Introduction to using ladders 1

Level 2 Diploma in Painting an Decorating
© 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved.
Level 2 Diploma in Painting and Decorating
PowerPoint
presentation
Unit 220: Erecting and dismantling access
equipment and working platforms
Introduction to using ladders

How and when to use a leaning ladder

Leaning ladders in use
•  Do a daily pre-use check (include ladder feet)
•  Secure it
•  Ground should be firm and level
•  Maximum safe ground side slope 16 Degrees (level the rungs with a
suitable device)
•  Maximum safe ground back slope 6 degrees
•  Have a strong upper resting point (not plastic guttering)
•  Floors should be clean, not slippery

Safe use of ladders
A third of all reported fall-from-height incidents involve ladders and stepladders.
To avoid this:
• know when to use a ladder
• decide how to go about selecting the right type of ladder for the particular job
• understand how to use it
• know how to look after it
• take sensible safety precautions.

When is a ladder the most suitable access equipment?
This selection process has to take into account the hierarchy of controls:
•  firstly to avoid work at height where possible
•  then to prevent falls from height
•  failing that, to reduce the consequences of a fall.

When considering whether to use a ladder or stepladder, ask yourself if it is
suitable activity. Consider the type of work and its duration.
As a guide, only use a ladder or stepladder:
•  in one position for a maximum of 30 minutes
•  for light work – they are not suitable for strenuous or
heavy work
•  where a handhold is available on the ladder or stepladder
•  where you can maintain three points of contact (hands and
feet) at the working position
•  on a ladder where you cannot maintain a handhold, other
than for a brief period of time.
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Suitability for the task

On a ladder or stepladder, do not:
• Overload it – the person and anything they are carrying should not exceed
the highest load stated on the ladder.
• Overreach – keep your belt buckle (navel) inside the stiles and both feet on
the same rung throughout the task (see examples below).
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Safety points

When working on stepladders:
•  Avoid work that imposes side loading, such as side-on drilling
through solid materials (eg bricks or concrete).
•  Ensure the steps face the work activity.
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Safety points

•  Avoid holding items when climbing (use a tool belt).
•  On a ladder: if you must carry something, you must have one free hand to
grip the ladder.
•  On a stepladder: if you cannot maintain a handhold (eg putting a box on a
shelf), the use of a stepladder will have to be justified by taking into account:
•  the height of the task
•  a safe handhold still being available on the stepladder
•  whether it is light work
•  whether it avoids side loading
•  whether it avoids overreaching
•  whether the user's feet are fully supported
•  whether you can tie the stepladder.
Safety points

Selecting/buying safe ladders and stability devices
•  When buying a new ladder, think about the worst type of surface conditions
you may come across (eg smooth, wet floor tiles).
•  Manufacturers should be able to indicate the types of surfaces their products
are intended to be used on when they are unsecured (untied).
•  Only buy the ladder and associated stability devices that suppliers/
manufacturers can confirm will be stable enough to be used unsecured in a
worse case scenario, otherwise you will need to take additional measures to
secure it.

As a guide, only use a ladder or stepladder:
•  On firm ground or spread the load (eg use a
board).
•  On level ground (for stepladders refer to
the manufacturer's instructions).
•  For ladders the maximum safe ground
slopes on a suitable surface (unless the
manufacturer states otherwise) are as
follows:
o  side slope 16° but the rungs still need to
be levelled
o  back slope 6°.
Setting up a ladder or stepladder

Four ways to secure a ladder
1.  Ladder tied at top stiles (correct for
working on, not for access).
2.  Tying near the base.
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Four ways to secure a ladder
3. Tying part-way down.
4. Securing at the base.
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Ladders used for access to another level
should be tied.
Stepladders should not be used for access
to another level unless they have been
designed for this purpose.
Access ladders should be tied and extend at
least 1m above the landing point to provide
a secure handhold.
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Using a ladder for access

•  Where they will not be struck by vehicles: protect
them with suitable barriers or cones.
•  Where ladders can be put up at the correct angle
of 75°. To judge the angle use the angle indicator
marked on the stiles of some ladders (or the 1 in 4
rule: 1 unit out for every 4 units up).
•  Where they will not be pushed over by other
hazards.
•  Where pedestrians are prevented from walking
under or near them.
Where to use ladders or stepladders

•  Don't work within 6m horizontally of any
overhead power lines.
•  Always use a non-conductive ladder or steps
for any necessary live electrical work.
•  Don't rest ladders against weak upper surfaces
(eg glazing or plastic gutters).
•  Alternatively, you can use effective spreader
bars or effective stand-offs.
Stand-off device and
working maximum height on
a ladder.
Things to avoid

Is the ladder or
stepladder safe to be
used?

What are the pre-use
checks and detailed visual
inspections?

Checks while in use

Do ladder users know
how to use them safely?
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Introduction to using ladders 1

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