specialized training may be required for work with hazards like radiation, lasers or chemicals. The university aims to promote a strong safety culture.
Everyone is responsible for maintaining a safe work environment. It is important to know your rights and responsibilities as an employee (or employer)!
The Health and Safety at Work Act is the overarching legislation for health and safety in the workplace. It requires employers to ensure a safe working environment and employees to take reasonable care of their own health and safety and that of others. Several other regulations provide more specific requirements for things like manual handling, hazardous substances, electrical safety, and first aid. Employers must assess and mitigate risks, provide protective equipment and training, and employees must follow safety policies, procedures and instructions. Any work-related injuries or diseases must be properly reported.
Occupational Health and Safety Procedures 2022Rye Raine
This document outlines procedures for identifying workplace hazards, assessing risks, and controlling risks to ensure occupational health and safety. It discusses identifying hazards through remaining alert and noting anything unusual. It describes assessing risks by considering the likelihood and severity of harm. Finally, it states that employers are responsible for fixing hazards and provides guidelines for computer systems servicing, such as powering off computers before working on them and wearing personal protective equipment.
The document discusses health and safety in the workplace. It outlines various hazards like physical, chemical, ergonomic, and biological hazards that can cause accidents. It emphasizes providing a safe work environment with proper lighting, ventilation, and sanitation facilities. The key steps to prevent accidents are recognition of hazards, evaluation of risks, and taking control measures like immediate repair, clearance of obstructions, and use of protective equipment. Specific risks like slips, trips, and falls are analyzed with questions to identify hazards and control measures like cleaning spills, using non-slip shoes, and barricading unsafe areas. An example of Brunei Shell Petroleum enforcing 12 life-saving rules for health and safety is also provided.
Gallowglass security ltd h&s i nductionv1Jaco Nieuwoudt
This document provides an induction on health and safety policies and procedures for security guards working at Gallowglass Security Ltd. It covers the aims of health and safety, responsibilities of employees, personal appearance standards, code of conduct including duties at licensed premises and event sites, incident reporting procedures, basic fire safety, risk assessments, and work equipment policies. The summary outlines the key topics covered to ensure guards understand their health and safety obligations and how to properly perform their duties.
This document provides information about health and safety awareness training for construction apprentices in Scotland. It discusses the one-day course approved by the Scottish Building Apprenticeship and Training Council (SBATC) that is designed to enhance apprentice safety. Upon completing the course, apprentices will be issued a red Construction Skills Certification Scheme (CSCS) apprentice card, which verifies their identity and certification level. The document outlines the registration process for obtaining the CSCS card through SBATC and employers' responsibilities in registering apprenticeships. It also provides guidance on CSCS card photographs and replacement cards.
This training document provides information on health and safety policies and procedures at TELUS Spark. It consists of four mandatory sections covering occupational health and safety, emergency response training, respectful workplace training, and hazardous materials training. The occupational health and safety section outlines employer and worker responsibilities, how to report hazards and injuries, rights of workers, and how to complete hazard assessments. It also provides information on emergency resources like muster points, first aid locations, and emergency equipment. The emergency response training section instructs staff on communication procedures and roles during emergencies, and how to use radios to report issues to security.
The health and safety in the workplace are designed to create the awareness of key health and safety issues found in the workplace as well as the role you will play in ensuring yours as well as other’s safety. The program offers the skills and knowledge required to start a career in the field of health and safety.
This document provides a safety orientation covering several topics:
- Section 1 discusses safety leadership and the responsibilities of leaders to prioritize safety.
- Section 2 outlines project-specific safety guidelines including grounds for removal, policies, and an emergency plan.
- Section 3 covers general worksite hazards like falls, electrocutions, and struck by injuries as well as pre-job planning, hazard communication, and housekeeping.
- Sections 4 discusses occupational health issues including silica, blood borne pathogens, and injury reporting.
- Section 5 reviews required personal protective equipment such as hard hats, eye protection, hearing protection, and respiratory protection.
- Section 6 addresses fall protection when working at heights, including fall protection requirements
Health & safety management system in indian constructionsai0513
The document discusses health and safety management systems for construction companies in India. It covers key aspects of health and safety laws and rights for employees, including an employer's duty to provide training and a safe working environment. It also discusses accident reporting procedures and compensation. Case studies on two major Indian construction companies (Unitech and Adani Group) are provided that describe their health and safety policies and certification to international standards like ISO.
This safety orientation provides Washington State University Tri-Cities employees with basic safety information and procedures. It explains that safety is a shared responsibility and outlines resources available, such as contacting Environmental Health and Safety with concerns. Emergency procedures like evacuation routes and emergency notifications are also reviewed. The orientation stresses the importance of supervision-led job specific training and reporting any incidents or issues.
This document outlines the occupational health and safety procedures for Studio Grafix. It discusses the induction process for new staff, safety procedures around equipment and tools, hazards in the workplace, emergency response, and rights and responsibilities of staff. Staff are provided training on evacuation procedures and introduced to safety policies and guidelines. They are instructed to report any hazards, incidents, or safety concerns to the employee safety representative or management.
This presentation covers safe construction practices and safety requirements for construction projects. It defines key terms like safety, health, and hazard. It outlines objectives like completing projects on time and within budget while conforming to health and safety standards. Contractors must develop site-specific safety plans and can be fined for non-compliance. Common accidents are discussed along with reporting requirements for incidents and injuries. The roles and responsibilities of various parties are defined and safety training, promotion, inspections and disciplinary measures are described.
The document provides an overview of health and safety procedures for employees at Wodbury Library. It outlines key responsibilities of employees and employers to ensure a safe work environment. Some main risks discussed include manual handling, slips and trips, posture issues when using computers, and general office hazards. Employees are instructed to follow proper safety techniques, report any issues, and take regular breaks to avoid fatigue.
This document provides information on various safety topics including accident prevention, proper lifting techniques, back safety, footwear, infection control, falling hazards, safety committees, and more. The key points covered are to think ahead to identify potential hazards, stay alert, ask questions when unsure of procedures, take responsibility for safety by following rules and reporting issues. Proper lifting techniques emphasized getting close to objects, taking a wide stance, bending at hips and knees rather than back, and keeping a straight back. Safety committees promote safety, identify hazards, investigate accidents, and develop recommendations.
This presentation provides an overview of workplace health and safety (OH&S) policies and procedures. It outlines employees' responsibilities to obey instructions, follow safe procedures, and report any hazards. Employees have the right to a safe workplace and training. The employer is responsible for supervision, consultation, protective equipment, and facility maintenance. Emergency procedures and the OH&S representative are identified. Common hazards, safe work practices, and accident reporting are also covered. Maintaining safety is a priority through inspections, meetings, and employee feedback.
Apprentice Induction Health and Safety and The Law geoffatm
This document provides an induction on health and safety for apprentices. It outlines both the rights and responsibilities of employers and employees according to health and safety law. Apprentices have a duty to cooperate with their employer on health and safety matters, not endanger themselves or others, and report any accidents or issues. Employers must make the workplace safe and conduct risk assessments. The document emphasizes the importance of following safety procedures and not taking risks, as breaking health and safety law could result in prosecution. It aims to ensure apprentices understand and abide by relevant regulations to maintain a safe working environment.
This presentation provides new and current employees with workplace health and safety information. It outlines policies and procedures to maintain a safe work environment in the applied design studio and workshops. It discusses common hazards like poor posture, lifting heavy objects, slips and trips. It also covers first aid, fire safety, reporting injuries, and emergency contact details.
This presentation outlines the health and safety policies and procedures for employees. It discusses maintaining a safe work environment, identifying potential hazards, controlling risks, reporting incidents, emergency procedures, and the responsibilities of employers and employees. Key aspects covered include current safety procedures, equipment safety checks, health and safety representatives, common hazards, inspection processes, and emergency response plans. Resources for further information on occupational health and safety are also provided.
The document discusses color theory as it relates to painting and decorating. It defines primary colors as red, yellow, and blue. Secondary colors are produced by mixing two primary colors - orange from red and yellow, purple from red and blue, and green from blue and yellow. A color circle or chromatic circle arranges all the colors in a circle with primary, secondary, and intermediate colors. Color schemes include monochromatic using one color, complementary using opposite colors, analogous using adjacent colors, and contrasting using different colors from anywhere on the wheel. Neutrals are grey mixtures of black and white while tints add white, shades add black, and tones add grey to colors.
Hue refers to the basic colour, such as red, blue, yellow, etc. BS 4800 is the British Standard for colour coordination. It contains 100 colours divided into categories based on hue, greyness, and tone. Colour schemes can be warm/advancing using red, yellow and orange hues, or cool/receding using blue and green hues. Monochromatic schemes use tints and shades of a single hue. Harmonious schemes use analogous or related hues. Complementary schemes pair hues directly opposite each other on the colour wheel.
This document provides an introduction to color schemes and color theory. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
The document begins by explaining that color is derived from light and defines white light as originating from the sun. It describes how Isaac Newton showed that sunlight is made up of a spectrum of colors. The learning outcomes cover topics like the color wheel, how humans perceive color, and how color is affected by artificial lighting sources.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
This document discusses safety requirements for various types of access equipment commonly used in construction, including stepladders, ladders, trestle platforms, scaffolding, and fall protection. It provides brief descriptions of stepladders, ladders, trestle platforms, mobile tower scaffolds, and asks questions about safety checks and regulations that should be considered for each type of equipment prior to use.
This document discusses several important topics in workplace health and safety:
- The Health and Safety at Work Act establishes duties for employers and employees to protect worker and public safety.
- The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations provide guidelines for handling hazardous materials safely.
- Proper safety procedures and personal protective equipment are necessary for tasks like manual handling, working with fire or electricity, and working at heights to prevent accidents.
- First aid training and supplies, accident reporting, and risk assessments are required to ensure worker health and safety.
This document provides information for students in the Painting & Decorating program at City of Glasgow College. It outlines the daily class schedule, student rights and obligations, required personal protective equipment, fire evacuation procedures, library hours, information about the student association and computer/parking access. Safety is a priority, as students must wear proper protective gear like steel-toe boots and follow all health and safety rules while in the workshop.
Wallpaper has been used for interior decoration since ancient times. The earliest forms of paper were developed in China in the 2nd century BC and papermaking spread from there to the Middle East and Europe over subsequent centuries. By the 16th century, wallpaper with printed repetitive patterns was being produced in Europe. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, innovations such as machine printing allowed wallpaper manufacturing to scale up and designs to become more intricate, making wallpaper a widespread decorative feature in homes.
Paperhanging tools include brushes, shears, rules, paste boards, plumb bobs, seam rollers, trimming knives, wall brushes, buckets, and sponges. These tools are used for measuring, cutting, applying, and smoothing wallpaper and fabrics on walls and ceilings. Proper cleaning and storage helps maintain the tools.
This document provides information on preparing surfaces, lining paper, wallboards, previously painted surfaces, filling cracks and holes, mould growth, new plaster, stripping wallpaper, tools and equipment, pastes and adhesives, paste consistency, how wallpaper is manufactured including screen printing, hand block printing, machine printing and embossing, types of wallpaper including grounds, machine prints, hand prints, embossed papers, wet embossed paper, washable papers, coated washable papers, wood grain, metallic folis and expanded polystyrene.
The document discusses various techniques for hanging wallpaper, including:
- Marking starting points and using a plumb line for vertical hangs
- Hanging paper vertically in lengths, keeping it folded at first
- Hanging paper horizontally by measuring positions and cross-lining
- Hanging paper on ceilings using concertina folds and working away from light sources
- Hanging paper around windows by starting on one side and working across
This document provides instructions and explanations for various painting and decorating techniques:
- It describes how to properly load a brush by coating the bristles and tapping off excess paint, being careful not to get paint on the handle.
- Different techniques are covered like cutting in, laying off brush strokes, applying paint with rollers, cleaning brushes, and special effects like rag rolling, sponging, stippling and stenciling.
- Specific instructions are given for techniques like graining, marbling, textured painting, gilding, and how to prevent defects when gilding.
The document discusses color wheels and color terminology. A color wheel is a diagram that displays primary, secondary, and sometimes tertiary colors in a radial pattern. It was first discovered in 1672. There are many terms connected to color, including hue (the name of the color), tint (a color made lighter by adding white), shade (a color made darker by adding black), and value (lightness or darkness of a color). The BS 4800 series is a coding system that identifies colors using a code with three parts representing hue, greyness, and weight or lightness.
Surface coatings are applied to materials like steel and timber to protect them from corrosion and rotting, to decorate surfaces and add special effects, and to sanitize items by making them easier to clean. Paint consists of a thinner, binder, and pigment and dries through the processes of evaporation, oxidation, and coalescence as the binder particles fuse together into a film. When mixing a two-part coating, it is important to follow the manufacturer's recommendations on ratios and be aware of the mixture's pot life, which refers to the usable life of the mixture before it starts to cure and become unusable.
This document discusses different types of surface coatings used in painting. It describes primers, undercoats, gloss, eggshell, emulsion, acrylic, and varnish paint finishes. It provides instructions for preparing various surfaces like walls, wood, and old paintwork for painting. Walls should be protected with dustsheets and loose plaster removed before painting. New wood requires sanding, knotting, and filler while old paint needs flaking paint removed and sanding to prepare for new coats.
Dustsheets made of polythene or canvas should be used to protect furniture, floors, and other items from dust and splashes of paint when decorating. Polythene sheeting can be used to cover floors and protect vehicles, windows, and other items that cannot be removed from the work area. Tenting in with scaffolding and polythene sheeting cordons off an area for spray painting.
Surface coatings are applied to materials like steel and timber to protect them from corrosion and rotting, to decorate surfaces and add special effects, and to sanitize items by making them easier to clean. Paint consists of a thinner, binder, and pigment and dries through the processes of evaporation, oxidation, and coalescence as the binder particles fuse together into a film. When mixing a two-part coating, it is important to follow the manufacturer's recommendations on ratios and be aware of the mixture's pot life, which refers to the usable life of the mixture before it starts to cure and become unusable.
This document discusses various types of painting and tin defects including surface defects, internal paint failures, external paint defects, and defects in tin that can occur. It focuses on identifying and addressing issues that may arise with paint and tin coatings.
This document provides information on various surface defects and how to repair them. It discusses removing rust by hand or power tools, treating friable surfaces before painting, removing mould growth, repairing defective puttying and plasterboard, dealing with efflorescence on cement, repairing damaged rendering, and properly applying caulk. The key is to prepare surfaces thoroughly, use the right tools for each job, and avoid over-polishing or damaging the surface further during repairs.
This document discusses several important topics in workplace health and safety:
- The Health and Safety at Work Act establishes duties for employers and employees to protect worker and public safety.
- The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations provide guidelines for handling hazardous materials safely.
- Proper safety techniques and personal protective equipment are necessary for tasks like manual handling, working at heights, and using hazardous substances to prevent injuries.
- Other important safety practices covered include first aid, accident reporting, use of safety signs, fire safety, and conducting risk assessments. Following these procedures helps create a safe working environment.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
2. City of Glasgow College 2
Managing Health and Safety on
Construction Sites…
• Is the responsibility of the Site Manager
• Health and Safety on site will be reinforced by:-
- Site Inductions (Explain the health and safety rules of the site)
- Toolbox Talks (Short training sessions on Health and Safety topics)
- The explanation of Risk Assessments and Method Statements
• However it is everyone's responsibility to work safely and report unsafe
conditions on site
- The enforcement of Permit to Work Systems
- Health & Safety Policy (Highlights how Health and Safety is managed)
3. City of Glasgow College 3
Site Induction
• When you first start on site you should always attend site induction - this
is when the health and safety rules for the site will be explained
• If after time you feel that the safety rules for the
site are out of date you should always speak to
your supervisor about your concerns
• Remember, the Health and Safety policy on your site will help you to do
your job safely
• If you do not understand anything the
presenter has said you should always ask the
presenter to repeat the point again
4. City of Glasgow College 4
Risk Assessments & Method
Statements
• By law Risk Assessments must be completed for all work activities
• The findings of a Risk Assessment will result in the production of a
Method statement – this indicates the safest and correct way to do a job
• Risk Assessments help identify hazards in the workplace (anything at
work that can harm you) and will show you how to do a job safely
• If you find that you cannot do a job in accordance with the Method
Statement do not start work until you have spoken to your supervisor
• You do not have to prepare your own Risk Assessments
5. City of Glasgow College 5
Permits to Work
• A Permit to Work will often be issued to workers during site induction
• If a job requires a permit you will not be
allowed to start the job until the Permit to
Work has been issued
• Permits to Work allow certain jobs to be
carried out under controlled conditions
• If a Permit to Work expires before a job is finished you must stop work
until the permit has been replaced
6. City of Glasgow College 6
Basic Tips For Site Safety
Include…
• Report all environmental incidents, accidents and near misses as soon
as is practicable (This helps ensure that they will not happen again)
• Keep your work area clean and tidy (helps prevent slips, trips and falls)
• Ensure any work you do is in accordance with the Risk Assessments
and Method Statements for the job
• Dispose of any rubbish in designated waste areas (helps prevent
environmental incidents
• Always wear the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
7. City of Glasgow College 7
Children on Construction Sites
• Particular attention must be paid to the possibility of children playing on
construction sites
• If you find children playing on site you must make sure they are taken to
a place of safety
8. City of Glasgow College 8
Health and Safety at Work
and The Law
• Guidance on Health and Safety in the workplace is primarily contained in
the Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 (HASAWA)
• The Health & Safety at Work Act is important because:-
- It places legal duties on you as an employee (You must work safely)
• Adherence to the principles of the Act are overseen by Health and Safety
Executive (HSE)
- It places legal duties on your employer ( employers must provide a safe
place of work)
• The Health and Safety at Work Act places duties on all people at work
9. City of Glasgow College 9
The Health and Safety Executive
• Health and Safety Executive Inspectors may inspect any site at any time
without notice
• Health and Safety Executive Inspectors may issue:-
- Improvements Notices (this means you are not
working in a safe way)
• If you are told that a Health and Safety Executive Inspector is on site you
should always carry on working as normal unless you are asked to stop
- Prohibition Notices (all work subject to the notice
must stop)
10. City of Glasgow College 10
CSCS 2 – Accident Prevention &
Reporting
11. City of Glasgow College 11
Did you know…
• The construction industry accounts for more than a quarter of all work
related deaths in the UK each year
• Over 4000 serious injuries occur in sites in the UK every year
• For these reasons, effective accident prevention and reporting
procedures are essential
• The vast majority of death in the workplace involve falling from height
R.I.P.
12. City of Glasgow College 12
Accidents In The Workplace
• Accidents in the workplace can be split into three main categories:
- Serious Accidents (Result in death or serious injury)
- Minor Accidents (Minor injuries, such as slips, trips and falls)
- Near misses (Incidents where someone could have been injured)
• Accidents and near misses should always be reported to your supervisor
• This enables us learn from them and ensure that they do not happen
again
13. City of Glasgow College 13
Accident Report Books…
• Must be filled in if you are injured in any way, no matter how minor
• Accident Report Books must only be filled in by you or by someone
acting for you
• The following details should be recorded in the Accident Report Book:
- The date and time of the accident
- Details of the accident
- The address of the injured person
14. City of Glasgow College 14
How Can You Prevent Accidents?
• Employees are most likely to have an accident in the workplace when
they first start work on site. This is often because they are unaware of
the health and safety rules or regulations
• Accidents may be avoided by ensuring that:
- you are fully aware of the safety rules on site (attend initial site
induction and any subsequent toolbox talks)
- you are aware of the risk assessment for a task and understand the
method statement to be used prior to completing a task
15. City of Glasgow College 15
How Can You Prevent Accidents?
• Report any unsafe working conditions to your supervisor, even if another
contractor is responsible
• Ensure that your working area is kept clean and tidy (Help prevent slips,
trips and falls)
Watch for
nails!
16. City of Glasgow College 16
If You Witness An Accident…
• Tell any investigators exactly what you saw
If not you could
be breaking the
law!
17. City of Glasgow College 17
If You Are Involved In An Accident…
• If you are injured or feel ill in any way always report it to a first aider
• Make sure any cuts or lacerations are cleaned and treated by a first
aider
• If not your hand could go from looking like this…
• To looking like this…
18. City of Glasgow College 18
Accident Reporting And The Law
• Guidance on accident prevention and reporting are contained the Health
and Safety at Work Act 1974 and the Reporting of Injuries, Disease and
Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)
• These include accidents that result in:
- death/serious Injury (notify HSE immediately)
- more than 3 days off work (notify HSE within 10 days)
- Any occurrences of Weils Disease
• By Law some accidents must be reported to the Health & Safety Executive
20. City of Glasgow College 20
Introduction
Workers may suffer from a variety of afflictions at work including :
• Occupational Asthma – a breathing disorder that affects the lungs
• Tetanus – an bacterial infection that affects the muscles in the body
• Skin Cancer – a skin disorder caused by prolonged exposure to direct
sunlight
• Occupational Dermatitis – a skin disease
• Weils Disease – a disease caused by exposure to rat and cow urine
• And many more.....
21. City of Glasgow College 21
Weils Disease (Leptospirosis)
• Is a disease that may be transmitted to people through rat and cow urine
• The early symptoms of Weils Disease include:
- Influenza ‘Flu’ like symptoms
- Persistent Headaches
- Persistent Vomiting
• In some circumstances, Weils Disease can be fatal…
22. City of Glasgow College 22
• The following employees are at risk of contracting Weils Disease
- People working near waterways/riverbanks
- People working in or near sewer systems
- People working on sites where rats are present
• Remember, rats are attracted to food, so always put any food scraps in
the bin – never throw them away!
Weils Disease – Who Is At Risk?
23. City of Glasgow College 23
Preventing Weils Disease
• Make sure you wash your hands regularly, and always
wash your hands before eating
• Dirty hands should only ever be cleaned with soap and
water
• Remember, never clean your hands with white spirit or similar solvents
• Many chemicals can strip the natural oils from your skin. This may lead
to Occupational Dermatitis
24. City of Glasgow College 24
Occupational Dermatitis
• Is a skin disease caused by prolonged exposure to mineral oils, white
spirit, strong chemicals and other hazardous substances
• Is most likely to occur on the hands and fingers
- Wearing protective gloves wherever possible
- Putting on barrier cream prior to starting work
• You should not just rely on barrier cream to protect your skin, as many
harmful substances go straight through it
• May be avoided by:
25. City of Glasgow College 25
Occupational Asthma
• Is a form of Lung Disease caused by breathing in dust, asbestos, pigeon
droppings, silica dust etc. over a long period of time
• Never work in areas contaminated with pigeon droppings as exposure
to droppings can result in a form of Lung Disease called Pigeon Lung
• May be avoided by:
• If an area is contaminated, stop work and seek advice
- Wearing the correct Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE)
26. City of Glasgow College 26
Tetanus
• Is a bacterial infection that affects the muscles in the body, particularly
the muscles of the neck and jaw (sometimes called Lockjaw)
• Enters the body through deep cuts and puncture wounds
- Wearing protective gloves wherever possible
- Wearing safety footwear wherever possible
• Tetanus is often associated with wounds from rusty nails, however it is
the puncture wound that results in the infection, not the rust on the nail!
• May be avoided by:
- Regular anti-tetanus vaccination (10 years)
27. City of Glasgow College 27
Skin Cancer
• Skin Cancer is a skin disorder caused by prolonged exposure to direct
sunlight
• Construction workers who work outdoors a particularly at risk
- Keeping the skin covered up wherever possible, especially the ears
and back of the neck
- Stay in the shade whenever possible, especially during breaks and
lunches
• Skin Cancer may be avoided by:
- Wear high factor sunscreen when working on site
28. City of Glasgow College 28
Drugs and Medication
• Any drugs you are taking for existing medical conditions may also affect
your performance at work
• If you feel that medication will affect your performance always tell your
supervisor
- The likely side effects of the medication
• If prescribed any medication you should always consider:
- How the medication may affect you at work
• Remember, Illegal drugs are a danger to everyone on site
29. City of Glasgow College 29
Health And Welfare And The Law
• Guidance on Welfare at work are contained the Health and Safety at
Work Act 1974 and the Health, Safety & Welfare regulations 1992
• By Law, employers must provide you with a covered rest area with tables,
chairs and something to heat water
• As a minimum requirement on site, employers must provide hot and cold
(or warm) water, soap and a way to dry your hands
• If this is not the case always speak to your supervisor
30. City of Glasgow College 30
Toilets On Site…
• By law, employers must provide adequate
toilet and washing facilities for employers
• If the toilet facilities on site are dirty or not
functioning correctly always inform your
supervisor
• Any toilet facilities on site should be kept
clean, maintained and in full working order
32. City of Glasgow College 32
Manual Handling Is Not Just About
Lifting Stuff!!!
Manual Handling Is Not Just About
Lifting Stuff!!!
Manual Handling Is Not Just About
Lifting Stuff!!!
Manual Handling Is Not Just About
Lifting Stuff!!!
Manual Handling Is Not Just About
Lifting Stuff!!!
…The transporting or supporting of a load
by hand or bodily force….
What Is Manual Handling?
33. City of Glasgow College 33
Manual Handling Involves…
Picking up… and putting back down!
and pulling!
Carrying… Or stretching!
Pushing…
34. City of Glasgow College 34
How Many Of You Lift Things Like This?
If so you are putting your back at risk!
35. City of Glasgow College 35
So How Do You Lift?
• Wearing a back support belt is not necessarily the answer
• You may still face the same risks as when lifting an object
without support, especially if you have an existing injury
• If you do have an existing injury, always inform your
supervisor of the problem
• Remember, the only person who can tell you how much you
can safely lift is you
36. City of Glasgow College 36
• Consider using a barrow or trolley if carrying for long distances
• Does the object have to be moved at all?
Prior To Lifting…
• Divide any large loads into smaller loads wherever possible
• Always consider the size, weight and condition of the load
before you attempt to lift it
37. City of Glasgow College 37
Do You Have To…
• Hold the object away from your body?
• Twist or turn your body?
• Stoop down or hold the load above head height?
• Lift from a sitting position?
THE WEIGHT YOU CAN LIFT SAFELY IS LESS THAN USUAL
38. City of Glasgow College 38
During The Lift…
• Keep the feet slightly apart (hip width)
• Always bend the knees, never the back!
• Keep your back straight and lift with the
power of the leg muscles
• If you feel that there is an easier way to
lift at work discuss it with your supervisor
39. City of Glasgow College 39
If The Object is Heaviest Towards
One Side…
• Always keep the heaviest side of the
object towards you
• Otherwise the object may become
unstable and fall….
40. City of Glasgow College 40
• Never attempt to lift it on your own – always find a safe
method to move the load…
• Divide the load into smaller loads
If a Load is Too Heavy To Lift…
• Use a barrow or trolley instead
• Get someone to help you lift the load
41. City of Glasgow College 41
• If someone is going to help you lift a
load, it is important that both of you
are roughly the same height and
build
• What would happen if the man on
the left was a foot shorter than the
man on the right?
Team Lifting…
• May also be used if an object is to cumbersome to be lifted
(i.e. you cannot see what is ahead of you)
42. City of Glasgow College 42
• You are lifting objects up or down stairs
• You are lifting objects up or down steep
slopes
Special Care Should Be
Taken If……
• You are lifting objects up or down stairs
• You are lifting objects up or down steep
slopes
If this is the case always make sure
you can still carry the load safely
43. City of Glasgow College 43
Manual handling And The
Law…
• Your employer must undertake risk assessments and
formulate ‘Safe Systems Of Work’ for manual handling tasks
• You must make full use of your employer’s Safe System Of
Work
• Guidance is contained in the Health & Safety at Work Act
1974 and the Manual Handling Operating Regulations 1992
47. City of Glasgow College 47
Working At Height
You are classified as working at height if:
• You are working at any height that would cause an injury if you fell
• Working at height regulations affect you if you are working:
- On ladders
- On scaffolds and aluminium towers
- On roofs
- On/Under bridges
• This list is not exhaustive…
48. City of Glasgow College 48
• Ladders should always be inspected prior to any sort of use
• Damaged ladders should always be reported and not used
• Ladders should never be painted as they paint may hide damage to the
ladder or create a slip hazard
Working With Ladders
• The only person that should tell you a ladder is fit for use is you
• Ladders should only be used as place of work if you are doing light
duties for a short period of time
49. City of Glasgow College 49
• When using a ladder always keep the ladder at an angle of 75 degrees
Using a Ladder
• Any angle less than 75 degrees and the ladder may be under too much
stress and may snap
45o 75o
• Any angle greater than 75 degrees and the ladder may be too steep to
climb and become unstable
85o
50. City of Glasgow College 50
How Not To Use a
Ladder….
Ladder
snapped
due to
being
used at
an angle
of less
than 75
o
51. City of Glasgow College 51
• It is best to tie and extend the ladder about five rungs above the platform
being scaled. This also increases the ladder’s stability
When Securing a Ladder…
• It is best to secure the ladder at the top, this
increases the ladder’s stability
1
2
3
4
5
52. City of Glasgow College 52
• Remember, only one person on a ladder at a time
When Using a Ladder…
• When climbing up or climbing down a ladder always make
sure that your body has three points of contact at any
given time
• These rules effect all types of ladder, including ladders
built into aluminium towers and scaffolds
56. City of Glasgow College 56
• All components must be inspected for damage prior to assembly
• Do not attempt to use the scaffold until damaged components are
replaced
Working With Scaffolding &
Aluminium Towers…
• If any components are damaged or faulty (Including wheels, brakes etc)
always report it to your supervisor
• May only be erected, altered and dismantled by people who are
competent and authorised
57. City of Glasgow College 57
• Stabilisers, outriggers and ballast
weights should always be fitted
when specified
• If not, the likely outcome could be
this…
• Aluminium Towers should never be assembled on soft or uneven ground
Assembling Scaffolding &
Aluminium Towers…
58. City of Glasgow College 58
Using Scaffolding & Aluminium
Towers…
• When climbing an aluminium tower always use the ladder built into the
tower
• Always climb on the inside of the aluminium
tower
• Use the trapdoors built into the platforms
59. City of Glasgow College 59
Using Scaffolding & Aluminium
Towers…
- The platform can safely take the weight of the materials being stored
- The materials a stored safely and securely
• If storing tools or materials on an aluminium tower or scaffold platform
you must ensure:
- The platform is still safe for others to use
• Materials may be stored safely by installing edge protection such as:
- Toe boards
- Brick Guards
61. City of Glasgow College 61
Working on Roofs and Raised
Platforms…
• If possible, edge protection should be always be installed when working
at height
• Fragile roofs should always be crossed using crawl boards that can take
the weight of a person
62. City of Glasgow College 62
• At the very least, staff should be fitted with a
Harness & Lanyard
• Harness & Lanyards are especially relevant when working above water
or at extreme height (i.e. ‘high rise’ construction or under bridges)
• Soft Landing Systems such as safety nets/inflatable airbags should be
used
If Edge Protection Cannot Be
Fitted:
63. City of Glasgow College 63
How Not To Work At
Height….
Red Road Flats, circa 1964
64. City of Glasgow College 64
CSCS 6 – Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
65. City of Glasgow College 65
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
• Guidance on any PPE requirements for a job will always be found in the
Risk Assessment and Method Statement for a particular task
- Safety Helmets/ Hard Hats (Help protect your head from injury)
• Personal Protective Equipment may include:
- Waterproof clothes (Keep you warm and dry & prevent muscle strains)
- Safety Boots/ Safety Gloves (Protect your feet and hands from injury
- Safety Goggles (Help protect your eyes from injury)
- Ear Defenders (Help protect your ears from injury)
66. City of Glasgow College 66
• Hard Hats may only be removed if you are working
in a safe area such as the site office
• Hard Hats must never be used if they have been
dropped from height to a hard surface as there may
be hairline cracks in the hat that you cannot see
• Hard Hats must be worn at all times and only in the correct way…
Head Protection - Hard Hats
• Hard Hats must be worn on site if you are at any risk of head injury
67. City of Glasgow College 67
• When working on site, Hard Hats must always be worn
Hard Hats
• Hard Hats must always be adjusted so the hat is a snug fit and does not
fall off
• Hard Hats must only be worn square on the head, never at an angle
68. City of Glasgow College 68
• Safety Boots must always be worn if there is any risk of injury to the feet
• Safety Boots must be worn at all times on any
construction site…
Foot Protection – Safety Boots
• Safety Boots must be the correct size for your feet
and laced up correctly
• Remember, no boots, no job!
69. City of Glasgow College 69
Eye Protection - Goggles
• Eye protection must be worn on site if there is any risk of eye injury to
employees
• Workers using grinders, abrasive wheels, cutting
tools etc must wear impact resistant goggles to
protect their eyes from flying fragments of debris
• Workers using welding equipment must wear
welding goggles to protect their eyes from sparks
and the intense light from any sparks or flames
• If you do not have the correct eye protection, do not start the job!
70. City of Glasgow College 70
• If your ear plugs or are damaged or unsuitable in
anyway do not begin work until they are replaced and
you have been shown how to use them correctly
• Remember, if you are wearing any form of ear protection you will be less
aware of what is going on around you
Ear Protection – Ear Defenders
• Ear protection must be worn on site if there is any risk of exposure to loud
continuous noise in the workplace
• Ear Plugs or Ear Defenders may be suitable
depending on the noise levels encountered on the job
71. City of Glasgow College 71
• Remember, anti vibration gloves will not always protect your hands from
vibration. Always take additional precautions!
• Protective Gloves must be worn on site if there is any risk of exposure to
chemicals, hazard or danger
Hand Protection - Gloves
• Workers using vibrating tools should wear anti vibration
gloves to minimise the risk of Vibration White Finger
• Different gloves protect your hands from different types
of hazard – always select the correct type of gloves for
the job
72. City of Glasgow College 72
• Remember, never attempt to use a dust mask if exposed to hazardous
fumes, always use the correct Respiratory Protective Equipment
• Respiratory Protective Equipment must be issued to workers when if there
is any risk of exposure to dust, solvents chemicals etc.
Respiratory Protective Equipment
(RPE)
• Workers should be given respirators if there is any risk
of exposure to hazardous fumes
• Workers such as Ames Tapers, Plasterers etc. should
be given dust masks if working in dusty environments
73. City of Glasgow College 73
Fall Protection – Harness &
Lanyard
• Fall protection systems may include safety nets,
Full Body Harness’ and Lanyards
• If you are unsure how to use any piece of Personal protective Equipment
always ask for expert advice and training
• By law, employers must provide a fall protection system if employees
are working at extreme height
• Remember, never attempt to use any body harness
unless you have been fully trained in it use
74. City of Glasgow College 74
PPE And The Law
• Guidance on accident prevention and reporting are contained the Health
and Safety at Work Act 1974 and the Personal Protective Equipment
Regulations 1992
• If your PPE is damaged in any way you must let your employer know
• By Law your employer must pay for,
provide you with and replace your
Personal Protective Equipment
• By law you must wear and utilise any
PPE your employer has issued you with
76. City of Glasgow College 76
CSCS 7 – Emergency
Procedures & First Aid
77. City of Glasgow College 77
Injuries On Site may Include…
Cuts &
Scrapes
Puncture
wounds
Burns
Broken
Bones
Electric
shocks
And many more…
78. City of Glasgow College 78
When You First Start On
Site…
• It is essential that you understand the Emergency Procedures for the site
and be able to locate:
• This information may be gained by reading the site notice boards or
attending a site induction
• If there is an accident always follow the site emergency procedures
- The fire exits on site
- The fire assembly points on site
- The emergency telephones numbers for the site
79. City of Glasgow College 79
First Aid Boxes
• By law in the UK employers must provide First Aid Boxes and ensure that
certain staff are trained in First Aid (First Aiders/Appointed Persons)
• First Aid Boxes should never contain pain killers
as some people may be allergic to them!
• If the First Aid Box on your site is always empty
always let the people in charge of the box know
• Remember, if you are working on a remote part of site on your own you
should take a small first aid kit with you
80. City of Glasgow College 80
‘First Aiders’
• When working on site certain staff must be trained in basic First Aid. Such
staff are referred to as First Aiders or Appointed Persons
• Appointed Persons are only responsible for contacting
and directing the emergency services to the injured
• First Aiders can administer basic first aid but cannot
give out pain killers or give you any medicines
• If you wish to become a First Aider, always speak to your supervisor to
see if you can attend a First Aider’s course
81. City of Glasgow College 81
First Aid Procedures
• If you discover an injured person on site the first thing you should do is
ensure that you are not in any danger yourself
• First Aid on site must only be administered by qualified First Aiders
• If you are not qualified in First Aid, you should always get someone to
get the First Aider or get someone to call the emergency services
• Remember, if you Are not qualified in First Aid you may do the casualty
more harm than good
82. City of Glasgow College 82
First Aid Procedures -
Fractures & Broken Bones
• The most common cause of broken bones on site are falls from height
• If someone has fallen from height and has no
feeling in their legs make sure they stay where
they are until medical help arrives
• If somebody with no feelings in their legs is moved incorrectly this may
lead to further complications…
• If you think that someone has fallen and broken a
bone always send for a First Aider or get medical
help
83. City of Glasgow College 83
• Particular care must be taken if people have collapsed or are unconscious
in an excavation or confined space
• You must never enter the excavation unless you know it
is safe to do so - there may be a lack of oxygen or
poisonous gasses present
• If you can see that people are in difficulty shout to let
others know what has happened and get medical help
First Aid Procedures -
Excavations and Confined Spaces
84. City of Glasgow College 84
First Aid Procedures -
Electric Shock
• Particular attention must be taken if a casualty has suffered an electric
shock and is in contact with a live cable
• If a casualty is in contact with a live cable make sure
that the power is switched off and call for medical
help
• Remember, over 1000 workers suffer serious
electric shocks in the workplace every year
• This makes effective electrical safety procedures in the workplace
essential
85. City of Glasgow College 85
First Aid Procedures -
Puncture Wounds
• If a casualty has a nail in their foot do not remove the
nail until medical help arrives – the nail is helping to
stop the bleeding
• Remember, wounds that are not cleaned properly may become infected
• If a casualty has a large splinter embedded deep in
their hand you must ensure that they receive proper
first aid treatment
• Special attention must be taken if a casualty has suffered any sort of
puncture wound
86. City of Glasgow College 86
First Aid Procedures -
Eye Injuries
• If someone gets grit in their eye, the best thing to do is flush out the eye
with clean water
• Many First Aid kits include emergency Eye Wash
• Emergency Eye Wash should be made available on all
sites where people could get something in their eyes
• If the injury is more serious or the grit cannot be removed from the eye
always ensure that the emergency services are called
87. City of Glasgow College 87
Excavations, Confined Spaces
And The Law
• By law, employers must:-
• Guidance on Emergency Procedures and First Aid in the workplace are
contained in the Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981
- provide adequate and appropriate First Aid equipment and facilities
- Provide adequately trained personnel to enable first aid to be given to
employees if they are injured or become ill at work
88. City of Glasgow College 88
CSCS 8 – Safe Use of
Hazardous Substances
89. City of Glasgow College 89
Hazardous Substances may
Include…
Adhesives
Paints
Cleaning Agents
Compounds
Fumes Acids
Chemicals
And many more…
Warning
Hazardous
substance
90. City of Glasgow College 90
Asbestos
• Workers must take extreme caution if coming across or working in
proximity to asbestos
• All types of asbestos are extreme hazard to
health and should be dealt with accordingly
• Exposure to asbestos may result in a worker
contracting asbestosis. This is a lung disease
that could kill you
aWARNING
CONTAINS
ASBESTOS
Follow safety
instructions
• If you think that you have discovered any form of asbestos on site you
must always stop work and warn others
91. City of Glasgow College 91
• Employers are legally obliged to undertake full a COSHH Assessment of
any hazardous substance that may be used in the workplace
• However you should always read the COSHH Assessment yourself and
follow it’s instructions
• A COSHH Assessment will let you know how
a substance may harm you and how to
protect yourself
Before You Use a Harmful
Substance…
• Before using any hazardous substance, the
findings of the COSHH assessment must be
explained to you by your supervisor
92. City of Glasgow College 92
• Always wear the correct Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and the
correct Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE)
• If you do not have the correct PPE always report it to your supervisor
Before You Use a Harmful
Substance…
93. City of Glasgow College 93
Safe Use Of Hazardous Substances
• By law, hazardous substances used in the workplace must be stored,
transported and used in accordance with the findings of the COSHH
Assessment
• Remember, although you can often tell that a chemical is hazardous by a
label on the container this may not always be the case – always take
precautions
• If you are unsure of the contents of a bottle of
chemicals always ensure that the chemical is
put in a place of safety and reported to your
supervisor
?
94. City of Glasgow College 94
• Hazardous substances are normally indicated by a Hazardous Chemical
container label (Haz-Chem label)
Hazardous Substances
• Warning signs warning of hazardous chemicals on site are primarily
yellow triangles
• Hazardous Chemical labels are primarily
orange signs with black writing
95. City of Glasgow College 95
Toxic Substances
• Chemicals with a skull and crossbones on the label are considered to be
toxic
• Remember, utmost care must be taken with toxic substances because
they could kill you…
• Workers must exercise extreme caution
with such chemicals because they may
cause severe damage to your health
96. City of Glasgow College 96
Corrosive Substances
• Chemicals with dripping test tubes on the label are considered to be
corrosive
• Examples of corrosive substances on site may include acid, caustic
soda, cement etc.
• Workers must take extra care when
dealing with corrosive substances
because they can cause severe burns
97. City of Glasgow College 97
Harmful Substances
• Chemicals with a black cross on the label are considered to be harmful
- Irritate your skin
• Extra care must be taken with such
substances because they may:
• Substances marked harmful will not necessarily kill you, however suitable
precautions must be taken prior to dealing with any harmful substance
- Harm your health
98. City of Glasgow College 98
Disposal of Hazardous Waste
• Hazardous waste must always be disposed of according to site rules as
hazardous substances are dangerous to the environment
• Remember, if you are unsure of how to dispose of hazardous substance
always ask your supervisor how to dispose of it
• You must never dispose of any hazardous substance
by pouring it down drains or by pouring it away
99. City of Glasgow College 99
Safe Use Of Hazardous Substances
And The Law
• Guidance on the safe use of hazardous substances are contained the
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and the Control of Substances
Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH)
• By law, employers must control exposure to hazardous
substances at work to prevent ill health
• Remember though, it is also your responsibility to look after both yourself
and others
101. City of Glasgow College 101
Electrical Safety
• In the UK over 1000 workers suffer serious electric shocks in the
workplace every year
• This makes effective electrical safety procedures in the workplace
essential
• On average, 25 workers are killed through
electrical accidents in the workplace every
year
102. City of Glasgow College 102
Overhead Power Lines
• On average 5 workers are killed through electrical accidents involving
overhead power lines and every year
• If any electrical cable has any bare wires always inform your supervisor
and ensure that others are kept well away from the cable until it is made
safe
• Workers should only work close to overhead power
lines if the power to the line has been switched off.
Electricity can jump from overhead lines if you get
too close
103. City of Glasgow College 103
Faults On Power Tools
• Electrical tools should always be checked for damage before you use
them
• If an electrical hand tool cuts out, or fuses continually blow during use
always switch off the power and look for obvious signs of damage
• Electrical faults may be identified by burn marks on the casing but are
often invisible to the eye, always leave repairs to the professionals!
• If smoke is coming from the motor of any electrical tool always unplug
the power and ensure that nobody else uses it
104. City of Glasgow College 104
230/240 Volt Power Tools
• All 230/240 Volt power tools must undergo regular Portable Appliance
Testing (PAT Test)
• PAT testing is undertaken by qualified electricians
to ensure that portable electrical appliances are
safe to operate
• A PAT test label will be attached to the equipment
will advise the date that the next PAT test is due
• PAT tests must be undertaken annually on all portable electrical
equipment
105. City of Glasgow College 105
230/240 Volt Power Tools
• 230/240 Volt power tools must always be operated in conjunction with a
Residual Current Device (RCD)
• RCD’s are designed to quickly cut the power to the
device if there is an electrical fault
• RCD’s have a test button to make sure that the
RCD is functional
• Remember, 230/240 Volt power tools are not suitable for use on site,
always use 110 Volt tools
106. City of Glasgow College 106
110 Volt Power Tools
• On construction and building sites, the recommended voltage for
electrical equipment is 110 Volts
• 110 Volt tools are recommended for use on construction and building
sites because they are much less likely to kill you should you suffer an
electric shock
• 110 Volt Power Tools should always have
yellow cables and yellow connectors
107. City of Glasgow College 107
110 Volt Equipment
• 110 Volts power is supplied on site via temporary distribution boxes
110V
Distribution
Box
• If your 110 Volt extension lead is unable to reach a distribution box
always ask your supervisor to arrange for it to be moved
• 110 Volt extension leads should not be plugged into each other as they
will create a trip hazard on site…
108. City of Glasgow College 108
Before Using An Extension Lead..
• Before using any extension lead, always ensure that the lead is safe to
use
• If the extension cable has any damage or cuts in
the cover always report the fault and make sure
that no-one else uses the cable
• Uncoil the whole cable and check the whole cable
for damage prior to use
• Wherever possible, extension cables should be run above head height to
ensure they are not causing an obstruction
109. City of Glasgow College 109
Using Cables On Site
• Special care and attention should always be given if running extension
leads and cables across any areas used by site transport or any other
vehicles
• Always put up a warning sign to make drivers aware of the ramp…
• Always cover the cable with some sort of speed
bump or protection ramp
110. City of Glasgow College 110
Air Powered Tools
• Air powered tools may be used as an alternative to electrically operated
tools
• Air powered tools are especially suitable if you are
working in waterlogged part of site – electricity and
water don’t mix!
• Always wear safety goggles when working with air powered tools as there
will be a risk to the eyes from flying particles of debris
111. City of Glasgow College 111
Battery Operated Power Tools
• Battery powered tools are an alternative when working on construction
sites.
• Battery powered tools are often safer as they will
not give you a lethal electric shock
• Remember, if you are unsure how to use any power tool always ask for
expert advice and training
112. City of Glasgow College 112
Electrical Safety And The Law
• Guidance on electrical safety are contained the Health and Safety at
Work Act 1974 and the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
• By law, employers must ensure that you receive adequate equipment
and training to ensure that you are working with electricity safely
• Remember though, it is also your responsibility to look after both yourself
and others
114. City of Glasgow College 114
CSCS 10 – Hand Held
Equipment & Tools
115. City of Glasgow College 115
Tools You Use On Site
May Include:
And many more…
Hand Tools
Corded Power Tools
Battery Power
Tools
Gas Powered ToolsAir Powered Tools
116. City of Glasgow College 116
Before Using Any Hand Tool Or
Power Tool On Site
• You must be trained and competent in the use of the tool – if you are
unsure ask your supervisor for expert advice and training
• You must check that the tool is not damaged
and functioning correctly before you use it
• Always make sure that you are using the
right tool for the job
• This includes all hand tools like trowels, chisels, bolsters and hammers
117. City of Glasgow College 117
Be Careful Using..
• Any chisel or bolster with a ‘mushroomed’ head – the head may shatter
and send fragments into the air
• Any hammer with a loose head should be
repaired or replaced before use
• Any power tool missing a safety guard must not be used until a proper
safety guard is fitted
• Any screw drivers/bits with worn heads or
Stanley knives with blunt edges should be
replaced before use
118. City of Glasgow College 118
Abrasive Wheels
• Extra care and attention must be given when using any abrasive wheel
or grinding machine
• Ensure safety guards are fitted correctly as they:
• Abrasive wheels should not be run faster than the recommended top
speed – the abrasive wheel could burst and send fragments into the air
- Stop fragments flying through the air
- Stop you coming into contact the wheel
119. City of Glasgow College 119
Cutting Machines
• Extra care and attention must be given when using any cutting machine
• Be aware of hazards such as high noise levels,
dust and flying fragments of debris
• Always wear high impact safety goggles and ear protection when using
any grinding or cutting tool
• Consider using dust extractors and wet cutting
to control dust – most dust is harmful if inhaled
• Make sure you adjust safety guards to ensure
the minimum amount of blade is exposed
120. City of Glasgow College 120
Chainsaws
Are especially dangerous to use
Chainsaws
are heavy
Never attempt to use any chainsaw onsite unless you have received
expert advice and training
Chainsaws
are noisy
Chainsaws have
no safety guards
121. City of Glasgow College 121
Gas Powered Tools
• Gas cartridge powered nail guns are a popular alternative to traditional
tools
• Workers must receive special training on gas
cartridge powered nail guns prior to use
• This is because they operate like a gun and can be very dangerous in
inexperienced hands…
122. City of Glasgow College 122
Power Tools
• Power tools should always be unplugged when not in use
• Remember, power tools with 13 amp plugs are not suitable for construction
sites – always use a 110 Volt tool instead
• Power tools should always be checked
for faults before you use them
123. City of Glasgow College 123
Air Powered Tools
• Air powered tools may be used as an alternative to electrically operated
tools
• Air powered tools are especially suitable if you are
working in waterlogged part of site as they do not
use electricity
• Remember, always wear safety goggles when working with air powered
tools as there will be a risk to the eyes from flying particles of debris
124. City of Glasgow College 124
Battery Operated Power Tools
• Battery powered tools are an alternative when working on construction
sites.
• Battery powered tools are often safer as they will
not give you a lethal electric shock
• Remember, if you are unsure how to use any power tool always ask for
expert advice and training
125. City of Glasgow College 125
Use of Tools And The Law
• Guidance on accident prevention and reporting are contained the Health
and Safety at Work Act 1974 and the Provision and Use of Work
Equipment Regulations 1998
• By Law, any equipment supplied by your employer must be:
- Suitable for its intended use and maintained in a safe condition
- Used only be people who have received adequate information,
instruction and training
• Remember, equipment such as laser levels etc. create no hazard as
long as they are used correctly - If you are unsure how to use any tool
or piece of equipment always ask!
126. City of Glasgow College 126
CSCS 11 - Fire Prevention &
Control
127. City of Glasgow College 127
Fire Classifications
• Class ‘A’ fires – Fires involving materials such
as wood, cardboard, paper, fabric, some
plastics etc.
• Class ‘B’ Fires – Flammable liquid fires that
involve oil, petrol, diesel, paint etc.
128. City of Glasgow College 128
Fire Classifications
• Class ‘C’ fires – Flammable gas fires involving
gases such as LPG, Butane, Propane, mains
gas etc.
• Class ‘D’ Fires – Fires involving metals such
as Lithium, Magnesium, Sodium or Aluminium
(powder or swarf)
129. City of Glasgow College 129
Fire Classifications
• Electrical Fires – Do not constitute a class,
since any fire involving or started by electrical
equipment must be a fire of CLASS A,B,C or D
• Class ‘F’ Fires – Hot cooking oil fires – require
specialist wet chemical extinguishers
130. City of Glasgow College 130
• Without these three elements a fire cannot occur
FuelOxygen
Heat
Fires consist of three elements
Fire Prevention and
Control
• Fire extinguishers work by removing one the three elements
131. City of Glasgow College 131
There are four main types
of extinguisher
• Powder extinguishers
• Carbon Dioxide extinguishers• Water extinguishers
• Foam extinguishers
132. City of Glasgow College 132
Fire Prevention and
Control
• Water extinguishers (Red Label)
– Suitable for class ‘A’ fires (wood, paper etc.)
– NEVER use on flammable liquid (Class B) or electrical
fires
• Carbon Dioxide extinguishers (Black Label)
– Suitable for electrical fires
– Should only be used on flammable liquid (Class B) fires if
no other alternative available
– NEVER touch the nozzle during use as it gets very cold
133. City of Glasgow College 133
Fire Prevention and
Control
• Foam extinguishers (Beige/Yellow Label)
– Suitable for flammable liquid (class ‘B’) fires and material
fires such as wood/paper etc (class ‘A’)
– NEVER use on electrical fires
• Powder extinguishers (Blue Label)
– Suitable for material fires such as wood/paper etc (class
‘A’) and flammable liquid (class ‘B’) fires
– Suitable for use on electrical fires and small gas (class
‘C’) fires
134. City of Glasgow College 134
Know Your Extinguishers
Wood, paper
fires etc.
Secondary
Do Not Use
Flammable
liquid fires
Flammable
gas fires
Specialist
powders may
be required
Metal
fires
Do Not Use
Do Not Use
Electrical
fires
Removes
Heat From
Fire
Removes
Oxygen From
Fire
RED
Label
BLACK
Label
BLUE
Label
BEIGE
Label
135. City of Glasgow College 135
Fire Prevention and
Control
• .NEVER attempt to fight a fire unless you have been trained on
the use and operation of extinguishers
• .REMEMBER – Selecting the wrong extinguisher may make an
existing fire worse
136. City of Glasgow College 136
• Tasks where there is a danger of fire starting may require a
Hot Work Permit
• Hot Work Permits require the holder to:
- Have a fire extinguisher close to hand at all times
- Check for any signs of fire when they stop work
• If a task does require a permit to work, you will not be allowed
to start the task until the permit is issued
Fire Prevention and Control –
Hot Work Permits
137. City of Glasgow College 137
• Raise the alarm
• Do not stop to collect personal belongings or tools
• Leave the building by the nearest available fire exit
• Report to the designated Fire Assembly Point
If you discover a fire…..
• .NEVER attempt to re-enter the building until being authorised
by a fire warden
138. City of Glasgow College 138
• Do not stop to collect personal belongings or tools
• Leave the building by the nearest available fire exit
• Report to the designated Fire Assembly Point
If you hear the fire alarm…..
• .NEVER attempt to re-enter the building until being authorised
by a fire warden
139. City of Glasgow College 139
• Green and white signs are Safe Condition signs
• If working near a Fire Exit, never leave tools or equipment
where they may block a safety route
Fire Safety Signs
• .REMEMBER - Fire Exits save lives!
• Fire exit signs etc will always be green and
146. City of Glasgow College 146
…Indicate extinguisher locations etc…
147. City of Glasgow College 147
…Indicate safe route or location…
148. City of Glasgow College 148
…Indicate hazardous substance or condition…
149. City of Glasgow College 149
CSCS 13 – Site Transport
Safety
150. City of Glasgow College 150
Mobile Plant On Site May
Include…
And many more…
Forklift
Trucks
HGV’s
Delivery
Vans
DumpTrucks
Mobile
Cranes
151. City of Glasgow College 151
• You must never drive or operate any mobile plant
unless you have received the correct training
• Workers operating any mobile plant must be competent and authorised
• If you do you may be liable to prosecution, as you are breaking the law!
Site Transport Safety – The
Rules…
• You must never allow people to ride in mobile
plant unless it is designed to carry passengers
152. City of Glasgow College 152
How Not To Transport
Passengers….
153. City of Glasgow College 153
• You must never walk under a raised load on
any forklift truck…
• Workers must take particular care when working near forklift trucks
• If you see that a load is about to fall from a forklift truck, keep clear and
try to warn others in the area
Site Transport Safety – Forklift
Trucks…
• If you do you are at risk of being hit by
any object that falls from the forklift
156. City of Glasgow College 156
• If you have to walk past a Mobile Crane
that is operating always take another
route so that you stay well clear of the
crane
• Particular attention must be taken when working near Mobile Cranes
• If you feel that any mobile plant is operating too close to where you work
always stop work and speak to your supervisor
• Remember, the driver may be unaware
that you are there
Site Transport Safety – Mobile
Cranes
157. City of Glasgow College 157
• You must never attempt to supervise a lift involving a crane unless you
have been trained and assessed as competent
• If you feel that a load is in any danger of collision or collapse always tell
the person supervising the lift
Site Transport Safety – Mobile
Cranes
158. City of Glasgow College 158
How Not To Use a Mobile
Crane….
159. City of Glasgow College 159
How Not To Use a Mobile
Crane….
160. City of Glasgow College 160
• The majority of accidents involving site transport and pedestrians happen
when vehicles are reversing
• If you have not been trained as a signaller
never attempt to reverse an HGV on site -
always stay well out of the way
• If a vehicle is reversing on site never stand
or walk behind the vehicle. Wait for the
vehicle to pass or find another way around
the vehicle
• Remember, never walk behind a reversing lorry as the driver may not
know that you are there!
Site Transport Safety – Reversing
Vehicles
163. City of Glasgow College 163
Well Organised Sites Should
Have…
Pedestrian routes
and site traffic routes
separated by barriers
to help ensure that
pedestrians do not
have accidents with
mobile plant
Pedestrians must
never attempt to take
short cuts through site
traffic routes and
vehicle compounds –
always take the long
way round
• Site transport should only be allowed to drive along pedestrian routes if
absolutely necessary and all pedestrians are excluded
• Regular Site Inductions for new workers to explain the site traffic rules
164. City of Glasgow College 164
Things To Look Out For…
• Any vehicles driving too fast should be reported to your supervisor
• Mobile plant with any liquid dripping from underneath the body should
be reported as the hydraulics may have a leak and could be dangerous
• Any vehicles with a flat tyre should be reported as they are unsafe to
drive
• Any petrol or diesel spillages must be reported as they will are hazardous
to the environment
165. City of Glasgow College 165
Site Transport And The Law
• By law, employers must ensure that:
• Guidance on Site Transport are contained in the Workplace (Health,
Safety & Welfare) Regulations 1992 and the Provision and User of Work
Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER)
- All work equipment is repaired and maintained
in an efficient state
- Adequate steps are taken to prevent &
control risks to all staff in relation to work
equipment
• If you feel any activities on site are affecting your safety always inform
your supervisor
166. City of Glasgow College 166
How Not To Maintain Site
Transport…
168. City of Glasgow College 168
• An early sign of damage to you hearing
may be temporary deafness, however
this may become permanent
• Continual exposure to loud noise in the workplace may cause hearing
loss over a long period of time
• Industrial deafness can be prevented, however once your hearing has
been damaged it cannot be reversed
Noise In The Workplace
• This is often referred to as Industrial
deafness
169. City of Glasgow College 169
Symptoms of industrial deafness include:
• Buzzing or ringing in the ears (referred to as tinnitus if damage is
permanent)
• Permanent or temporary deafness (often a dulling or muffling of sounds)
Noise In The Workplace
• Mild or severe Headaches
• If you have to shout to be heard clearly at distances of 2 metres, noise
at work may be a problem and you may be at risk
170. City of Glasgow College 170
Minimising Exposure To Noise In
The Workplace
• If your ear protection are damaged in anyway do not
begin work until they are replaced
• Wear a recommended form of ear protection such as ear plugs or ear
defenders to reduce the noise to an acceptable level
• If you think that your hearing has been damaged at work, ask your
employer or doctor to arrange a hearing test
• Remember, if you are working in an Ear Protection
Zone you must wear ear protection at all times
171. City of Glasgow College 171
Noise Control And The Law
• By law, employers must take action to control noise in the workplace
• Guidance on noise levels in the workplace is contained in the Control Of
Noise At Work Regulations 2005
• If average exposure reaches 80 decibels, employers must assess the
risk to workers and provide ear protection if requested (1st
Action Level)
• If average exposure reaches 85 decibels, employers must provide
recommended ear protection to workers (2nd
Action Level)
• When using ear protection workers must not be exposed to noise above
87 decibels
172. City of Glasgow College 172
Remember…
• Do not work in a noisy areas unless you have adequate ear protection
Be
aware!
Be
aware!
Be
aware!
Be
aware!
Be
aware!
Be
aware!
Be
aware!
• If you are wearing any form of ear protection you will be less aware of
what is going on around you
173. City of Glasgow College 173
Vibration White Finger…
• Is caused by excessive exposure or continuous use of vibrating hand-
held tools and machinery
• Is also referred to as Hand-Arm Vibration and is a similar condition to
Reynauds Syndrome
• Damages the nerves and blood vessels in the fingers and hands
• Vibration White Finger can be prevented, however once a person suffers
Vibration White Finger it cannot be cured
• Vibration White Finger may never go away…
174. City of Glasgow College 174
- Numbness and loss of feeling in the fingers
- Tingling in the fingers
Vibration White Finger
• Symptoms of Vibration White Finger include:
- The fingertips turn white
• If you suffer any of these symptoms always report it to your supervisor
and doctor
- Loss of strength in the hands
175. City of Glasgow College 175
Vibration White Finger
• Tools that may increase the likelihood of suffering Vibration White Finger
include:
• Vibration White Finger is most likely to occur in working environments
that are cold and wet
- Power sanders - Jack hammers - Grinders
- Stihl saws - Hammer drills - Chain saws
- Jig saws - Compressed air tools - Impact Wrenches
…And many more….
- Power sanders - Jack hammers - Grinders
- Stihl saws - Hammer drills - Chain saws
- Jig saws - Compressed air tools - Impact Wrenches
176. City of Glasgow College 176
• Wear anti-vibration gloves
• Try and use power tools in short bursts
How To Avoid Vibration White
Finger
• Do not grip the tool being used too tightly
• Where possible, try and ensure that your hands are kept warm and dry
• Ask your supervisor to explain the risk assessment and explain the
safest way to use the tool
177. City of Glasgow College 177
Vibration And The Law
• By law, employers must assess and identify measures to eliminate or
reduce risks for all employees from exposure to Hand-Arm Vibration
• Guidance on vibration in the workplace is contained in the Control Of
Vibration At Work Regulations 2005
• Employers must also:
- Ensure that control measures to reduce exposure to vibration are
properly applied
- Provide information and training to all staff exposed to vibration at
work
178. City of Glasgow College 178
CSCS 15 – Excavations &
Confined Spaces
179. City of Glasgow College 179
The Dangers Of Excavations &
Confined Spaces Include…
Excavation
sides
collapse
Debris falling
into excavation
Lack
of
Oxygen
Falls
from
height
Build up
of toxic
gases
And many more…
Warning
deep excavation
Hazardous
sludge
180. City of Glasgow College 180
• Take precautions to ensure that you will not undermine the foundations
of any surrounding buildings – if in doubt speak to your supervisor!
• If the soil contains a strange smell or bad egg smell when digging take
precautions as the soil may be contaminated (Sewer Gas/Hydrogen
Sulphide)
Before You Start Any
Excavation….
• If digging anywhere near underground
services you should only use a spade or
shovel
• Consider the use of trial holes to locate buried
services – remember, buried services are
often covered with yellow plastic marker tape
181. City of Glasgow College 181
• Excavations must be inspected before the start of every shift by a
competent person to ensure that they are safe to work in
• If you see the supports in an excavation moving always makes sure that
you and others get out quickly as the sides may be about to collapse
Working In Excavations
• Excavations must be supported if there is any risk of
the sides falling in
• Excavations must be fitted with Guard Rails to ensure
that people do not fall into the excavation
excavation
182. City of Glasgow College 182
• Always stop work and make sure that the damage to the cable is
reported
• Do not touch the cable, it may be live!
If You Hit And Damage a Cable…
183. City of Glasgow College 183
• Deep excavations must only be accessed via a properly supported ladder
Working In Excavations
• Do not work in an excavation if vehicles are left running
above an excavation – exhaust fumes may settle in the
base of the excavation…
• …If you ever feel dizzy in any excavation make sure you
and others get out!
• Consider the use of a ‘Top Man’
who may initiate any rescue plan
if required
184. City of Glasgow College 184
• Working in a confined space will usually require A Risk Assessment, A
Method Statement and a Permit To Work
Working In Confined Spaces
• The Risk Assessment may indicate that a Rescue Team or Rescue Plan
is required. If this is the case and neither are available you should not
enter the confined space until they are in place
• The Method Statement will indicate the safest and correct way to do a
job. If you find that you cannot do a job in accordance with the Method
Statement always speak to your supervisor
185. City of Glasgow College 185
• Working in a confined space will often require a Permit To Work
Permits To Work
• A Permit to Work you will allow certain tasks to
be carried out under controlled conditions
• If the permit runs out before a job has been finished work must cease
until the permit has been replaced
• If a task requires a Permit to Work you will not
be allowed to start a job until the Permit to
Work has been issued
186. City of Glasgow College 186
• The air quality should be tested with a meter this may highlight hazards
such as:-
• If the presence of gas is highlighted leave the confined space as quickly
as possible – the gas may explode or you may not be able to breath
Before Work Commences In A
Confined Space…
- Toxic, Flammable and Explosive Gases (i.e. Methane)
- A lack of Oxygen in the excavation or confined space
• If a lack of Oxygen is highlighted leave the confined space as quickly as
possible – you could be suffocated or lose consciousness
187. City of Glasgow College 187
• Particular attention must be taken if sludge has gathered at the bottom of
an excavation or confined space
Working In Confined Spaces
• The sludge may contain hazards such as Toxic or
Flammable Gases …
• The sludge may be a slip and trip hazard…
• Do not attempt to work in such environments unless you
have received the correct Training and the necessary
Respiratory Protective Equipment
188. City of Glasgow College 188
Excavations, Confined Spaces
And The Law
• By law, employers must:-
• Guidance on working in Excavations and Confined Spaces are contained
in the Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999 and the
Confined Spaces Regulations 1997
- Undertake suitable and sufficient assessments of the risks for all work
activities
- Avoid the need to enter confined spaces whenever possible
- Have in place adequate emergency arrangements before work
commences