Building elements
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Building materials like paints, wallpapers, timber, sheet materials, ironmongery, adhesives, bricks, blocks, drainage pipes, aggregates, bagged materials, and glass each have specific storage requirements due to factors like chemical makeup, breakability, and regulations. Poor storage can cause issues like materials becoming unusable, contamination, or safety hazards. Proper storage is important to keep materials in good condition until they are ready for use on a construction site.
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Ceramics are a wide-ranging group of materials made from clays, sand, and feldspar. They include whitewares like ceramics, refractories used in high-temperature applications, and glasses. Ceramics have various applications including structural, electrical, chemical, and advanced uses in areas like engines. Advanced ceramics made of materials like silicon nitride, silicon carbide, and alumina are used for heat-resistant and durable components.
Conservation
This document discusses the conservation of cultural heritage buildings in the UK, including listed buildings, conservation areas, and scheduled ancient monuments. It covers grading systems, requirements for repairs and changes, appropriate materials for repairs and maintenance, and potential threats from plants and moisture. The key points are that special care must be taken to use historically appropriate and breathable materials when repairing historic buildings, and that plant growth and moisture can damage structures if not properly managed.
Ceramic
introduction of ceramic: A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid material comprising metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic and all are made by firing or burning, often including silicates and metal oxides.
classification and types of ceramic, application of ceramic and innovations on it.
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Colour theory presentation
The document discusses color theory as it relates to painting and decorating. It defines primary colors as red, yellow, and blue. Secondary colors are produced by mixing two primary colors - orange from red and yellow, purple from red and blue, and green from blue and yellow. A color circle or chromatic circle arranges all the colors in a circle with primary, secondary, and intermediate colors. Color schemes include monochromatic using one color, complementary using opposite colors, analogous using adjacent colors, and contrasting using different colors from anywhere on the wheel. Neutrals are grey mixtures of black and white while tints add white, shades add black, and tones add grey to colors.
Colour schemes lesson 2
Hue refers to the basic colour, such as red, blue, yellow, etc. BS 4800 is the British Standard for colour coordination. It contains 100 colours divided into categories based on hue, greyness, and tone. Colour schemes can be warm/advancing using red, yellow and orange hues, or cool/receding using blue and green hues. Monochromatic schemes use tints and shades of a single hue. Harmonious schemes use analogous or related hues. Complementary schemes pair hues directly opposite each other on the colour wheel.
Colour schemes lesson 1
This document provides an introduction to color schemes and color theory. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
The document begins by explaining that color is derived from light and defines white light as originating from the sun. It describes how Isaac Newton showed that sunlight is made up of a spectrum of colors. The learning outcomes cover topics like the color wheel, how humans perceive color, and how color is affected by artificial lighting sources.
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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Steps and working platforms
This document discusses safety requirements for various types of access equipment commonly used in construction, including stepladders, ladders, trestle platforms, scaffolding, and fall protection. It provides brief descriptions of stepladders, ladders, trestle platforms, mobile tower scaffolds, and asks questions about safety checks and regulations that should be considered for each type of equipment prior to use.
Health and safety
This document discusses several important topics in workplace health and safety:
- The Health and Safety at Work Act establishes duties for employers and employees to protect worker and public safety.
- The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations provide guidelines for handling hazardous materials safely.
- Proper safety procedures and personal protective equipment are necessary for tasks like manual handling, working with fire or electricity, and working at heights to prevent accidents.
- First aid training and supplies, accident reporting, and risk assessments are required to ensure worker health and safety.
Painting & Decorating induction
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Wallpaper history
Wallpaper has been used for interior decoration since ancient times. The earliest forms of paper were developed in China in the 2nd century BC and papermaking spread from there to the Middle East and Europe over subsequent centuries. By the 16th century, wallpaper with printed repetitive patterns was being produced in Europe. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, innovations such as machine printing allowed wallpaper manufacturing to scale up and designs to become more intricate, making wallpaper a widespread decorative feature in homes.
Paperhanning tools
Paperhanging tools include brushes, shears, rules, paste boards, plumb bobs, seam rollers, trimming knives, wall brushes, buckets, and sponges. These tools are used for measuring, cutting, applying, and smoothing wallpaper and fabrics on walls and ceilings. Proper cleaning and storage helps maintain the tools.
Patterned paper power point
This document provides information on preparing surfaces, lining paper, wallboards, previously painted surfaces, filling cracks and holes, mould growth, new plaster, stripping wallpaper, tools and equipment, pastes and adhesives, paste consistency, how wallpaper is manufactured including screen printing, hand block printing, machine printing and embossing, types of wallpaper including grounds, machine prints, hand prints, embossed papers, wet embossed paper, washable papers, coated washable papers, wood grain, metallic folis and expanded polystyrene.
Paperhanning
The document discusses various techniques for hanging wallpaper, including:
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- Hanging paper vertically in lengths, keeping it folded at first
- Hanging paper horizontally by measuring positions and cross-lining
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Paint application
This document provides instructions and explanations for various painting and decorating techniques:
- It describes how to properly load a brush by coating the bristles and tapping off excess paint, being careful not to get paint on the handle.
- Different techniques are covered like cutting in, laying off brush strokes, applying paint with rollers, cleaning brushes, and special effects like rag rolling, sponging, stippling and stenciling.
- Specific instructions are given for techniques like graining, marbling, textured painting, gilding, and how to prevent defects when gilding.
Colour
The document discusses color wheels and color terminology. A color wheel is a diagram that displays primary, secondary, and sometimes tertiary colors in a radial pattern. It was first discovered in 1672. There are many terms connected to color, including hue (the name of the color), tint (a color made lighter by adding white), shade (a color made darker by adding black), and value (lightness or darkness of a color). The BS 4800 series is a coding system that identifies colors using a code with three parts representing hue, greyness, and weight or lightness.
Surface coatings
Surface coatings are applied to materials like steel and timber to protect them from corrosion and rotting, to decorate surfaces and add special effects, and to sanitize items by making them easier to clean. Paint consists of a thinner, binder, and pigment and dries through the processes of evaporation, oxidation, and coalescence as the binder particles fuse together into a film. When mixing a two-part coating, it is important to follow the manufacturer's recommendations on ratios and be aware of the mixture's pot life, which refers to the usable life of the mixture before it starts to cure and become unusable.
Preparing and painting surfaces
This document discusses different types of surface coatings used in painting. It describes primers, undercoats, gloss, eggshell, emulsion, acrylic, and varnish paint finishes. It provides instructions for preparing various surfaces like walls, wood, and old paintwork for painting. Walls should be protected with dustsheets and loose plaster removed before painting. New wood requires sanding, knotting, and filler while old paint needs flaking paint removed and sanding to prepare for new coats.
Protection
Dustsheets made of polythene or canvas should be used to protect furniture, floors, and other items from dust and splashes of paint when decorating. Polythene sheeting can be used to cover floors and protect vehicles, windows, and other items that cannot be removed from the work area. Tenting in with scaffolding and polythene sheeting cordons off an area for spray painting.
Surface coatings
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Surface & Tin defects
This document discusses various types of painting and tin defects including surface defects, internal paint failures, external paint defects, and defects in tin that can occur. It focuses on identifying and addressing issues that may arise with paint and tin coatings.
Surface defects
This document provides information on various surface defects and how to repair them. It discusses removing rust by hand or power tools, treating friable surfaces before painting, removing mould growth, repairing defective puttying and plasterboard, dealing with efflorescence on cement, repairing damaged rendering, and properly applying caulk. The key is to prepare surfaces thoroughly, use the right tools for each job, and avoid over-polishing or damaging the surface further during repairs.
Health and safety
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- Other important safety practices covered include first aid, accident reporting, use of safety signs, fire safety, and conducting risk assessments. Following these procedures helps create a safe working environment.
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Building elements
- 1. © City of Glasgow College Charity Number SC0 36198 Building Elements
- 2. Oil-based, water-based and powdered paint products all need to be stored differently to make sure they remain useable. Why do paints need to be stored in date order? Paints
- 3. Temperature, access and general cleanliness are important when storing decorative papers and decorating tools. Why are wallpapers stored in batches? Decorative papers and decorating tools
- 4. © City of Glasgow College Charity Number SC0 36198 Wood and sheet materials Carcassing timber, joinery grade wood, hardwoods, plywood, other sheet materials and joinery components all have specific storage requirements. What problems can occur from poor storage of timber and sheet materials?
- 5. Ironmongery includes not just fittings and fixtures made of iron, but also hardware made from brass, chrome, porcelain and glass. How should ironmongery be stored? Ironmongery
- 6. Because of their chemical nature, there are risks if adhesives are not stored, used and handled correctly. What regulations govern the storage of adhesives? Adhesives
- 7. Most bricks delivered to sites are prepacked and banded, using either plastic or metal bands to stop the bricks from separating until ready for use. Why are bricks and blocks stacked on pallets? Bricks and blocks
- 8. Drainage pipes Drainage pipes are made from vitrified clay or plastic. Clay pipes are easily broken, and any pipes can roll. How are drainage pipes best stored?
- 9. Aggregates are normally delivered in tipper lorries, although nowadays one-tonne bags are available and can be handled by crane. How can aggregates be protected from contamination? Storing aggregates
- 10. Aggregates can be supplied as bagged materials, as can cement and plaster. What are the main requirements of a storage shed? Bagged materials
- 11. Highly flammable liquids include: Liquefied Petroleum Gas, petrol, cellulose thinners, methylated spirits, chlorinated rubber paint and white spirit. What are the main requirements for storing highly flammable liquids? Highly flammable liquids
- 12. If only a small number of sheets of glass are to be stored, they can be leant against a stable surface, as shown. What are the storage requirements for glass? Glass